1. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES OF
NURSING AND THE COMPUTER

2. PRESENTED BY:
GROUP 4
Jheizah Mee Pescadero
Jenissa Arabis
Nerry Cabataña
Maiza Mae Carcedo
Jasiel Bandiala
Irish Seguisabal
Guergene Dugenia

3. COMPUTER
The most powerful technological tool to
transform nursing profession prior to the
new century.
In nursing, computers are used:
 to manage information in patient care
Support nursing research and interact
with patient on the WWW.

4.  monitor the quality of care
 Evaluate the outcomes of
care
 Used for sending and
receiving data

5. MAJOR HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES
OF NURSING AND COMPUTERS

6. Six historical perspectives of
nursing and computers follow:

7. Prior to the 1960’s
- Adopt computers to health care
- computers were used for business
office function.
- Punch card to store data and card
readers to read computer programs,
sort and prepare data for processing

8. 1960’s
- Computers technology in health
care setting were questioned.
- Nurse’s station was viewed as the
hub of information exchange.
- Introduction of cathode ray tube
(CRT)

9. -Online data communication
-Hospital information system
were developed.

10. 1970’s
- Nurses recognized the value of
computer for their profession.
- Improvement of documentation.
- Main frame HIS ( Hospital
Information System) were designed
and developed.

11. 1980’s
• Emersion of informatics in the health care
industry
• Updates on practices standards
• Computer based Patient Records System
• Hospital Information System (HIS)
- Order entry *online result
- Kardex *nurse’s notes
- Vital Signs *discharge plan

12. 1990’s
• Computer technology become integral
part of health care.
• Nursing informatics was approved as a
new nursing specialty.
• Introduction of internet.

13. • Smaller and faster computer were
brought to the bedside and all of the
point of care setting.
• Local Area Network (LAN) were
developed.

14. Post 2000
• Development of wireless point of
care.
• Clinical Information System become
individualized in the Electronic Patient
Record (EPR) and life longitudinal
record-Electronic Health Record (EHR)
• Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)

15. • Used of Voice-over Internet
Protocol (VoLT)
• Health Insurance Portability and
Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996
was enacted.
• Critical care units are monitored
remotely by health care providers.

16. Electronic Health Record Form A
Historical Perspective

17. • Computer Based Patient Record
Institute (CPRI)
• Non profit organization founded in
1992 on clinical applications of
information technology.

18. • Initiate, facilitate, promote the
routine used of computer-based
patient record
• Develop criteria for implementation
of computerized record.

19. Four Major Nursing Areas:

20. Nursing Practice
• Has evolved and changed radically.
• It has become an integral part of the HER.
• Computer system with nursing and patient
care data, nursing care plans are no longer
separate subsystems of the computerized
HISs, but rather integrated into one
interdisciplinary patient health record in the
EHR.

21. Nursing Administration
• Most policy and procedure manuals
are accessed and retrieve by computer.
• Internet is being used by nurses to
access digital libraries, online
resources, and research protocols at
the bedside.

22. Nursing Education
• Nursing schools offer computer
enhanced courses, online courses,
and/or distance education.
• Campus-wide computer systems are
available
• Web and E-mail are used to enhance
teachings.

23. Nursing Research
• Used for analysing nursing data
• Software programs are made available for
processing both quantitative and qualitative
research data.
• Databases support nursing research for
online searching and retrieving information.

24. Standards Initiatives

25. Nursing Practice Standards
• Focused on both organizing
principles of clinical nursing
practice and standards of
professional performance.
• Stressed the need for adequate
records on patients in hospitals and
practiced standards for the
documentation of care.

26. Nursing Data Standards
• Emerged as a new requirement for
the EHR.

27. Health Care Data Standards
organization
• American National Standards Institute
(ANSI)
• American Society for Testing and
Materials (ASTM)
• SNOMED
• National Committee on Vital and Health
Statistics (NCVHS).

28. Early Computer –Based Nursing
Applications
• Developed before the mid-1970’s as a part
of HISs.
• Focused on documentation of nursing
practice and management of patient care.
• Designs for hospitals, ambulatory care
settings, and community health agencies.

29. Landmark Events in Nursing and
Computers
• Computers were introduced into the
nursing profession over 35 years ago.
• Major milestone of nursing are
interwoven with the advancement of
computer and information
technologies.