The document provides an overview of World War I, including its causes, key events, tactics, weapons, and aftermath. It discusses the rise of nationalism and militarism in Europe, the system of alliances that drew more countries into the war, and new technologies like machine guns, tanks, planes, submarines and chemical weapons that industrialized warfare. Trench warfare led to mass casualties with little movement on the Western Front until the final Allied offensive in 1918. The document also summarizes the Treaty of Versailles that formally ended the war, imposing punitive terms on Germany.

4. Europe in 1914 The Balkans "Powder Keg"

7. The Schlieffen Plan Why did the Schlieffen Plan not work as planned? Paris France Germany Belgium

8. Information or material spread to advance a cause, or damage an opponent’s cause. What are some of the methods that were used to spread propaganda? What is one of the ways that governments would try to gain support from it’s citizens for the war effort? PROPAGANDA

9. Radios Newspapers Magazines Movies Posters Newsreels

12. Propaganda Posters

13. What ideas about war are reflected in these images? British, French and Australian Posters.

16. Patterns of War Western front – A series of trenches ran from the Belgian coast to the Swiss mountains. Eastern front – Mainly in western portions of Russia *After 1915, Italy joined on the side of the Allies as they were wooed by promises of territory from Austria and the Middle East. A third Italian front developed between the Italians and the Austrians.

17. Trench Warfare Trench warfare allowed little advance from either side creating a stalemate. By 1916 the Germans lost 850,000 men, the French 700,000 and the British 410,000 with neither side advancing.

18. C. R. W. Nevinson, Paths of Glory (1917) Otto Dix Shock Troop Advancing under Gas Attack (1923) Do you think Nevinson and Dix are artists who created paintings of patriotism and innocence or paintings of firsthand experiences? Explain. How do these images differ from the propaganda posters?

19. What is being asked of the citizens that makes this war a total war ? WWI was one of the world’s first examples of a ____________. A ____________ is a conflict in which the participating countries devote all their resources to the war effort. A New Type of Warfare Total War Total War

21. Weapons of The Great War

22. Battle of Waterloo, 1815

23. Franco-Prussian War, 1870

24. The Zulu War, 1879

25. Spanish American War, 1898

26. What is similar in all of these wars? Muskets swords/bayonets cannons horses, colorful uniforms hand-to-hand combat open field fighting death

27. What new weapon do you think will change warfare forever? The Automatic Machine Gun

28. Mounted guns fired a rapid, continuous stream of bullets.

29. Machine guns made it possible for a few gunners to mow down waves of soldiers. This helped create a stalemate by making it difficult to advance across no man’s land. Automatic machine gun

30. What could you do to protect yourself against the machine gun? A) Send fastest men to run in a zig-zag formation, elude machine gun fire and kill the enemy. B) Use airplanes to soar above the enemy, shooting them from the sky. C) Dig a trench in the ground and wait for enough men to overcome the enemy. D) Use tanks to attack the enemy.

31. TANKS Would the tank be an effective weapon during World War I?

32. Armored vehicle that travels on a track allowing it to cross many kinds of terrain.

33. Protected advancing troops as they broke through enemy defenses. Early tanks were not used often because they were slow and clumsy. Early British Tank Early French Tank NOT EFFECTIVE!

34. AIRPLANES Invented in 1903, would the airplane be an effective weapon during World War I?

35. One or two seat propeller plane equipped with machine gun and bombs.

36. At first, mainly used for observation. Later, flying “Aces” engaged in individual combat, though such “dogfights” had little effect on war . NOT EFFECTIVE!

37. Is Trench Warfare the Answer?

38. Trench Life Australians resting up in a dug-out are sheltered from shelling 15 feet underground during the Battle of the Somme, July 1916.

39. Horrors of the Trench What conditions and hardships do you think the soldiers had to endure?

40. Trenches were filled with dead bodies, rodents, lice, water, poison gas, and boredom which resulted in trench fever and…

41. Trench Foot!

42. Trench Foot: The Sequel!

43. POISON GAS How effective would poison gas be during World War I?

44. NEW YORK TIMES, 1915 “ Boulogne, April 25. -- The gaseous vapor which the Germans used against the French divisions near Ypres last Thursday, contrary to the rules of The Hague Convention, introduces a new element into warfare.” “ The attack of last Thursday evening was preceded by the rising of a cloud of vapor, greenish gray and iridescent. That vapor settled to the ground like a swamp mist and drifted toward the French trenches on a brisk wind.” “ Its effect on the French was a violent nausea and faintness, followed by an utter collapse. It is believed that the Germans, who charged in behind the vapor, met no resistance at all, the French at their front being virtually paralyzed.”

45. Lobbed by missile into enemy trenches, killing or disabling troops.

46. Various gases that caused choking, blinding, or severe skin blisters; Gas masks protect soldiers from poison gas. “ Whazzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz UP!” How can you defend against Poison Gas?

47. Development of gas masks lessened the importance of poison gas.

49. WEAPONS FROM THE TRENCH Periscope guns from the trenches Mortar guns

50. FLAMETHROWERS

51. Horse drawn ambulance Field Telephones Long Range Guns

52. Barbed Wire Fences Why do you think barbed wire fences would be effective?

53. Balloons and Zeppelins

54. ANIMALS AT WAR

55. Pigeons World War I Pigeons Decorated For Heroism in Battle. Dispatches by pigeon-post: About to release a French Army bird with a message for headquarters.

56. Goat mascot preparing for battle!

57. 1. What WWI weapons and tactics do you see in the film clip? (Name at least FIVE!) 2. Pretend you are one of the three brothers. Write an EIGHT word sentence describing your experience in the war. _______ ___ ______ ____ _______ ____ _______ ______ Trapped in barbed wire, Samuel was gunned down. As you watch the clip from Legends of the Fall, look to answer the following questions: Movie Clip

58. Fall of Spanish Armada, 1588 Changes in Naval Warfare

59. War of 1812

60. American Civil War, 1863

61. Spanish American War, 1898

62. What aspects of the navy have changed over time? Wooden ships sails, masts cannons Iron ships steam powered cannons, guns

63. What new invention would change naval battles forever? The U-Boat or Submarine

64. Underwater ship that can launch torpedoes, or guided underwater bombs. German U-Boat Surfacing

65. Used by Germany to destroy allied shipping. U-boat attacks helped bring the United States into the war.

67. The War Outside Europe British dominions (Canada, Australia, New Zealand) –Sent forces. African Colonies – Skirmishes fought over German colonies in Africa, involving Africans as colonial troops. France also used Africans in its armies on the European front. Japan – Entered the war on the side of Britain and France. Japan moved into German holdings in China’s Shantung province. China – Declared war on Germany in 1917, hoping not to be ignored by the European powers. India – Large numbers of troops fought for the British in Europe. Hoped that it would lead to India’s freedom.

68. Middle East Middle East – Allied with Germany. The war weakened the already weak empire. The British sponsored a rebellion by Arab nationalists against their Ottoman overlords. They also promised support to Jewish settlers in Israel in the Balfour Declaration of 1917. Dear Lord Rothschild: I have much pleasure in conveying to you on behalf of His Majesty's Government, the following declaration of sympathy with Jewish Zionist aspirations which has been submitted to, and approved by, the Cabinet: His Majesty's Government view with favor the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavors to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country. I should be grateful if you would bring this declaration to the knowledge the Zionist Federation. Yours, Arthur James Balfour

69. The United States United States – Maintained a policy of noninvolvement, yet economically were benefiting by selling goods. Sinking of the Lusitania – German submarine warfare affected Americans. Zimmerman Letter – Germany sent a letter to Mexico encouraging them to fight the U.S. The letter was intercepted. The United States entered the war against Germany in 1917.

71. Russia Leaves The War 1918 – Russia gets out of the war. They sign the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany. This gives the Germans territories in western Russia in exchange for peace.

72. The American Presence FRANCE St. Mihiel Argonne Forest PARIS

73. Battle of the Argonne Forest

74. Last Night of the War , 10-11 Nov 1918

75. An Armistice is Declared Germany put their all into an attack on March 21 st 1918. For several months the offensive pushed the Allies back, but in July the Germans were stopped at the Second Battle of the Marne. The Allied counter-offensive began in August and in what became known as the Last Hundred Days, they pushed the Germans back. Germany sought an armistice which came into effect at 11 a.m. on November 11, 1918.

77. THE BIG FOUR lloyd George Victorio Orlando Victor Clemenceau Woodrow Wilson Jan. 18, 1919 - Peace Conference opens in Paris

79. The Treaty of Versailles Lasting-Peace Peace-Revenge Germany pays reparations, Poland is created, Creation of the League of Nations, War-Guilt clause, Alsace-Lorraine to France, Germany forbidden to join League, France controls Rhineland, Arms limitation, Polish corridor established, no secret alliances Germany lost territory Arms Limitation Creation of the League of Nations Polish Corridor established France controls Rhineland Poland is created War-Guilt clause- Blame Germany pays Reparations Germany lost Territory Germany forbidden to join League No secret alliances Alsace-Lorraine to France

81. EUROPE: 1919