1. World War II Begins!

2. Video Clip:
The Nazis Conquer Western Europe
April: As the Nazis began their conquest of Western Europe; they invaded
______________, _____________, Belgium, Holland, and Luxemburg
and now move into France. Italy attacks France from the south.
Norway Denmark

3. Dunkirk Evacuated
June 4, 1940
Over 300,000 French Troops were successfully evacuated out of France.
Navy ships were hastily gathered and sent to the port of Dunkirk.
Troops waited their turn to be evacuated.
At the port, ships and beaches came under increasing aerial attack,
civilian small boats were sent across to help take men.

4. France Falls!
In May 1940, the Germans
attacked France. the French army
was caught off guard. Although
both armies were about equal in
strength in terms of troops and
tanks, the Germans had superior
numbers of aircraft and an
invasion plan.
The blitzkrieg sent French forces
into a confused retreat, and as the
Germans marched into Paris on
June 14, the French government
collapsed.

5. France
Surrenders
June, 1940

6. United States and Neutrality
The United States is
sympathetic to the Allies but
___________ control the
Congress. Roosevelt’s
(FDR’s) Fireside Chats
assure that the U.S. will
remain ________.
________________: The
U.S. will sell arms to Allies
for cash only and goods had
to be picked up by the
Allies.
isolationists
neutral
Cash And Carry

7. The War in Great Britain
In summer of 1940, the German ____________________ hit London
with the Blitz, with bombing raids on the capital and dogfights in its sky
during the _________________________________.Battle of Britain
luftwaffe

8. Royal Air Force SceneRoyal Air Force Scene

9. Battle of Britain:
The “Blitz”

10. Battle of Britain:
The “Blitz”

11. The London “Tube”:
Air Raid Shelters during the Blitz

12. The Royal Air Force

13. British Prime Minister
Winston Churchill

15. 1941
March: _______________: The U.S. lends weapons to
Britain who agrees to pay later.
Lend-Lease Act

16. The Nazis Invade Russia
During the fall and early winter of 1941, German armored divisions had
advanced toward _______________ at a rapid pace, capturing hundreds
of thousands of Soviet troops in the process.
Stalingrad

17. Operation Barbarossa:
Hitler’s Biggest Mistake

18. Operation Barbarossa:
June 22, 1941
 3,000,000 German soldiers.3,000,000 German soldiers.
 3,400 tanks.3,400 tanks.

19. The Atlantic Charter
 Roosevelt and Churchill sign treatyRoosevelt and Churchill sign treaty
of friendship in August 1941.of friendship in August 1941.
 Solidifies alliance.Solidifies alliance.
 Fashioned after Wilson’s 14 Points.Fashioned after Wilson’s 14 Points.
 Calls for League of Nations typeCalls for League of Nations type
organization.organization.
Roosevelt and Churchill set goals for the
postwar world in the ________________.
Some of the terms include: That no country
seeks territorial gain, the support of the right
of people to choose their own government
and establish a system of world security. It
also warned Germany that the U.S. Would not
remain _______ for much longer.
Roosevelt and Churchill set goals for the
postwar world in the ________________.
Some of the terms include: That no country
seeks territorial gain, the support of the right
of people to choose their own government
and establish a system of world security. It
also warned Germany that the U.S. Would not
remain _______ for much longer.neutral
Atlantic Charter

20. Turning Point:
Stalingrad
During the fall and early winter of
1941, German armored divisions had
advanced toward Moscow at a rapid
pace, capturing hundreds of thousands
of Soviet troops in the process.
But by the first week of December,
snow began falling, and temperatures
plunged to -40° F. The German
soldiers, not dressed for winter
weather, were freezing and losing their
will to fight. Their equipment also
froze, becoming useless. The Russian
winter finally accomplished what its
military had failed to do: It halted the
German offensive.
Results: 90% of City was in ruins. German army on defensive, 90,000
soldiers surrendered (only 5,000 later returned.)

21. Enemy at the Gates
Watch film clip about the Battle of
Stalingrad.

22. Axis Powers in 1942

23. Video Clip:
American Relations With Japan
The United States refuses to sell oil and scrap metal to _______.
December 7: Japan bombs the U.S. naval base at ____________, Hawaii,
wiping out battleships, aircraft carriers, planes and killing 1500
Americans.
December 8: The U.S. declares war on Japan and thus enters the war on
Japan
Pearl Harbor

24. Pacific Theater of Operations
- Seized Hong
Kong and Malaya
-
Conquered
Singapore and the
Dutch East Indies
(islands of Java,
Sumatra, Borneo,
and Celebes)
- Took Burma
(between China
and India)
- Captured the
Philippines
- Seized Hong
Kong and Malaya
-
Conquered
Singapore and the
Dutch East Indies
(islands of Java,
Sumatra, Borneo,
and Celebes)
- Took Burma
(between China
and India)
- Captured the
Philippines
Japan had conquered more than 1 million square miles of land
with about 150 million people.

25. Pearl Harbor

26. Pearl Harbor - Dec. 7, 1941
A date which will live in infamy!

27. Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto

28. Pearl Harbor from the Cockpit
of a Japanese Pilot

29. President Roosevelt Signs the
US Declaration of War

30. USS Arizona, Pearl Harbor

31. Pearl Harbor Memorial
2,887 Americans Dead!2,887 Americans Dead!

32. Turning Point: Pearl HarborTurning Point: Pearl Harbor
On Sunday, December 7, 1941, Japanese aircraft initiated a surprise attack on the
United States Pacific Fleet at Hawaii’s Pearl Harbor. The Japanese hoped to cripple the
American fleet, which they perceived as the principal threat to victory in a war against
the United States. Within a few hours the Japanese had destroyed four battleships and
damaged four more, including the USS Arizona (pictured), destroyed other naval
vessels and a large number of combat aircraft, and killed and wounded many American
naval and military personnel.

33. United States Declares WarUnited States Declares War
On December 8, 1941, the day after the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, U.S.
President Franklin Roosevelt addressed a joint session of Congress and asked for a
declaration of war against Japan. Roosevelt called December 7th
“a date which will live in infamy.”

34. Pacific Theater of Operations
- Seized Hong- Seized Hong
Kong and MalayaKong and Malaya
--
ConqueredConquered
Singapore and theSingapore and the
Dutch East IndiesDutch East Indies
(islands of Java,(islands of Java,
Sumatra, Borneo,Sumatra, Borneo,
and Celebes)and Celebes)
- Took Burma- Took Burma
(between China(between China
and India)and India)
- Captured the- Captured the
PhilippinesPhilippines
Japan had conquered more than 1 million square
miles of land with about 150 million people.

35. Singapore Surrenders
[February, 1942]

36. U.S. Surrenders at Corregidor,
the Philippines [March, 1942]

37. Bataan Death March: April, 1942
76,000 prisoners [12,000 Americans]76,000 prisoners [12,000 Americans]
Marched 60 miles in the blazing heat to POWMarched 60 miles in the blazing heat to POW
camps in the Philippines.camps in the Philippines.
Film Clip
2:41-
7:00

38. Bataan: British Soldiers
A LiberatedA Liberated
British POWBritish POW

39. Island Hopping in the Pacific!Island Hopping in the Pacific!

40. Island Hopping Strategy SuccessfulIsland Hopping Strategy Successful
Led by Douglas McArthur, the United States began an island-hopping
campaign that would push the Japanese back to Japan.
Midway,
1942
Iwo Jima,
1944-45
Guadalcanal,
1942-43
Philippines,
1944
Okinawa,
1945

41. Turning Point: MidwayTurning Point: Midway
The Battle of Midway was a victory
for American forces and marked a
turning point in the Pacific theater
during World War II. The battle was
fought in the waters off the Midway
Islands in June 1942 between United
States land-and carrier-based planes
and Japanese carrier-based planes.
The Japanese lost four aircraft
carriers, two cruisers, and three
destroyers. The Americans lost the
aircraft carrier Yorktown and one
destroyer.

42. Battle of Midway Island:
June 4-6, 1942

43. Allied Counter-Offensive:
“Island-Hopping”

44. “Island-Hopping”: US Troops
on Kwajalien Island

45. A VoiceFrom ThePastA VoiceFrom ThePast
“Hell was furry red spiders as big as yourfist, giant lizards as long as
yourleg, leeches falling from trees to suck blood, armies of white ants
with bites of fire, scurrying scorpions inflaming any flesh they touched,
enormous rats and bats everywhere, and rivers with waiting crocodiles.
Hell was the sour, foul smell of the squishy jungle, humidity that
rotted a body within hours…Hell was an enemy…so fanatic that it
used its own dead as booby traps.”

46. Gen. MacArthur “Returns” to
the Philippines! [1944]

47. Leyte IslandLeyte Island
AfterGuadalcanal, theAfterGuadalcanal, the
Japanese advances in theJapanese advances in the
Pacific had been stopped.Pacific had been stopped.
American ground troopsAmerican ground troops
continued to push toward thecontinued to push toward the
Philippines, landing at LeytePhilippines, landing at Leyte
Island in October1944.Island in October1944.
The Japanese used nearly theirThe Japanese used nearly their
entire fleet againstentire fleet against
MacArthur’s troops in theMacArthur’s troops in the
battles of Leyte Gulf, makingbattles of Leyte Gulf, making
this the largest navalthis the largest naval
engagement in history.engagement in history.
Despite the impressiveDespite the impressive
showing by the Japanese,showing by the Japanese,
____________________________________________________
the Allied forcesthe Allied forces
prevailed.prevailed.

48. MacARTHUR’S PROCLAMATION “IHAVERETURNED”
Original copy of General Douglas MacArthur’s message to the Filipino
people which he read at Palo Beach, Leyte on October20, 1944.

49. Victory With A Steep PriceVictory With A Steep Price
Such victories in the Pacific did not come easy. While theSuch victories in the Pacific did not come easy. While the
Allies captured the key city of Manila in March, 1945,Allies captured the key city of Manila in March, 1945,
fierce Japanese resistance prevented them from fullyfierce Japanese resistance prevented them from fully
conquering the islands until July, at the horrific cost ofconquering the islands until July, at the horrific cost of
60,000 American lives.60,000 American lives.
Even as the Japanese suffered defeat aftercrushing defeat,Even as the Japanese suffered defeat aftercrushing defeat,
the imperial forces seemed only to increase theirresistance.the imperial forces seemed only to increase theirresistance.

50. Turning Points: Africa and ItalyTurning Points: Africa and Italy
Operation Torch,
1942-43 El Alamein,
1942-43
Invasion of Sicily
and Italy, 1943
Operation Overlord
(D-Day), 1944

51. Invasion of AfricaInvasion of Africa
German Forces had been moving across the North African desert
under the command of _____________________
(nicknamed the “Desert Fox”). North Africa was considered
the gateway to Italy.
1. Allies launch “_____________________________” - a
surprise attack on German troops. Led by American
_____________________________
Results: ________________________Rommel’s troops defeated and
pushed out of Northern Africa
Operation Torch
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Erwin Rommel

52. Invasion of ItalyInvasion of Italy
Patton (farthest left) comes ashore after
the 1st Divison saved the beachead on
Sicily from a massive German
counterattack
At the Casablanca Conference
held in January 1943,
Winston Churchill and
Franklin D. Roosevelt decided
to launch an invasion of Sicily.
It was hoped that if the island
was taken Italy might
withdraw from the war. It
was also argued that a
successful invasion would
force Adolf Hitler to send
troops from the Eastern Front
and help to relieve pressure
on the Red Army in the Soviet
Union .

53. PattonPatton
"No bastard ever won a war by dying for his
country.
He won it by making the other poor dumb bastard
die for his country."

54. Liberation of Sicily!Liberation of Sicily!
On 17th August 1943, General George Patton and his troops marched
into Messina. The capture of the island made it possible to clear the
way for Allied shipping in the Mediterranean. It also helped to
undermine the power of Benito Mussolini and Victor Emmanuel III
forced him to resign.

55. Invasion of Italy!Invasion of Italy!
Results: By September 1943, Allied forces defeated Italian forces who
withdrew from the war. In 1945, Mussolini attempted to escape to
Switzerland, only to be captured and executed by Communist Italian
partisans. His body was taken to Milan where it was hung upside
down at a petrol station for public viewing.
Allied soldiers at foot of Monte Cassino
Mussolini’s body hung
upside down for public
viewing

56. Operation OverlordOperation Overlord
By the spring of 1944 anBy the spring of 1944 an
elaborate plan--code-namedelaborate plan--code-named
Operation Overlord --wasOperation Overlord --was
secretly in place to launchsecretly in place to launch
the attack.the attack.
The Allies, led by AmericanThe Allies, led by American
General Dwight EisenhowerGeneral Dwight Eisenhower
faced an enemy determinedfaced an enemy determined
to keep them from landingto keep them from landing
successfully anywhere alongsuccessfully anywhere along
the western Europeanthe western European
coastline.coastline.

57. To ensure against such a landing, Hitler ordered Field Marshal Erwin
Rommel to complete the Atlantic Wall --2,400 miles of fortifications
made up of concrete bunkers, barbed wire, tank ditches, landmines,
fixed gun emplacements, and beach and underwater obstacles.
These obstacles were specially designed to rip out the bottoms of landing
craft or blow them up before they reached the shore.

58. More than 150,000 men, a fleet of 5,000 ships and
landing craft, 50,000 vehicles, and 11,000 planes were
ready to secretly cross the English Channel. This force
was the largest armada in history!

59. D-Day:D-Day: Operation OverlordOperation Overlord
On June 6, 1944, a force of about 152,000 Allied soldiers from the UnitedOn June 6, 1944, a force of about 152,000 Allied soldiers from the United
States, Britain, and Canada stormed the beaches of Normandy inStates, Britain, and Canada stormed the beaches of Normandy in
northern France, where they were supported by about 23,000northern France, where they were supported by about 23,000
paratroopers.paratroopers.

60. "In wartime, truth is so precious that she must always"In wartime, truth is so precious that she must always
be attended by a bodyguard of lies."be attended by a bodyguard of lies."
Winston Churchill, 1943Winston Churchill, 1943
The main objective of the Allied deception strategy was to convince the
Germans that an invasion would indeed take place-but not at Normandy.
The most obvious choice for an invasion site was Calais, located at the
narrowest part of the English Channel, only 22 miles from Britain. Hitler
was almost certain that the Allies would attack here.
This 25-pound
gun and its
carriage were
made from
plywood

61. Military Decoy

62. The Allies encouraged Hitler's
belief by employing an ingenious
ruse. Throughout southeastern
England they built phony armies,
complete with dummy planes,
ships, tanks, and jeeps. With the
help of British and American
motion picture crews, they created
entire army bases that would look
authentic to German
reconnaissance aircraft. These
"bases" gave the impression of a
massive Allied buildup in
preparations for an invasion of
France at Calais.
The ruse worked. Hitler ordered a heavy concentration of
troops and artillery in the Pas de Calais region. In doing so he
left Normandy less heavily defended.
A Sherman tank
made from
inflatable rubber

63. Result: The Allied forces were
successful in gaining a foothold in
Northern France. On August 25th
,
1944 the Allied forces had liberated
France and began pushing German
forces back.

64. D-Day was the largest seaborne invasion in history. The invasion at
Normandy took the Germans by surprise, because they expected an
invasion from the narrowest part of the English Channel. The Germans
fought the invasion fiercely, but by the end of the day, all five beaches
were secured by the Allies.

65. What if it Failed?What if it Failed?
The invasion at Normandy brought on the
beginning of the end for Hitler and his Nazis.
Had the invasion failed:
• Hitler would have been able to pull troops
from France to strengthen his Eastern Front
against the encroaching Soviet Union.
• A second Allied invasion into France would
have taken more than a year to plan, supply,
and assemble.
• Hitler, meanwhile, would have further
strengthened his Atlantic Wall, his newly
developed V-1 flying bombs and V-2 rockets
would have continued to rain down on
England from launching pads across the
Channel,
•The Nazis' Final Solution against European
Jews might well have succeeded completely.

66. European Theater of Operations

67. The “BigThe “Big
Three”Three”
A meeting in Tehrān, Iran, in 1943 was held to discuss the military strategy
and post-World War II policy for Europe. The leaders decided to invade
France in 1944, against Churchill’s recommendations. The meeting marked
the apex of the East-West wartime alliance.
Joseph Stalin, Franklin
D. Roosevelt, and
Winston Churchill

68. Battle of the BulgeBattle of the Bulge
• The Battle of the Bulge whichThe Battle of the Bulge which
lasted from December 16,lasted from December 16,
1944 to January 28, 1945 was1944 to January 28, 1945 was
thethe largest landlargest land battle ofbattle of
World War II in which theWorld War II in which the
United States participated.United States participated.
More than a million menMore than a million men
fought in this battle includingfought in this battle including
some 600,000 Germans,some 600,000 Germans,
500,000 Americans, and500,000 Americans, and
55,000 British.55,000 British.
• At the conclusion of theAt the conclusion of the
battle the casualties were asbattle the casualties were as
follows: 81,000 U.S. withfollows: 81,000 U.S. with
19,000 killed, 1400 British19,000 killed, 1400 British
with 200 killed, and 100,000with 200 killed, and 100,000
Germans killed, wounded orGermans killed, wounded or
captured.captured.

69. Battle of the BulgeBattle of the Bulge

70. The Battle of Berlin
•By April 1, 1945, the Russians
were outside Berlin. They built up
for two weeks, knowing that Berlin
would be heavily contested.
•Berlin’s fate was sealed, but the
resistance continued. The Soviets
sustained 305,000 dead; the
Germans sustained as many as
325,000, including civilians.
•On April 30, Adolf Hitler married
Eva Braun, took cyanide and shot
himself.
•Berlin surrendered on May 2.
Soviet soldiers ransacked the city,
raping 100,000 German women of
all ages and looting anything of
value.
The Battle of Berlin was over, and with it went the
Third Reich. The thousand-year Reich had lasted
for twelve years, and 50 million people were dead.
The German Surrender was signed on May 7 in
Rheims, France.
Downfall Clip Film Clip

71. Hitler Commits Suicide
April 30, 1945
The FThe Füührer’shrer’s
BunkerBunker
Cyanide & PistolsCyanide & Pistols
Mr. & Mrs. HitlerMr. & Mrs. Hitler Film Clip

72. Hitler in Buenos Aires??

73. The Yalta ConferenceThe Yalta Conference
In February 1945 the leaders of the Allied powers, known as the Big
Three, met at Yalta on the Crimean Peninsula to discuss Allied
military strategy in the final months of World War II.

74. VE-DAY, May 8, 1945VE-DAY, May 8, 1945
Winston Churchill acknowledges crowd on VE-Day.
VE Day marks the day of the Allies’ victory in Europe
during World War II. After 3½ years of war, Nazi
Germany surrendered unconditionally in 1945.

75. War in Europe Ends!War in Europe Ends!

76. Pacific WarPacific War
Battles On!Battles On!
Kamikaze, which in Japanese means “divine wind,” were suicide
squadrons organized by the Japanese air force in the last months of
World War II. Pilots flew their aircraft, loaded with explosives, directly
into U.S. naval vessels.
Kamikaze pilots, sacrificing their lives in a last-ditch effort to stop the
American advance, sank about 40 U.S. ships.

77. Kamikaze PilotsKamikaze Pilots

78. Japanese Kamikaze Planes:
The Scourge of the South Pacific
Kamikaze PilotsKamikaze Pilots
SuicideSuicide
BombersBombers
Kamikaze pilots, sacrificing theirlives in a
last-ditch effort to stop the American
advance, sank about 40 U.S. ships.

79. US Marines on Mt. Surbachi,
Iwo Jima [Feb. 19, 1945]

80. Battle of Iwo JimaBattle of Iwo Jima
In March of 1945,
American marines
gained control of the
tiny, but strategically
located, island of
Iwo Jima. Iwo Jima
is just 660 miles
from Tokyo. This
victory came after
losing more than
20,000 more soldiers
than they had ever
lost in a single
battle.

81. Harry TrumanHarry Truman
When Franklin Roosevelt died on April 12,
1945, Harry Truman came into office. The
European war was coming to an end, and he was
left to concentrate on the war in the Pacific. The
only obstacle that the United States needed to
overcome was _________________________.
Although much of the Japanese naval fleet and
air force had been destroyed by Allied raids,
their ancient _________________ tradition
prevented a surrender. Therefore, an Allied
victory would create extremely high casualties;
military advisors predicted that an invasion of
Japan would cost over ____________________
American lives. This fact put Truman in a very
difficult position.
Japan
Shinto
500,000

82. Atomic BombAtomic Bomb
On August 6, 1945, during World War
II, the United States dropped the first
atomic bomb on Hiroshima, a Japanese
city and military center. The blast
destroyed 68 percent of the city and
damaged another 24 percent. An
estimated 60,000 to 70,000 people
were killed or reported missing,
according to U.S. estimates, and
thousands more were made homeless.
Sixteen hours after the attack, U.S.
President Harry S. Truman’s report of
the event was broadcast to radio
listeners.
Aftermath and Impact

83. NagasakiNagasaki
Three days later, on August 9th
, a second bomb was dropped on the city
of Nagasaki. Over 40,000 people died instantly. In the successive
weeks, thousands more Japanese died from the after effects of the
_______________ exposure of the blast.radiation

84. VJ-Day: The War is Over!VJ-Day: The War is Over!
Japanese officials formally surrendered to the Allies on September 2,
1945, aboard the United States battleship Missouri. Japan's surrender
brought an end to World War II (1939-1945).

85. hh
ee
ww
aa
rr
!!

86. Mass Destruction in the 20th
Century
“The Holocaust and the dropping of the atomic
bomb are both inexcusable violent acts against
innocent people that should have been prevented.”
Do Now:Do Now:

87. Reasons and Motivations
• Extreme Nationalism (Fascism) of Nazi Germany
• Scapegoating and Anti-Semitism – Blaming Jews for
problems in Germany. Used propaganda to spread hatred.

88. Methods and Strategies
• Nuremberg Laws
(1935)
• Kristallnacht,
Night of Broken Glass
(1938)
Stage One: Legislation and Acts of Violence
Stage Two: Ghettos
1939: All possessions of Jews in Germany and Poland
were taken and they were forced to reside in sections of the
city called “Ghettos.”

89. Methods and Strategies
Jews were deported from Ghettos
to the camps to carry out plans
for their “final Solution”
Stage Three: Deportation
Stage Four: Concentration Camps
Victims went through selection
process: some were put to work,
others were killed by poison gas and
their bodies were burned in ovens.

90. CrematoriaCrematoria
atat
MajdanekMajdanek
Entrance toEntrance to
AuschwitzAuschwitz
Aftermath and Impact
Death – 6 million Jews
and 5 million others
were killed.

91. Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed
Mass Graves at Bergen-BelsenMass Graves at Bergen-Belsen

92. Horrors of the Holocaust
Exposed

93. The Manhattan ProjectThe Manhattan Project
Dr. RobertDr. Robert
OppenheimerOppenheimer
I am become
death,
the shatterer
of worlds!
Film Clip
President HarryPresident Harry
TrumanTruman
1. How should President Truman end the war? What are
his options?
2. What are the objections toward using the atomic bomb?
1. How should President Truman end the war? What are
his options?
2. What are the objections toward using the atomic bomb?

94. Reasons and Motivations
• Extreme nationalism
and militarism of
Japanese
• Military who refused
to surrender.
• Kamikaze pilots were
killing American
soldiers and causing
damage to U.S. ships.
•Risk of Land invasion – Americans calculated over
1 million American and Japanese casualties
•Need to end war before Stalin and Soviet Union
could arrive to help.

95. Method and Strategy
Little Boy Fat ManLittle Boy Fat Man
Used the crew of the
Enola Gay to drop first
bomb on Hiroshima

96. Col. Paul Tibbets & the A-Bomb

97. Hiroshima – August 6, 1945Hiroshima – August 6, 1945
© 70,000 killed70,000 killed
immediately.immediately.
© 48,000 buildings.48,000 buildings.
destroyed.destroyed.
© 100,000s died of100,000s died of
radiation poisoning &radiation poisoning &
cancer later.cancer later.
Aftermath and Impact

98. © 40,000 killed40,000 killed
immediately.immediately.
© 60,000 injured.60,000 injured.
© 100,000s died of100,000s died of
radiation poisoningradiation poisoning
& cancer later.& cancer later.
Nagasaki
August 9, 1945
Nagasaki
August 9, 1945
Aftermath and Impact

99. Japanese A-Bomb Survivors

100. Hiroshima Memorials

101. Costs of the WarCosts of the War
• Mass DestructionMass Destruction
• 40 Million dead – 25 million wounded40 Million dead – 25 million wounded
• Europe, USSR, North Africa, East Africa wereEurope, USSR, North Africa, East Africa were
destroyeddestroyed
• Major cities in ruins – Berlin, Paris, London, TokyoMajor cities in ruins – Berlin, Paris, London, Tokyo
• Holocaust and Atomic Bomb – Civilian casualtiesHolocaust and Atomic Bomb – Civilian casualties

102. Creation and Restructuring of New NationsCreation and Restructuring of New Nations
• Germany Split:Germany Split:
East – controlledEast – controlled
by USSRby USSR
West – USA,West – USA,
France, BritainFrance, Britain
• Japan occupied byJapan occupied by
the U.S. – Led bythe U.S. – Led by
MacArthur -MacArthur -
Created aCreated a
constitution andconstitution and
democracydemocracy
• Israel Declared aIsrael Declared a
sovereign nationsovereign nation
• DecolonizationDecolonization
begins in India andbegins in India and
AfricaAfrica

103. Development of SuperpowersDevelopment of Superpowers
• U.S. and USSR become world SuperpowersU.S. and USSR become world Superpowers
• US – Democracy and CapitalismUS – Democracy and Capitalism
• USSR – Totalitarian and CommunismUSSR – Totalitarian and Communism
• Yalta Conference – Division of Europe led toYalta Conference – Division of Europe led to
USSR control of Eastern Europe and the “IronUSSR control of Eastern Europe and the “Iron
Curtain”Curtain”

104. New TechnologyNew Technology
• Atomic BombsAtomic Bombs
• Improved tanks, planes, submarines, weaponsImproved tanks, planes, submarines, weapons
• Aircraft Carrier, walkie talkie, Radar, SonarAircraft Carrier, walkie talkie, Radar, Sonar
• Leads to arms race and space race between USALeads to arms race and space race between USA
and USSRand USSR

105. United NationsUnited Nations
• 1945 - Replaces1945 - Replaces
League of NationsLeague of Nations
• Goal – MaintainGoal – Maintain
peace, promotepeace, promote
cooperation betweencooperation between
nations, fight worldnations, fight world
hunger, disease,hunger, disease,
ignoranceignorance
• Most nations joined –Most nations joined –
General AssemblyGeneral Assembly
• Security Council –Security Council –
USA, USSR, Britain,USA, USSR, Britain,
France, ChinaFrance, China