This document describes how oil can be separated into different products through fractional distillation. Fractional distillation involves evaporating crude oil and condensing the hydrocarbon chains of different lengths at different temperatures, with lower boiling points condensing at the top and higher boiling points at the bottom. Important products obtained from oil include polymers, which are long chains of molecules that can be thermoplastic and change shape when heated, making them useful for certain jobs where durability is required.

3. Fractional distillation Crude oil can be separated by fractional distillation. The oil is evaporated and the hydrocarbon chains of different lengths condense at different temperatures: Fractions with low boiling points condense at the top Fractions with high boiling points condense at the bottom

4. Important key points Difficult to dispose of, oil (from which plastics are made) is running out Disadvantages of plastic Properties of different plastics make them fit for certain jobs, e.g. durable Advantages of plastic Changes shape when heated, polymer chains can move about when heated Thermoplastic Long chains of molecules. E.g. Polythene Polymer Do not contain carbon. E.g. H 2 O, NaNO 3 Inorganic Contain carbon. E.g. CH 4 , CH 3 COOH Organic Explanation Key point