1. DOE/EE/OBP Biomass Program Overview and Products R&D Western Regional Sun Grant Initiative Dr. Todd Werpy PNNL/DOE August 16, 2004

3. Program Goals Develop biorefinery-related technologies to the point that they are cost and performance competitive and are used by the nation’s transportation, energy, chemical, and power industries to meet their market objectives 2005: Demonstrate an integrated process for fuels production from biomass 2007: Complete technology development necessary to enable start-up demonstration of a biorefinery producing fuels, chemicals, and power 2010: Help U.S. industry to establish the first large-scale integrated biorefinery based on agricultural residues

4. Strategy: Remove Technical Barriers Thermo-Chemical Platform Sugar Platform Biomass CO, H 2 , Bio-oils Sugar Feedstocks & Lignin Residues Advanced Biomass Process R&D Technology Validation and Systems Integration “The Integrated Biorefinery” Mixed Sugars Syngas, Pyrolysis-oils Fuels, Chemicals, Materials, Heat & Power

6. Program Structure $6MM $5MM $16.9 MM $20 MM $21.7 MM Congressional Mandates - $41MM

9. An Example of a Grains Bio-refinery Corn Wet Mill starch corn oil corn gluten meal corn gluten feed food & industrial starches hydrolysis glucose fuel ethanol high fructose corn syrup fermentation sorbitol • foodstuffs • pharma . polyols isosorbide hydrogenation other citric acid lysine xanthan gums itaconic acid & other fermentation products industrial oils lactic acid PLA polymers • resins & plastics applications • polyesters • surfactants • pharmaceuticals deicers solvents coatings glycerol food oils feed oils Corn Wet Mill starch corn oil corn gluten meal corn gluten feed food & industrial starches hydrolysis glucose fuel ethanol high fructose corn syrup fermentation sorbitol foodstuffs pharma . polyols isosorbide hydrogenation Other sweeteners citric acid lysine xanthan gums itaconic acid & other fermentation products industrial oils lactic acid PLA polymers resins & plastics applications polyesters surfactants pharmaceuticals deicers solvents coatings glycerol food oils feed oils Phytochemicals C-5 Products Xylitol & polyols Bio-diesel Di-acids Epoxides Diols Diacids Polymers Vinyl Monomer Other Products Of Fermentation

10. Building the Biorefinery Current Portfolio Biomass Feedstock Starch Cellulose Lignin Hemi-Cellulose Oil Industrial Starches Protein Xylose Arabinose Glucose Liquid Fuels (EtOH) Lactic Acid PLA Xylitol Arabinitol Succinic Acid Itaconic Acid PG and EG 1,3-PDO Esters Isosorbide PG and EG 3-HP (Acrylic Acid) Liquid Fuels (EtOH) Polyols Pyrolyis Oil Gasification Animal Feed

13. Current Ethanol Process Corn Dry Grind Liquefaction Scarification Fermentation Primary Distillation Distillation Rectifier Molecular Sieves Centrifuge Triple Effect Evaporator DDG Dryer DDG Animal Feed Ethanol Solids 50% EtOH 95% EtOH 100% EtOH Liquids Water Recycle Solids

14. The Holistic Ethanol Facility Corn Quick Steep Scarification Filtration Fermentation Ethanol Recovery Molecular Sieves “ Fiber” Hydrolysis New DDG Animal Feed Ethanol Starch EtOH 95% EtOH 100% EtOH Germ Separation Fermentation Catalytic Conversions Gasification Fuel/Power EG, PG Glycerol, Etc Itaconic Succinic, Etc Oil

18. 5-Carbon Building Blocks C5 Itaconic acid Furfural Levulinic acid Glutamic acid Xylonic acid Xylitol/Arabitol Methyl succinate derivatives (see above), unsaturated esters Many furan derivatives  -aminolevulinate, 2-Methyl THF, 1,4-diols, esters, succinate EG, PG, glycerol, lactate, hydroxy furans, sugar acids Amino diols, glutaric acid,substituted pyrrolidones Lactones, esters

19. Itaconic Acid Itaconic acid 3-Methyl THF 2-Methyl-1,4-BDO 3- & 4-Methyl-GBL 2-Methyl-1,4-butaneiamine Itaconic diamide 3 - & 4-Methyl NMP And other pyrrolidones 3-Methylpyrrolidine Styrene-butadiene copolymers

21. Value-Added Building Blocks Derived From Sugars xylitol/arabinitol sorbitol glycerol 3-hydroxybutyrolactone levulinic acid itaconic acid glutamic acid glucaric acid aspartic acid 3 hydroxy propionic acid 2,5 furan dicarboxylic acid 1,4 succinic, fumaric and malic acids Building Blocks