1. 11/3/2009 10.4 European Imperialism and the Scramble for Africa 1 The Scramble for Africa Chapter 25 section 2
2. 11/3/2009 10.4 European Imperialism and the Scramble for Africa 2 Topics The Scramble for Africa The Heart of Africa North Africa South Africa African resistance
4. 11/3/2009 10.4 European Imperialism and the Scramble for Africa 4 The Scramble for Africa Why Africa??? Exploration to Competition The Belgian Congo The Berlin Conference
7. 11/3/2009 10.4 European Imperialism and the Scramble for Africa 7 A. Why Africa??? Close to Europe. Europe valued African trade. Long history. Many established trading posts. African empires did not expect relationship to change.
8. 11/3/2009 10.4 European Imperialism and the Scramble for Africa 8 B. Exploration to Competition Early 1800’s Europeans began limited exploration of interior of Africa. Malaria Limited military power As science and military power improved, Africa became more vulnerable David Livingstone explored Central Africa for 30 years
9. 11/3/2009 10.4 European Imperialism and the Scramble for Africa 9 C. The Belgian Congo King Leopold II became interested in colonies by 1870’s Declared Congo region of Africa to be under Belgian control. Henry Stanley had helped Leopold to secure treaties with Africans to dominate region. This alarmed other European Nations and began a scramble for colonies.
11. 11/3/2009 10.4 European Imperialism and the Scramble for Africa 11 D. The Berlin Conference 1884 European countries feared war from competition. European countries could claim African land if they controlled strategic points. No African rulers were present. Europe also agreed to bring “Commerce, Christianity and Civilization” to Africa end slavery in Africa.
12. 11/3/2009 10.4 European Imperialism and the Scramble for Africa 12 II. The Heart of Africa King Leopold II Bring civilization to Africa Diplomacy to indirect control Abuses in the Congo
13. 11/3/2009 10.4 European Imperialism and the Scramble for Africa 13 A. King Leopold II Wanted to “civilize” Africa End the slave trade Really wanted the resources Had Henry Stanley sign 450 Treaties with African leaders to create a trade zone for Belgium This became known as the Congo free State
14. 11/3/2009 10.4 European Imperialism and the Scramble for Africa 14 B. Bring civilization to Africa King Leopold advocated the “Commerce, Christianity and Civilization” plan Adopted at Berlin Conference
15. 11/3/2009 10.4 European Imperialism and the Scramble for Africa 15 C. Diplomacy to indirect control Belgium passed laws claiming unused land as European Europe convinced African leaders to pass laws forcing African workers into mines and plantations. Taxes were used to force Africans into mines and plantations.
16. 11/3/2009 10.4 European Imperialism and the Scramble for Africa 16 D. Abuses in the Congo Pacification campaigns Forced taxes on Africans To build infrastructure for European business Change from food to cash crops Rubber instead of food Mass starvations Other human atrocities
17. 11/3/2009 10.4 European Imperialism and the Scramble for Africa 17 III. North Africa France in Algeria The Suez canal Britain and the Suez
18. 11/3/2009 10.4 European Imperialism and the Scramble for Africa 18 A. France in North Africa Took control of Algeria Large migration of French population Led to direct control Also led to brutal revolts in the 1950’s France also built Suez Canal Britain viewed canal as essential to their interests
21. 11/3/2009 10.4 European Imperialism and the Scramble for Africa 21 C. Britain and the Suez Civil fighting broke out in 1882 in Egypt. Supported by British Britain stepped in and established order. Made Egypt a protectorate Forced France out Britain and Egypt will invade the Sudan and make it into a condominium. To protect southern access to canal
22. 11/3/2009 10.4 European Imperialism and the Scramble for Africa 22 IV. South Africa The Boers British Interest The Boer War Second Class Citizens
23. 11/3/2009 10.4 European Imperialism and the Scramble for Africa 23 A. The Boers Boers came to South Africa. Strict Dutch , Calvinist Settlers. Believed they were a chosen people. Britain seized control in 1806. Boers disliked British rule. Began Great Trek into interior of Africa. Boers create 3 states. Natal, Transvaal and Orange Free state. Defeated Zulu groups to create them.
24. 11/3/2009 10.4 European Imperialism and the Scramble for Africa 24 B. British Interest Originally interested in ports for trade Gained control of coastline and port towns Content to leave Boers to interior Discovery of Diamonds will change this
26. 11/3/2009 10.4 European Imperialism and the Scramble for Africa 26 C. The Boer War Diamonds were discovered in Boer territory. Cecil Rhodes and other Brits enter interior. Boers resent this and hostilities increase. War breaks out. Britain wins the war but at great cost. South Africa will be part of the British empire. Boers will be able to govern themselves.
27. 11/3/2009 10.4 European Imperialism and the Scramble for Africa 27 D. Second Class Citizens Boers have home rule Become known as Afrikaners Despise ad hate local Black population African population forced to follow Apartheid Think Segregation
28. 11/3/2009 10.4 European Imperialism and the Scramble for Africa 28 V. African Resistance. Samouri Toure’ and the Mandingo Empire Menelik II and Ethiopia Liberia
29. 11/3/2009 10.4 European Imperialism and the Scramble for Africa 29 A. Samouri Toure’ and the Mandingo Empire Purchased weapons from European traders. Built his own weapon factory. Defended his territory for 6 years.
30. 11/3/2009 10.4 European Imperialism and the Scramble for Africa 30 B. Menelik II and Ethiopia Many European nations attempted treaties with Ethiopia. Menelik pitted them against each other. Also got European weapons. Mountains also protected Ethiopia.
31. 11/3/2009 10.4 European Imperialism and the Scramble for Africa 31 C. Liberia Was populated by former American slaves. European nations left it alone. Feared U.S. involvement in Africa.
32. 11/3/2009 10.4 European Imperialism and the Scramble for Africa 32 Terms To Know Berlin Conference of 1884 King Leopold II Suez Canal Menelik II Liberia Zulu Boers Great Trek Condominium
33. 11/3/2009 10.4 European Imperialism and the Scramble for Africa 33 Summary What event started the scramble for Africa? Describe King Leopold II’s motivations. What were the interests of the French and the British? What happened to the rights of Africans?
