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A Seminar Report on Blu Ray Disk Presented by Pradeep.G 07X41A0533 Department of Computer Science Engineering SRK Institute of Technology Vijayawada
Data storage, High-definition video High-definition audio and  PlayStation 3  games Usage Blu-ray Disc Association Developed by 405 nm laser: 1× at 36  Mbit/s 2× at 72 Mbit/s 4× at 144 Mbit/s 6× at 216 Mbit/s 12× at 432 Mbit/s Read mechanism 25  GB  (single layer) 50 GB (dual layer) Capacity MPEG-2 ,  H.264/MPEG-4 AVC , and  VC-1 Encoding High-density  optical disc Media type Blu-ray Disc
Blu-ray Disc (also known as Blu-ray or BD) is an  optical disc   storage  media format. Its main uses are  high-definition video  and data storage. The disc has the same dimensions as a standard DVD or CD   The name Blu-ray Disc is derived from the blue laser (violet coloured) used to read and write this type of disc. Because of its shorter wavelength (405 nm), substantially more data can be stored on a Blu-ray Disc than on the DVD format, which uses a red (650 nm) laser. A dual layer Blu-ray Disc can store 50 GB, almost six times the capacity of a dual layer DVD
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A blank rewritable Blu-ray Disc (BD-RE)
ORIGIN: Sony started two projects applying the new diodes: UDO (Ultra Density Optical) and DVR Blue (together with Pioneer), a format of rewritable discs which would eventually become Blu-ray Disc (more specifically, BD-RE).   The first consumer devices were in stores on April 10, 2003. This device was the Sony BDZ-S77; a BD-RE recorder that was made available only in Japan. The recommended price was US$3800
 
Blu-ray Disc format finalized The Blu-ray Disc physical specifications were finished in 2004. In January 2005, TDK announced that they had developed a hard coating polymer for Blu-ray Discs  .  At the request of the initial hardware manufacturers, including Toshiba, Pioneer and Samsung, an interim standard was published which did not include some features, like managed copy.
Competition from HD DVD HD DVD had a head start in the high definition video market and Blu-ray Disc sales were slow at first. The first Blu-ray Disc player was perceived as expensive and buggy, and there were few titles available. This changed when PlayStation 3 launched, since every PS3 unit also functioned as a Blu-ray Disc player. At CES 2007 Warner proposed Total Hi Def which was a hybrid disc containing Blu-ray on one side and HD DVD on the other but it was never released. By January 2007, Blu-ray discs had outsold HD DVDs and during the first three quarters of 2007, BD outsold HD DVDs by about two to one. Finally, by February 2008, Toshiba announced it was pulling its support for the HD DVD format, leaving Blu Ray as the victor in the video wars .
Technical specifications : 15.6 GB (14.53 GiB) 7.8 GB (7.26 GiB)   8 cm, single sided 50 GB (46.56 GiB) 25 GB (23.28 GiB) 12 cm, single sided Dual layer capacity Single layer power Physical size
Laser and optics : Blu-ray Disc uses a "blue" (technically violet) laser operating at a wavelength of 405 nm to read and write data. Conventional DVDs and CDs use red and near infrared lasers at 650 nm and 780 nm respectively. The blue-violet laser's shorter wavelength makes it possible to store more information on a 12 cm CD/DVD sized disc. The minimum "spot size" on which a laser can be focused is limited by diffraction, and depends on the wavelength of the light and the numerical aperture of the lens used to focus it. By decreasing the wavelength, increasing the numerical aperture from 0.60 to 0.85 and making the cover layer thinner to avoid unwanted optical effects .
Because the Blu-ray Disc data layer is closer to the surface of the disc, compared to the DVD standard, it was at first more vulnerable to scratches  .  TDK  was the first company to develop a working scratch protection coating for Blu-ray Discs. It was named  Durabis . In addition, both Sony and Panasonic's replication methods include proprietary hard-coat technologies. Sony's rewritable media are spin-coated with a scratch-resistant and antistatic coating.   Hard-coating technology
Recording speed : 15 8 54 432 12×* 23 12 36 288 8× 30 15 27 216 6× 45 23 18 144 4× 90 45 9 72 2× 180 90 4.5 36 1× Dual Layer Single Layer MB/s Mbit/s Write time for Blu - ray Disc (minutes) Data rate Drive speed
Software standards : Codecs are compression schemes that store audio and video more efficiently, either giving longer play time or higher quality per megabyte. There are both lossy and lossless compression techniques. For video, all players are required to support MPEG-2, H.264/AVC, and SMPTE VC-1. MPEG-2 is the codec used on regular DVDs. . Discs encoded in MPEG-2 video typically limit content producers to around two hours of high-definition content on a single-layer (25 GB) BD-ROM.
Java software support : At the 2005  Java one  trade show, it was announced that  Sun Microsystems Java  cross-platform software environment would be included in all Blu-ray Disc players as a mandatory part of the standard. Java is used to implement interactive menus on Blu-ray Discs, as opposed to the method used on  DVD  video discs, which uses pre-rendered MPEG segments and selectable subtitle pictures, which is considerably more primitive and less seamless.
The BD-ROM specification defines four Blu-ray Disc player profiles which includes an audio only player profile (BD-Audio) that does not require video decoding or BD-J.All three of the video based player profiles (BD-Video) are required to have a full implementation of BD-J, but with varying levels of hardware support. Player profiles :
Mandatory No No No Internet connection capability Mandatory Mandatory Optional No Virtual file system Mandatory Mandatory Optional No Secondary audio decoder Mandatory Mandatory Optional No Secondary video decoder ( PiP ) 1 GB 256 MB Optional No Local storage capability 64 KB 64 KB 64 KB No Built-in persistent memory Profile 2.0 Profile 1.1 Profile 1.0 Profile 3.0  BD-Live Bonus View Grace Period BD-Video BD-Audio Feature
Backward compatibility : Though not compulsory the Blu-ray Disc Association recommends that Blu-ray Disc drives should be capable of reading standard DVDs and CDs for backward compatibility A few early Blu-ray Disc players released in 2006 could play DVDs but not CDs (the LG BH100, Pioneer BDP-HD1, and Sony BDP-S1) but all current Blu-ray Disc players are capable of both DVD and CD playback.
Variants : Mini Blu-ray Disc : The Mini Blu-ray Disc (also, Mini-BD and Mini Blu-ray) is a compact 8cm (~3in) diameter variant of the Blu-ray Disc that can store approximately 7.5 GB of data. It is similar in concept to the MiniDVD. Recordable (BD-R) and rewritable (BD-RE) versions of Mini Blu-ray Disc have been developed specifically for compact camcorders and other compact recording devices.
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  • 1. A Seminar Report on Blu Ray Disk Presented by Pradeep.G 07X41A0533 Department of Computer Science Engineering SRK Institute of Technology Vijayawada
  • 2. Data storage, High-definition video High-definition audio and PlayStation 3 games Usage Blu-ray Disc Association Developed by 405 nm laser: 1× at 36 Mbit/s 2× at 72 Mbit/s 4× at 144 Mbit/s 6× at 216 Mbit/s 12× at 432 Mbit/s Read mechanism 25  GB (single layer) 50 GB (dual layer) Capacity MPEG-2 , H.264/MPEG-4 AVC , and VC-1 Encoding High-density optical disc Media type Blu-ray Disc
  • 3. Blu-ray Disc (also known as Blu-ray or BD) is an optical disc storage media format. Its main uses are high-definition video and data storage. The disc has the same dimensions as a standard DVD or CD The name Blu-ray Disc is derived from the blue laser (violet coloured) used to read and write this type of disc. Because of its shorter wavelength (405 nm), substantially more data can be stored on a Blu-ray Disc than on the DVD format, which uses a red (650 nm) laser. A dual layer Blu-ray Disc can store 50 GB, almost six times the capacity of a dual layer DVD
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6. A blank rewritable Blu-ray Disc (BD-RE)
  • 7. ORIGIN: Sony started two projects applying the new diodes: UDO (Ultra Density Optical) and DVR Blue (together with Pioneer), a format of rewritable discs which would eventually become Blu-ray Disc (more specifically, BD-RE). The first consumer devices were in stores on April 10, 2003. This device was the Sony BDZ-S77; a BD-RE recorder that was made available only in Japan. The recommended price was US$3800
  • 8.  
  • 9. Blu-ray Disc format finalized The Blu-ray Disc physical specifications were finished in 2004. In January 2005, TDK announced that they had developed a hard coating polymer for Blu-ray Discs . At the request of the initial hardware manufacturers, including Toshiba, Pioneer and Samsung, an interim standard was published which did not include some features, like managed copy.
  • 10. Competition from HD DVD HD DVD had a head start in the high definition video market and Blu-ray Disc sales were slow at first. The first Blu-ray Disc player was perceived as expensive and buggy, and there were few titles available. This changed when PlayStation 3 launched, since every PS3 unit also functioned as a Blu-ray Disc player. At CES 2007 Warner proposed Total Hi Def which was a hybrid disc containing Blu-ray on one side and HD DVD on the other but it was never released. By January 2007, Blu-ray discs had outsold HD DVDs and during the first three quarters of 2007, BD outsold HD DVDs by about two to one. Finally, by February 2008, Toshiba announced it was pulling its support for the HD DVD format, leaving Blu Ray as the victor in the video wars .
  • 11. Technical specifications : 15.6 GB (14.53 GiB) 7.8 GB (7.26 GiB)   8 cm, single sided 50 GB (46.56 GiB) 25 GB (23.28 GiB) 12 cm, single sided Dual layer capacity Single layer power Physical size
  • 12. Laser and optics : Blu-ray Disc uses a "blue" (technically violet) laser operating at a wavelength of 405 nm to read and write data. Conventional DVDs and CDs use red and near infrared lasers at 650 nm and 780 nm respectively. The blue-violet laser's shorter wavelength makes it possible to store more information on a 12 cm CD/DVD sized disc. The minimum "spot size" on which a laser can be focused is limited by diffraction, and depends on the wavelength of the light and the numerical aperture of the lens used to focus it. By decreasing the wavelength, increasing the numerical aperture from 0.60 to 0.85 and making the cover layer thinner to avoid unwanted optical effects .
  • 13. Because the Blu-ray Disc data layer is closer to the surface of the disc, compared to the DVD standard, it was at first more vulnerable to scratches . TDK was the first company to develop a working scratch protection coating for Blu-ray Discs. It was named Durabis . In addition, both Sony and Panasonic's replication methods include proprietary hard-coat technologies. Sony's rewritable media are spin-coated with a scratch-resistant and antistatic coating. Hard-coating technology
  • 14. Recording speed : 15 8 54 432 12×* 23 12 36 288 8× 30 15 27 216 6× 45 23 18 144 4× 90 45 9 72 2× 180 90 4.5 36 1× Dual Layer Single Layer MB/s Mbit/s Write time for Blu - ray Disc (minutes) Data rate Drive speed
  • 15. Software standards : Codecs are compression schemes that store audio and video more efficiently, either giving longer play time or higher quality per megabyte. There are both lossy and lossless compression techniques. For video, all players are required to support MPEG-2, H.264/AVC, and SMPTE VC-1. MPEG-2 is the codec used on regular DVDs. . Discs encoded in MPEG-2 video typically limit content producers to around two hours of high-definition content on a single-layer (25 GB) BD-ROM.
  • 16. Java software support : At the 2005 Java one trade show, it was announced that Sun Microsystems Java cross-platform software environment would be included in all Blu-ray Disc players as a mandatory part of the standard. Java is used to implement interactive menus on Blu-ray Discs, as opposed to the method used on DVD video discs, which uses pre-rendered MPEG segments and selectable subtitle pictures, which is considerably more primitive and less seamless.
  • 17. The BD-ROM specification defines four Blu-ray Disc player profiles which includes an audio only player profile (BD-Audio) that does not require video decoding or BD-J.All three of the video based player profiles (BD-Video) are required to have a full implementation of BD-J, but with varying levels of hardware support. Player profiles :
  • 18. Mandatory No No No Internet connection capability Mandatory Mandatory Optional No Virtual file system Mandatory Mandatory Optional No Secondary audio decoder Mandatory Mandatory Optional No Secondary video decoder ( PiP ) 1 GB 256 MB Optional No Local storage capability 64 KB 64 KB 64 KB No Built-in persistent memory Profile 2.0 Profile 1.1 Profile 1.0 Profile 3.0 BD-Live Bonus View Grace Period BD-Video BD-Audio Feature
  • 19. Backward compatibility : Though not compulsory the Blu-ray Disc Association recommends that Blu-ray Disc drives should be capable of reading standard DVDs and CDs for backward compatibility A few early Blu-ray Disc players released in 2006 could play DVDs but not CDs (the LG BH100, Pioneer BDP-HD1, and Sony BDP-S1) but all current Blu-ray Disc players are capable of both DVD and CD playback.
  • 20. Variants : Mini Blu-ray Disc : The Mini Blu-ray Disc (also, Mini-BD and Mini Blu-ray) is a compact 8cm (~3in) diameter variant of the Blu-ray Disc that can store approximately 7.5 GB of data. It is similar in concept to the MiniDVD. Recordable (BD-R) and rewritable (BD-RE) versions of Mini Blu-ray Disc have been developed specifically for compact camcorders and other compact recording devices.