The document summarizes intestinal obstruction in animals, including its classification, clinical signs, diagnosis, and treatment. Intestinal obstruction can be mechanical, functional, intraluminal, intramural, or congenital. Clinical signs depend on the location and severity of the obstruction. Diagnosis involves history, clinical examination, imaging like radiography and ultrasonography, and laboratory tests. Treatment involves fluid therapy, surgery to remove obstructions, and managing complications like strangulation and peritonitis.

1. INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION Mudasir Bashir DIVISION OF SURGERY AND RADIOLOGY-IVRI

7. Pathogenesis Obstruction Bowel distention (increased secretion reduced absorption, hypomotility) Gas production, lack of absorption Progressive distention, fluid accumulation, emesis Systemic dehydration Reduced venous return Poor tissue perfusion Obstruction of venules and lymphatics in bowel wall Edema of bowel wall Ischaemia of bowel wall Necrosis of bowel wall Enterotoxemia Death Rupture of bowel wall Peritonitis

17. Linear foreign body

19. Intussusception-Radiographic trident appearance Transverse Longitudinal

20. Laparoscopy (Intestinal polyps)

25. Polyps

26. Intestinal tumors

29. Intussusception ant ileo-caeco-colic junction

31. Intestinal volvulus

32. Intestinal volvulus

37. Causes of strangulation

38. Appearance of strangulated intestines in a horse suffering from colic

43. Enterotomy and Anastomosis

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