3. Animism
Beliefs, Practices, Holy Books Significance
Africa, No holy book – mostly oral traditions Found among many
Latin America All things in nature have a soul (Trees, stones, pastoral nomadic tribal
rivers, etc.) villages.
No Founder
Use of Shaman or Diviners who conducted Tribal masks inspired
ceremonies and rituals and used fetishes Cubist art movement
Ancestor Veneration – Your ancestor’s spirits
watch over you and can protect you.
4. Hinduism
Beliefs, Practices, Holy Books Significance
India Brahman-supreme force: Gods are Caste System: Rigid
3000 B.C.E. manifestations of Brahman (Vishnu- social structure, born
preserver, Shiva-destroyer) into caste, must
Spread
Reincarnation. Dharma: rules and perform certain job, or
throughout
India obligations. Karma: fate based on how Jati.
Stationary dharma was met. Ganges is sacred river,
Moshka: highest state of being, release of performance of rituals
Religion
soul Spawned Buddhism
Vedas and Upanishads
5. Caste System
Brahmins
Kshatriyas
Vaishyas
Shudras
Pariahs [Harijan] Untouchables
6. Buddhism
Beliefs, Practices, Holy Books Significance
India, Nepal Founded by Siddhartha Guatama No Caste system,
No Supreme Being– Buddha “Enlightened one” appealed to lower classes.
563 B.C.E.
Four Noble Truths – Life is suffering caused by Not attached to social
Spread structure, spread rapidly
desire, follow Eight Fold Path
throughout to other cultures.
India, China, Nirvana, state of perfect peace and harmony
path may take several lifetimes: Reincarnation, Ashoka adopted
Japan, S.E. Buddhism.
Asia Dharma, Karma
Force of cultural diffusion
Theraveda: meditation, harmony, Buddha not a
Missionary via trade, Silk Road,
god (Lesser Vehicle)
Religion missionary Religion
Mahayana: more complex, greater ritual, reliance
on priests. Buddha a diety
7. Confucianism
Beliefs, Practices, Holy Books Significance
China Founded by Confucius (Kong Fu Tse) As a ethical, social,
500 Political-social philosophy, not religion political belief system it
B.C.E. Moral, ethical, also practical – The Analects was compatible with
other religions, could
Spread to Five Right relationships = right society: Parent practice Buddhism and
Japan, to Child (Filial Piety), Ruler to Subject, Older to
S.E. Asia Confucianism
Younger, Husband to Wife, Friend to Friend.
Embraced by Han,
Education is valuable and everyone should be Tang, Song, Ming
able to get one. Become a gentleman. Dynasties. Civil
Put aside personal ambition for good of state Service Exam
8. Daoism-Taoism
Beliefs, Practices, Holy Books Significance
China Founded by Lao-tzu, philosopher Self-sufficient communities
500 Dao = “The Way” (of nature/cosmos) Counter to Confucian activism
B.C.E. Wu wei- non-doing, harmony with nature Emphasis on harmony w/
Eternal principles, passive, yielding. nature leads gains:
Like water, yet strong, shaping. astronomy, botany, chemistry
Yin-Yang – symbol of balance in nature Co-existed w/Confucianism,
Buddhism, Legalism
Added to complexity of
Chinese culture
9. Legalism
Beliefs, Practices, Holy Books Significance
China Founded by Han Feizi Accomplished swift
reunification of China.
500 The Q’in Dynasty- Shi Huangdi
Completion of projects
B.C.E. Peace & order through centralized, tightly
controlled state like the Great Wall.
Mistrust of human nature; reliance on tough laws Caused widespread
Punish those who break laws, reward those who resentment among
common people, led to
follow
wider acceptance of
2 most worthy jobs: farmer, soldier Confucianism-Daoism.
10. Shintoism
Beliefs, Practices, Holy Books Significance
Japan God in all of us and in all of nature. Our body is the Justified power of
visible temple for the soul.
Emperor
500BCE Anaterasu is the Sun Goddess and main god or kami.
Emperor is descendant and was seen as divine During Meiji Restoration,
No “Tori” is the symbol of prosperity in Shintoism and the Shintoism was used to
founder sacred gates that are found in front of all Shinto temples unite Japanese
in Japan. People write wishes on the Tori gates wishing
for good health, wealth and prosperity. During WWII, Kamikaze
There are no written doctrines pilots sacrificed
There are gods in every object in nature (Kami) themselves for their
Animist - Ancestor veneration Emperor
11. Judaism
Beliefs, Practices, Holy Books Significance
Middle Founded by Abraham, Moses The First
East, Hebrews were chosen by God, special status Monotheistic Belief
Caanan System
Personal relationship with God – a covenant
Jerusalem Led to Christianity
Afterlife, tradition, doctrines, philosophy,
and Islam
3000 personal salvation.
Forced migration –
B.C.E. To honor, serve God, promote prophets –
Exodus, Diaspora,
Wailing Wall
Holocaust
A religion & culture – Torah, Talmud
Like Hinduism –
10 Commandments, waiting for messiah Stationary faith
12. Christianity
Beliefs, Practices, Holy Books Significance
Middle Founded by Jesus of Nazareth - Bible Emphasis on
East, Splinter group of Jews, quickly spread salvation, eternal life
Jerusalem throughout Roman Empire despite persecution after death appealed
30 C.E. to lower classes,
Jesus, son of God, Messiah of Jewish prophecy
women
Spread Devotion to God, love of fellow man -
north and monotheistic Combo of religion &
west empire = huge impact
Jesus sent to redeem man from sin on political, social
throughout
Europe, Salvation by faith in divinity, death, and development of
Americas resurrection of Jesus. Europe Missionary
Crucified by Roman gov’t 30 CE Religion
13. Islam
Beliefs, Practices, Holy Books Significance
Middle East, Founded by Muhammad- Prophet – Koran Led to Islamic
Mecca, Five Pillars of Faith: Empires Umayyad
Medina, Allah is one true God, Prophet is Muhammad Caliphate, Abbasids,
Jerusalem Ottoman, Mughal
Pray Five times a day facing Mecca
622 C.E. Shiite-Sunni Split
Almsgiving – give to the poor
Spread North Crusades – Holy
Ramadan – Fasting wars
Africa,
S.E.Asia, U.S. Hajj – Pilgrimage to Mecca Missionary religion
Can not eat pork, gamble, drink alcohol, smoke
Jihad – Struggle in God’s service
14. Big Picture Themes!
Period 1 & 2 Period 3
Foundations and Classical Development of Empire and
eras of civilization spread of civilizations
Classical Era – achievements in Classical Civs collapse – Rise
arts, architecture, science, Math, of Post Classical Civs - continue
weapons, metals, literature to achieve in different ways.
Nomads are major outside Golden Age of Nomads!
threat to sedentary peoples Continue to be biggest outside
and impact Civs. threat to civilization and Empire
Religion and goods spread Religion and goods spread
over the Silk Road over Silk Road
Extensive land routes and Land and sea routes expand!
regional water routes Indian Ocean, Trans-Saharan, River
networks in Russia and Africa
World Religions of Judaism, Golden Age of Religion –
Christianity, Hinduism and Power in government - Rise
Buddhism are established and Spread of Islam