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The Pacific
Rim
Japan and the
Asian Tigers:
South Korea, Taiwan,
Singapore, and Hong Kong
Japan
History after WWII
•Occupation was led by General Douglas
MacArthur
•Japan’s armed forces were disbanded
•The American occupiers had the goal to end
militarism and ensure a democratic government.
Gave women the right to vote, increased civil
liberties, encouraged labor unions.
•A new Japanese Constitution was drafted by the
American occupiers creating a Constitutional
Monarchy that limited the power of the Emperor
and abolished Shintoism as the state religion.
•The Japanese accepted this new constitution
and signed a treaty that took away Japan’s
overseas empire
•In 1952, the Allied occupation officially ended General MacArthur and
Emperor Hirohito
Japan
Economy
•Japan Incorporated
•Cooperation between state and private
industry – led to expansion of exports
•Concentrated on economic growth – led by
government economic planning and
production guidelines
•Became World economic power – focuses
on advanced technologies – automobiles
and electronics
•Focus on labor and management
cooperation – wages remained low, living
standards improved
•Stressed importance of group cohesion –
emphasized group decision making and
stressed loyaltyGung Ho Film Clip
Japan
Political System
•Blended modern democratic
forms with traditional elitist ties
•Government was dominated by
one Party – Liberal Democratic
Party – provided stability in
Japan from 1955-1993.
•Developed into a ruling
oligarchy – stressed Patriotism,
loyalty, development and
protection of Japanese industry,
pollution and population control
•After 1993, corruption caused a
split of the Liberal Democratic
Party – Rise of Democratic Party
of Japan Prime Minister Visits WWII
Shinto Shrine
Taro Aso - 92nd
Prime Minister
of Japan
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Japan
Shinzō Abe was
appointed on December
26, 2012 (LDP)
Film ClipFilm Clip
Japan
Society
•Government stress of
population control – birth control
and abortion supported
•Education expanded – merit
based university enrollments
•Traditional cultural returns –
Poetry, painting, tea ceremonies,
chopsticks
•Western culture adopted –
Baseball, dress, music, games
shows, soap operas
•Male authority remained
dominant – women’s role as
mother stressed - small feminist
movement
Japanese Game
Show
Hideki Matsui,
“People
Pushers” and
the Bullet Train
South Korea
History after WWII
•Korea was split after WWII –
•North Korea was Communist
ruled by dictator Kim Il Sung
•South Korea was Capitalist ruled
by autocratic President Syngman
Rhee
•Korean War was fought (1950-1953) –
ended in fragile truce along the 38th
parallel
General
MacArthur
at Invasion
of Inchon
South Korea
Economy
•Government attempt to recover from
years of foreign occupation and civil war
– instituted five-year plans on exports
and infrastructure, land reforms
•Achieved major economic growth –
corporations like Samsung, Daewoo and
Hyundai became massive conglomerates
who have political and social influence
•Development of consumer goods, steel,
automobiles, textiles
•Per capita income increased – created
“Economic Miracle”
•Economic problems exist today –
corruption, trade deficit, unemployment,
and bankruptcy
Hyundai plant in India and Seoul Korea.
North Korea
and
South Korea
Satellite Image
taken at night
•What does this satellite
image tell us about
each society?
•What is the cause of
this drastic difference?
South Korea
Political System
•Syngman Rhee ruled harshly
until 1960 – corruption, unfair
elections, police brutality
•Military coup led by General
Chung Hee Park in 1961 – new
constitution, slow democratic
reforms
•Limited freedoms – autocratic
rule and suppression of all
dissidents
•Park was assassinated in 1979 –
National elections took place in
1989, limited power of big
business and began
communication with North Korea
about reunification
President Lee Myung-bak
and Labor Union Protests
General Chung
Hee park and
Guard at DMZ
Two Koreas
North Korean
Dictators
Park Geun-hye becomes
South Korea's first
female president
Park Geun-hye becomes
South Korea's first
female president
South Korean
Democracy
Kim Jong il, Kim il Sung, Kim Jong UnKim Jong il, Kim il Sung, Kim Jong Un
Busan Lotte World Tower
South Korea
Society
•Population increased to 48 million –
highest density (1000 people per square
mile)
•Government encourages limited birth
rates for families
•Confucian principles of thrift,
education, and hard work is basic
attitude of workers
•Buddhist beliefs and respect for nature
•Heavy influence of large companies
(Chaebol) – built housing, schools,
arenas for Tae Kwon Do
•Western influence – Baseball, fast food,
dress, music, karaoke
Buddhist temple
and statue and
South Korean
baseball player
Taiwan
History after WWII
•Nationalist Party, or Kuomintang, fled
from Communist Revolutionaries and
went to Taiwan in 1949
•Led by Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-Shek)
•United States has vowed to protect
Taiwan from Communist China –
Security Treaty of 1954
General MacArthur and Jiang Jieshi
Taiwan
Economy
•Achieved economic prosperity –
Agricultural and Industrial
production increased – standard of
living increased
•Government installed land reform
program and economic planning –
infrastructure and targeting
strategic industries
•Government stressed private
business and foreign investment
•Stress on education, literacy,
technical training
•Opened trade network with U.S.,
Japan, S.E. Asia and China
Capital city of Taipei
Taiwan
Political System
•Authoritarian rule – emergency decree by
threat of communists. Lack of political
diversity and political parties
•1978 U.S. recognized People’s Republic of
China and severed diplomatic ties with
Taiwan
•1978 Jiang Jieshi died and son, Chiang
Ching-kuo eased authoritarian rule
•Today, there is a more representative form
of government with elections and multiple
parties
•Discussion of declaring Taiwanese
independence from China has created
tension and threats
•China wants “one country, two systems”
Under pressure from China, Taiwan
participates in the Olympics under
the name of Chinese Taipei, and its
national flag and anthem cannot be
used when its athletes win medals.
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/23/w
orld/asia/23taiwan.html?_r=1
Taiwan
Society
•Population growth – government family
planning programs to reduce rate of
growth (7 million to 20 million from 1945-
1980s)
•Traditional beliefs – Confucian ideals,
hard work, frugality, filial piety, medical
practices, religious rituals
•Government attempt to “Sinicize”
population – Mandarin language – Today
there is a push for English
•Recent Taiwanese nationalism has
developed – Taiwanese language
•Western influence – medicine,
hospitals, music, baseball, golf, forms of
entertainment, convenience stores
Two 7-11 convenient stores face off in
Taiwan
Singapore
History after WWII
• Was originally part of the British
colony of Malaya. Gained
Independence from Great Britain in
1959 – British naval base until
1971.
•Led by Prime Minister Lee Kuan
Yew until 1990
Lee Kuan Yew and Singapore people
welcome British after WWII
Singapore
Economy
•Extraordinarily successful economic
development
•Government led initiatives combined
with private enterprises in
manufacturing, banking, shipping,
electronics, textiles, shipbuilding and oil
refining
•2nd
highest per capita in Asia and
busiest port in the world - tourism
arrivals are up, average household
incomes are rising, and the job market
looks white hot.
Port of Singapore
Singapore
Political System
•Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew led as an
authoritarian ruler
•Government had tight controls over its
people – proclaimed strict discipline and
restraint was needed because such a large
population crowded a limited space
•Resulted in very low crime rates and limited
government opposition due to harsh
penalties.
•New leader, Goh Chok Tong had promised a
kinder and gentler Singapore.
• Current PM is Lee Hsien Loong (Lee Kuan’s
son).
In 1994 American 18 year old Michael
Fay was convicted on vandalism in
Singapore and sentenced to 83 days in
prison and 4 lashes with the cane!
Singapore
Society •Population growth – Singapore is the one
of the most densely populated countries in
the world
•Government introduced birth control
policies in the late 1960s to reduce
population. In the late 1990s, the
government introduced a "baby bonus"
scheme that encouraged couples to have
more children.
•Government run “Ministry of Education”
sets curriculum standards
•Government owns and controls all radio
and television stations
•Mix of traditional and western cultures –
Buddhism, Confucianism, Daoism with
Christianity, Architecture, sports
Hong Kong
History after WWII
•Remained a British Colony until
1997 when it was returned to
communist China
British Leave Hong Kong
Hong Kong
Economy
•Highly capitalist economy built on a
policy of free markets, low taxation and
government non-intervention
•Developed into major world trading port
and international banking center
•High export levels- textiles, toys, and
electronics
•Recently has develop more service
industries as manufacturing has moved
to mainland China
• Government has allocated funds for
transportation, education, public
housing and sanitation
Hong Kong
Political System
•Ruled as a British Colony from 1842-
1997
•Hong Kong was handed over to
Communist China. Under the policy of
"one country, two systems", the
communists are responsible for the
territory's defense and foreign affairs,
while Hong Kong is responsible for its
own legal system, police force, monetary
system, customs policy, immigration
policy, and delegates to international
organizations and events.
•Democracy – right to vote, legislative
branch, judicial system, multi-party
state, civil service
Protesters in Hong Kong fear
spread of communism
Hong Kong
Society •Mix of British and Chinese cultures
•Education follows western models –
public schools run by Department of
Education
•Diverse culture – Buddhist, Christian,
Muslim, Daoist
•Movie making industry – Bruce Lee,
Jackie Chan
The Tian Tan Buddha, tallest
outdoor Buddha statue
Similarities
• Emphasize group loyalty over individualism
• Stress hard work
• Confucian morality
• Government planning
• Growing Population
• Limits of dissent
• Western influence
• Influenced others: Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia – “Little Tigers”

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Japan And Pacific Rim

  • 1. The Pacific Rim Japan and the Asian Tigers: South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, and Hong Kong
  • 2. Japan History after WWII •Occupation was led by General Douglas MacArthur •Japan’s armed forces were disbanded •The American occupiers had the goal to end militarism and ensure a democratic government. Gave women the right to vote, increased civil liberties, encouraged labor unions. •A new Japanese Constitution was drafted by the American occupiers creating a Constitutional Monarchy that limited the power of the Emperor and abolished Shintoism as the state religion. •The Japanese accepted this new constitution and signed a treaty that took away Japan’s overseas empire •In 1952, the Allied occupation officially ended General MacArthur and Emperor Hirohito
  • 3. Japan Economy •Japan Incorporated •Cooperation between state and private industry – led to expansion of exports •Concentrated on economic growth – led by government economic planning and production guidelines •Became World economic power – focuses on advanced technologies – automobiles and electronics •Focus on labor and management cooperation – wages remained low, living standards improved •Stressed importance of group cohesion – emphasized group decision making and stressed loyaltyGung Ho Film Clip
  • 4. Japan Political System •Blended modern democratic forms with traditional elitist ties •Government was dominated by one Party – Liberal Democratic Party – provided stability in Japan from 1955-1993. •Developed into a ruling oligarchy – stressed Patriotism, loyalty, development and protection of Japanese industry, pollution and population control •After 1993, corruption caused a split of the Liberal Democratic Party – Rise of Democratic Party of Japan Prime Minister Visits WWII Shinto Shrine Taro Aso - 92nd Prime Minister of Japan http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Japan Shinzō Abe was appointed on December 26, 2012 (LDP) Film ClipFilm Clip
  • 5. Japan Society •Government stress of population control – birth control and abortion supported •Education expanded – merit based university enrollments •Traditional cultural returns – Poetry, painting, tea ceremonies, chopsticks •Western culture adopted – Baseball, dress, music, games shows, soap operas •Male authority remained dominant – women’s role as mother stressed - small feminist movement Japanese Game Show Hideki Matsui, “People Pushers” and the Bullet Train
  • 6. South Korea History after WWII •Korea was split after WWII – •North Korea was Communist ruled by dictator Kim Il Sung •South Korea was Capitalist ruled by autocratic President Syngman Rhee •Korean War was fought (1950-1953) – ended in fragile truce along the 38th parallel General MacArthur at Invasion of Inchon
  • 7. South Korea Economy •Government attempt to recover from years of foreign occupation and civil war – instituted five-year plans on exports and infrastructure, land reforms •Achieved major economic growth – corporations like Samsung, Daewoo and Hyundai became massive conglomerates who have political and social influence •Development of consumer goods, steel, automobiles, textiles •Per capita income increased – created “Economic Miracle” •Economic problems exist today – corruption, trade deficit, unemployment, and bankruptcy Hyundai plant in India and Seoul Korea.
  • 8. North Korea and South Korea Satellite Image taken at night •What does this satellite image tell us about each society? •What is the cause of this drastic difference?
  • 9. South Korea Political System •Syngman Rhee ruled harshly until 1960 – corruption, unfair elections, police brutality •Military coup led by General Chung Hee Park in 1961 – new constitution, slow democratic reforms •Limited freedoms – autocratic rule and suppression of all dissidents •Park was assassinated in 1979 – National elections took place in 1989, limited power of big business and began communication with North Korea about reunification President Lee Myung-bak and Labor Union Protests General Chung Hee park and Guard at DMZ
  • 10. Two Koreas North Korean Dictators Park Geun-hye becomes South Korea's first female president Park Geun-hye becomes South Korea's first female president South Korean Democracy Kim Jong il, Kim il Sung, Kim Jong UnKim Jong il, Kim il Sung, Kim Jong Un Busan Lotte World Tower
  • 11. South Korea Society •Population increased to 48 million – highest density (1000 people per square mile) •Government encourages limited birth rates for families •Confucian principles of thrift, education, and hard work is basic attitude of workers •Buddhist beliefs and respect for nature •Heavy influence of large companies (Chaebol) – built housing, schools, arenas for Tae Kwon Do •Western influence – Baseball, fast food, dress, music, karaoke Buddhist temple and statue and South Korean baseball player
  • 12. Taiwan History after WWII •Nationalist Party, or Kuomintang, fled from Communist Revolutionaries and went to Taiwan in 1949 •Led by Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-Shek) •United States has vowed to protect Taiwan from Communist China – Security Treaty of 1954 General MacArthur and Jiang Jieshi
  • 13. Taiwan Economy •Achieved economic prosperity – Agricultural and Industrial production increased – standard of living increased •Government installed land reform program and economic planning – infrastructure and targeting strategic industries •Government stressed private business and foreign investment •Stress on education, literacy, technical training •Opened trade network with U.S., Japan, S.E. Asia and China Capital city of Taipei
  • 14. Taiwan Political System •Authoritarian rule – emergency decree by threat of communists. Lack of political diversity and political parties •1978 U.S. recognized People’s Republic of China and severed diplomatic ties with Taiwan •1978 Jiang Jieshi died and son, Chiang Ching-kuo eased authoritarian rule •Today, there is a more representative form of government with elections and multiple parties •Discussion of declaring Taiwanese independence from China has created tension and threats •China wants “one country, two systems” Under pressure from China, Taiwan participates in the Olympics under the name of Chinese Taipei, and its national flag and anthem cannot be used when its athletes win medals. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/23/w orld/asia/23taiwan.html?_r=1
  • 15. Taiwan Society •Population growth – government family planning programs to reduce rate of growth (7 million to 20 million from 1945- 1980s) •Traditional beliefs – Confucian ideals, hard work, frugality, filial piety, medical practices, religious rituals •Government attempt to “Sinicize” population – Mandarin language – Today there is a push for English •Recent Taiwanese nationalism has developed – Taiwanese language •Western influence – medicine, hospitals, music, baseball, golf, forms of entertainment, convenience stores Two 7-11 convenient stores face off in Taiwan
  • 16. Singapore History after WWII • Was originally part of the British colony of Malaya. Gained Independence from Great Britain in 1959 – British naval base until 1971. •Led by Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew until 1990 Lee Kuan Yew and Singapore people welcome British after WWII
  • 17. Singapore Economy •Extraordinarily successful economic development •Government led initiatives combined with private enterprises in manufacturing, banking, shipping, electronics, textiles, shipbuilding and oil refining •2nd highest per capita in Asia and busiest port in the world - tourism arrivals are up, average household incomes are rising, and the job market looks white hot. Port of Singapore
  • 18. Singapore Political System •Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew led as an authoritarian ruler •Government had tight controls over its people – proclaimed strict discipline and restraint was needed because such a large population crowded a limited space •Resulted in very low crime rates and limited government opposition due to harsh penalties. •New leader, Goh Chok Tong had promised a kinder and gentler Singapore. • Current PM is Lee Hsien Loong (Lee Kuan’s son). In 1994 American 18 year old Michael Fay was convicted on vandalism in Singapore and sentenced to 83 days in prison and 4 lashes with the cane!
  • 19. Singapore Society •Population growth – Singapore is the one of the most densely populated countries in the world •Government introduced birth control policies in the late 1960s to reduce population. In the late 1990s, the government introduced a "baby bonus" scheme that encouraged couples to have more children. •Government run “Ministry of Education” sets curriculum standards •Government owns and controls all radio and television stations •Mix of traditional and western cultures – Buddhism, Confucianism, Daoism with Christianity, Architecture, sports
  • 20. Hong Kong History after WWII •Remained a British Colony until 1997 when it was returned to communist China British Leave Hong Kong
  • 21. Hong Kong Economy •Highly capitalist economy built on a policy of free markets, low taxation and government non-intervention •Developed into major world trading port and international banking center •High export levels- textiles, toys, and electronics •Recently has develop more service industries as manufacturing has moved to mainland China • Government has allocated funds for transportation, education, public housing and sanitation
  • 22. Hong Kong Political System •Ruled as a British Colony from 1842- 1997 •Hong Kong was handed over to Communist China. Under the policy of "one country, two systems", the communists are responsible for the territory's defense and foreign affairs, while Hong Kong is responsible for its own legal system, police force, monetary system, customs policy, immigration policy, and delegates to international organizations and events. •Democracy – right to vote, legislative branch, judicial system, multi-party state, civil service Protesters in Hong Kong fear spread of communism
  • 23. Hong Kong Society •Mix of British and Chinese cultures •Education follows western models – public schools run by Department of Education •Diverse culture – Buddhist, Christian, Muslim, Daoist •Movie making industry – Bruce Lee, Jackie Chan The Tian Tan Buddha, tallest outdoor Buddha statue
  • 24. Similarities • Emphasize group loyalty over individualism • Stress hard work • Confucian morality • Government planning • Growing Population • Limits of dissent • Western influence • Influenced others: Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia – “Little Tigers”