14. Table 1: Empirical Evidence supporting the role of specific fathers factors in the risk of physical child abuse and neglect. Paternal Factor Indirect Evidence Direct Correlational Evidence Causal Pathway Identified Socioeconomic factors: Absence X Low Income X Unemployed X Job or Major financial loss X Young Age X Psychosocial factors: X Substance abuse X Family-of-origin maltreatment X Support/undermining of mother X Violence toward mother X Direct provision of child care X