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BS 9999 Fire Engineering
1. Development of New Fire Safety Guidance BS 9999 Business Innovation Centre Ten Pound Walk Doncaster South Yorkshire DN4 5HX Tel: +44 (0) 1302 554910 Fax: +44 (0) 1302 554909
2. Fire Engineering Prescriptive approach to fire safety (AD-B) Combination of prescriptive and performance based Performance based solution
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5. Fire Engineering Objectives Evaluate specific passive fire protection systems Assessment of risks and hazards Occupancy profile Consideration of building type Management strategy Post fire investigation Specify the correct active fire protection system
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7. Occupancy Profile Serviced flats, halls of residence, sleeping, areas and boarding schools Long term managed occupancy Cii Individual flats without 24hr maintenance control on site Long term individual occupancy Ci Occupants who are likely to be asleep Ciii Hotels Short term occupancy C Shops, exhibitions, leisure centres and other assembly buildings Occupants who are awake and unfamiliar with the building B Office and Industrial buildings Occupants who are awake and familiar with the building A Examples Description Occupancy Characteristics
8. Fire Growth Rate 0.047 Baled thermoplastic chip, stacked plastic products Fast 3 0.188 Flammable liquids, foam Ultra Fast 4 0.012 Stacked cardboard boxes, wooden pallets Medium 2 0.0029 Banking Hall, limited combustible materials Slow 1 Fire Growth Rate Parameter kJ/m 3 Examples Fire Growth Rate Category
9. Risk Profiles Ultra Fast Fast Medium Slow Ultra Fast Fast Medium Slow Ultra Fast Fast Medium Slow B3 3 B2 2 B1 1 C B A A2 2 A3 3 A1 1 C4 4 C3 3 C2 2 C1 1 Occupants who are likely to be asleep B4 4 Occupants who are awake and unfamiliar with the building A4 4 A Occupants who are awake and familiar with the building Risk Profile Fire Growth rate Occupancy Characteristics
10. Common Examples Risk Profiles Bedrooms/ study bedroom Amusement Arcade Club Factory Production Area Exhibition Area Shopping Mall Classroom Business Centre Office Assembly Hall Cii2 B2 B2 A2/A3 B2/B3 B2 A2 B2 A2 B2 Dinning Room Meeting Room Kitchen Plant Room Office (closed plan) Shop Sales Area Storage & Warehouse Theatre Workshop Leisure Centre B1 B2 A3 A4 B2 B3 A4 B2 A3 B2
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13. BS 9999 – Travel Distances Additional 7 14 Ciii3 Achievable travel distances when minimum fire protection measures are installed 9 18 Cii2 13 27 Ci1 Not Allowed Not Allowed B4 Travel Distances 16 40 B3 20 50 B2 24 60 B1 14 30 A4 18 45 A3 22 55 A2 26 65 A1 One – way travel Two – way travel Risk Profile 9 18 30 90 13 27 18 37 20 60 24 75 28 90 18 45 22 60 24 75
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18. Building with a height of 11m but less than 18m Building with 2 or more basements with a floor area >900m 2 Shop, factory or assembly Building greater than 7.5m with a floor area >900m 2 Buildings greater than 18m in height Basement storey exceeds 10m in depth Escape Stair Unvented fire fighting lobby provided with a fire main Fire fighting Stair Fire fighting lobbies with Fire Main Fire fighting Lift Fire Service Access Level
22. BS 9999: Table 26 105 90 75 60 45 30 Cii2 or Ciii2 60 60 45 30 30 30 Cii1 or Ciii1 — — 120 105 90 60 Ci2 105 90 75 75 60 45 Ci1 — — — — — — B4 180 135 105 75 45 30 B3 120 90 75 60 30 30 B2 75 60 60 30 30 30 B1 — — — — — — A4 300 300 120 90 60 60 A3 150 120 90 60 30 30 A2 90 75 60 30 30 15 A1 More than 60 m Not more than 60 m Not more than 30 m Not more than 18 m Not more than 11 m Not more than 5 m Height of top occupied storey above access level Minimum periods of fire resistance, in minutes Risk profile 60 30 30 B2 30 30 30 B1 — — — A4 90 60 60 A3 60 30 30 A2 30 30 15 A1 Not more than 18 m Not more than 11 m Not more than 5 m Height of top occupied storey above access level (m) Minimum periods of fire resistance (min) Risk profile
25. Residential Sprinklers Misconception I have seen sprinklers in factories and they are ugly ? Sprinklers are expensive, I can't afford them ? Fire sprinklers cause a lot of water damage ? Smoke sets them off ? They can be damaged ? When a fire breaks out, all the sprinklers go off together ?
47. Thank You for your time We can, if you so wish, view some of your existing/new drawings for a totally FREE , and confidential, initial assessment of any project/development and whether we could help.
Hinweis der Redaktion
The first thing you will notice, is that the document has been split: Vol 1 Dwelling houses Vol 2 Buildings other than dwelling houses
Other keys issues within Vol 2 are: fire safety management relating to RRO fire risk assessment The inclusion of residential sprinklers And moe for disabled persons
The design objectives of the fire engineer is 2……. Post fire investigation – important as we learn a lot from real fire Building type – residential, office etc… Occupancy profile – what risk is present persons who are wide awake or asleep present different risks Fire protection systems – these can be off set against other requirements Assessment of risks – whether these can be reduced or removed Passive fire protection – whether these can be reduced Management strategy – to ensure that the RRO is satisfied this needs addressed
Using a combination of fire engineering solutions and guidance given within the revision of the adb which has been based on fire engineering principles, I have managed to provide a number of scenarios where effective solutions have been used.
This first appeared in the revised revision of the BS 5588 Part 5 2004, and has been introduced into the new ADB
I will go on to explain with the introduction of residential sprinklers into the revised ADB, and what impact these will have.
Other Changes in the ADB include: Clearer guidance on refuges Emergency voice communication Use of fire fighting lifts Warnings for people with impaired hearing Level exit thresholds Merging Flows Where a ground floor storey exit shares a final stair exit via a ground floor lobby method of calculation provided Phased Evac First people to be evacuated are all those of reduced mobility and those on the storey most immediately affected by the fire In tall buildings over 30m in height there is a potential that persons attempting to escape could be impeded by firefighters entering and operating within the building In some very tall buildings (45m +) physical measures may need to be incorporated into the building (e.g. by discounting a stair or by some other suitable means External Fire Spread A notional boundary is assumed to exist where: a . either or both of the buildings concerned are in the Residential or Assembly and Recreation Purpose Groups; or b . more than one building is constructed on the same site but is to be operated/managed by different organisations Internal Fire Mains Where a building, which has a compartment of 280m2 or more in area, is being built more than 100m from an existing fire-hydrant additional hydrants should be provided as follows; a. Buildings provided with fire mains hydrants should be provided within 90m of dry fire main inlets. b. Buildings not provided with fire mains hydrants should be provided within 90m of an entry point to the building and not more than 90m apart Dry Riser Main In the case of a building fitted with dry fire mains there should be access for a pumping appliance to within 18m of each fire main inlet connection point, typically on the face of the building . The inlet should be visible from the appliance.
