1. Seasons Challenge Created By: Allison Claroni, Jessica Geiger, Kasey Hemeon, Rayna Peirce, and Katie Donnelly Moran

2. Diagrams

3. Our Solar System

5. The Sun’s Path Across the Sky The Sun is not at the same height in the sky over the year. This is due to the elliptical orbit of the Earth around the Sun and the tilt of the axis.

6. Latitude Lines This diagram shows the approximate temperature of the Earth’s latitude lines in different months. The darker the color the colder the temperature. It can be concluded that it is warmer (summer) in the Northern Hemisphere (north of the equator) in the months May to August. However in that same time frame, the Southern Hemisphere is experiencing their coolest temperatures. Since, the Earth is tilted this can show that the Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun in the months May to August.

9. Solar Intensity Graph Two Main Factors; 1) length of atmosphere in which the Sun's rays must travel to get to Earth 2) Altitude or elevation

10. Solar Intensity Diagrams

11. Angles of the Sun

12. Season Facts Go to seasons chart

17. Comparing the Seasons (referring to the Northern Hemisphere) Winter Spring Summer Autumn Official Name Winter Solstice Vernal Equinox Summer Solstice Autumnal Equinox Line of Latitude Receiving the Most Direct Sunlight Tropic of Capricorn Equator Tropic of Cancer Equator Hemisphere Receiving the Most Direct Sunlight Northern Hemisphere Neither Southern Hemisphere Neither Starting Date December 21 or 22 March 21 or 22 June 21 or 22 September 22 or 23

18. Earth Reference Map

19. Glossary (page 1) Analemma: A graduated scale in the shape of a figure eight, indicating the sun's declination and the equation of time for every day of the year and usually found on sundials and globes. Autumnal Equinox : time of the year (September 22nd-23rd) at the end of summer when day and night are of equal length; beginning of autumn in the Northern Hemisphere. Axis : imaginary vertical line through the center of a body around which the body rotate, spins Declination: the angular distance of a heavenly body from the celestial equator, measured on the great circle passing through the celestial pole and the body. Equinox : the time when the sun crosses the plane of the earth's equator, making night and day of approximately equal length all over the earth. Geosynchronous orbit : orbit in which a satellite’s rate of evolution exactly matches the Earth's rate of rotation Globe : spherical, or round, model of the world. Hemisphere : northern or southern half of the Earth. International dateline : line located along the 180th meridian; where the line is crossed going west, one day is added; when it is crossed going east, one day is subtracted.

20. Glossary (page 2) Overhead Sun: when the Sun is directly overhead a certain place on Earth. At this time, the Earth's surface and the midday Sun form a 90 degree angle. This line of latitude receiving "overhead sun" is also known as the line of latitude that receives the most direct sunlight. Summer Solstice : time of year at the end of spring when there is the most amount of daylight and least amount of dark in a day; the solstice which takes place on June 21st-22nd that marks the beginning or summer in the northern hemisphere. Tangential Force: a force which acts on a moving body in the direction of a tangent to the path of the body, its effect being to increase or diminish the velocity; -- is distinguished from a normal force, which acts at right angles to the tangent and changes the direction of the motion without changing the velocity. Velocity: the time rate of change of position of a body in a specified direction. Vernal equinox : time of year (March 21st-22nd) at end of winter when day and night are of equal length; beginning of spring in the northern hemisphere. Winter Solstice : time of year at the end of fall when there is the least amount of daylight and most amount of dark in a day; the solstice that takes place on December 21st-22nd that marks the beginning of winter in the northern hemisphere.

23. THE END