1. World War I

3. Germany signed an armistice ending World War I. Nov. 11 The Allies began their final offensive on the Western Front. Sept. 26 Germany launched the first of its final three offensives on the Western Front. March 21 Russia signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. March 3 President Woodrow Wilson announced his Fourteen Points as the basis for peace. Jan. 8 1918 Russia signed an armistice with Germany, ending the fighting on the Eastern Front. Dec. 15 American troops began landing in France. June 24 The United States declared war on Germany. April 6 Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare. Feb. 1 1917

4. Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary, far right, was shot to death on June 28, 1914, shortly after this photo was taken. His assassination triggered the outbreak of World War I.

6. Archduke Franz Ferdinand 1863-1914 Family name: Hapsburg Heir to the Austrian Throne: Third in line to the throne at one point, he became heir through two untimely deaths. The first was of the Emperor's son, Crown Prince Rudolph, who killed himself (and his sixteen year old mistress) in 1889. The second was the death of his father, Archduke Charles Louis, in 1896. Now it was Franz Ferdinand that would be next in line for the Crown. Politics: Considered more flexible in matters of military and domestic affairs than his uncle Emperor Franz Josef, he was a reformist with new ideas to be put into practice when he ascended to the Hapsburg throne. One of these ideas was "trialism" - the reorganization of the dual monarchy into a triple monarchy by giving the Slavs an equal voice in the empire. This would put them on an equal footing with the Magyars and Germans living inside the Austro-Hungarian borders. These politics were in direct conflict with those of the Serbian nationalists. General Information

9. Gavrilo Princip Quotes "There is no need to carry me to another prison. My life is already ebbing away. I suggest that you nail me to a cross and burn me alive. My flaming body will be a torch to light my people on their path to freedom." Princip to the prison governor on being moved to another prison A 19 year old tubercular Bosnian Serb student. A member of Mlada Bosna ("Young Bosnia"), a movement dedicated to a Bosnia free of Hapsburg rule. He and his six fellow assassins were equipped with pistols and bombs by a Serbian terrorist organization known as the Black Hand. On 28-Jun-1914, he succeeded where his accomplices failed in assassinating Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Countess Sophia in Sarajevo. He attempted suicide at the scene, but the gun was knocked from his hand by an onlooker. His second attempt at suicide was by cyanide, but it made him retch and he vomited up the poison. He was taken into custody and made to stand trial. He was found guilty but, because of his age, spared the death penalty. He died in prison of tuberculosis in 1918. All in all, it seems he was treated fairly by the government he considered so tyrannical. " Ujedinjenje ili Smrt " is the Serbian "Black Hand". Link provides full background info including their constitution listing Colonel Dimitrievitch (Apis) as a member. "Narodna Odbrana" is the Serbian secret patriotic society of which "Mlada Bosna" was a splinter group..

10. World War I Troop Strength and Casualties This map compares the size of the different armies in World War I with the number of wounded and dead among the major combatants in the war. The relatively light numbers of American dead and wounded reflect the late entry of the United States in the war. The major European participants suffered enormous losses. Twice as many men died in World War I as in all the significant wars from 1790 to 1913 combined. (Note that due to the scale of destruction, the estimated figures given here for Russians and Ottomans killed are probably low.)

16. War In Air & At Sea Anthony Michael Michalski 165th Infantry, KIA John Rudolph Webb and Crew 301st Tank Battalion

17. Dirigibles and Zeppelins The Zeppelin men: (from left) Hugo Eckener, Count von Zeppelin, and Peter Strasser Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin died of pneumonia on 8-Mar-1917 at the age of seventy-eight. Peter Strasser, Chief of the Naval Airship Division and the driving force behind the German airship program, was aboard the height-climber L 70 when it was shot down over the English Channel on 5-Aug-1918. This event marked the end of the airship as a strategic bomber. Hugo Eckener would go on to lead Germany's postwar airship program.

18. The Art of War One water bottle for 40 men by G.P. Hoskins Gassed by John Singer Sargent

20. By all accounts, she was riding low in the water. What was she carrying? Supplies and shells? Schwieger's log and the testimony of several survivors shows categorically that he only fired one torpedo; but a larger, second explosion had occurred almost instantaneously, which was highly likely to have been attributable to a particular consignment of 5,000 live artillery shells in the hold. It was the second explosion, caused we think by the sympathetic detonation of these munitions, which was ultimately responsible for the ship's rapid demise.

21. Germany and Great Britain were at war. So were most of the other countries of Europe. The United States, wanting to remain neutral, had not yet entered World War I. But the Imperial Government of Kaiser Wilhelm II had issued a dire warning to American citizens: Stay out of the waters around the British Isles. Those waters included the Irish Sea. How many of the 1959 people on board the Lusitania on May 7, 1915 knew about Germany’s threat to sink non-military ships? Of those who knew, how many really believed that women and children would be treated like front-line soldiers of war?

22. "Torpedo coming on the starboard side!" The torpedo struck the ship with a sound which Turner later recalled was "like a heavy door being slammed shut." Almost instantaneously came a second, much larger explosion, which physically rocked the ship. A tall column of water and debris shot skyward, wrecking lifeboat No. 5 as it came back down. The clock on the bridge said 14.10. Watching events through his periscope, Kapitan-Leutnant Schwieger could not believe that so much havoc could have been wrought by just one torpedo. He noted in his log that "an unusually heavy detonation" had taken place and noted that a second explosion had also occurred which he put down to "boilers, coal or powder." He also noticed that the torpedo had hit the Lusitania further forward of where he had aimed it. Schwieger brought the periscope down and U-20 headed back to sea. On the bridge of the Lusitania , Captain Turner could see instantly that his ship was doomed. He gave the orders to abandon ship.

24. Captain William Turner As the stern of the ship settled back, the bridge was awash and the Captain was swept into the Irish Sea. He, unlike most others, survived.

25. Germany, however, was unapologetic. The government had issued its warning. Their actions were justified, they said, because they believed the ship carried arms that would have been used to kill Germans.

34. Propaganda  for the War Boards

35. George Creel’s propaganda

37. Who put the fatal bullet into the Red Baron as he closed in on Canadian Wilfrid May along the Somme River on April 21, 1918? Theories abound. Various Allied gunners on the ground claimed to have shot the Baron down. To whom that honor truly belongs will likely never be known.

49. At eleven o'clock on the eleventh day of the eleventh month of 1918, the war ends as Germany and Allies sign an Armistice. The Big Four at the Paris Peace Conference. Lloyd George-- from Britain Vittorio Orlando-- Italy Georges Clemenceau-- France and Woodrow Wilson-- United States

52. 57.6 37,508,686 7,750,919 21,219,452 8,538,315 65,038,810 Grand Total 67.4 15,404,477 3,629,829 8,388,448 3,386,200 22,850,000 Total 22.2 266,919 27,029 152,390 87,500 1,200,000 Bulgaria 34.2 975,000 250,000 400,000 325,000 2,850,000 Turkey 90.0 7,020,000 2,200,000 3,620,000 1,200,000 7,800,000 Austria-Hungary 64.9 7,142,558 1,152,800 4,216,058 1,773,700 11,000,000 Germany Central Powers 52.3 22,104,209 4,121,090 12,831,004 5,152,115 42,188,810 Total 40.0 20,000 7,000 10,000 3,000 50,000 Montenegro 33.3 33,291 12,318 13,751 7,222 100,000 Portugal 11.7 17,000 1,000 21,000 5,000 230,000 Greece 34.9 93,061 34,659 44,686 13,716 267,000 Belgium 46.8 331,106 152,958 133,148 45,000 707,343 Serbia 71.4 535,706 80,000 120,000 335,706 750,000 Romania 0.2 1,210 3 907 300 800,000 Japan 8.2 364,800 4,500 234,300 126,000 4,355,000 United States 39.1 2,197,000 600,000 947,000 650,000 5,615,000 Italy 35.8 3,190,235 191,652 2,090,212 908,371 8,904,467 British Empire 76.3 6,160,800 537,000 4,266,000 1,357,800 8,410,000 France 76.3 9,150,000 2,500,000 4,950,000 1,700,000 12,000,000 Russia Allied Powers Casualties % of Mobilized Total Casualties Prisoners & Missing Wounded Killed & Died Total Mobilized Countries

53. 60,643,160,000 Total of all Costs 815,200,000 Bulgaria 1,430,000,000 Turkey 20,622,960,000 Austria-Hungary 37,775,000,000 Germany Cost in Dollars in 1914-18 Central Powers

54. American Lives Lost: 57,476 3,440 54,036 Total 321 190 131 Other Deaths 36 25 11 Executed 318 159 159 Murdered 967 671 296 Committed Suicide 727 399 328 Drowned 4,503 1,946 2,557 Died of Accident 13,673 45 13,628 Died of Wounds 36,931 5 36,926 Killed in Action Total Domestic Overseas Cause of Death

56. Far from the deadliest epidemic. The Bubonic Plague. Just mention the name and you will send shivers down the spine of many people. There is no doubt that this disease was deadly. Deadly and gruesome to watch. The death rate was 90% for those exposed to the bacterium. It was transmitted by the fleas from infected Old English black rats. The symptoms were clear: swollen lymph nodes (buboes, hence the name), high fever, and delirium. In the worst case, the lungs became infected and the pneumonic form was spread from person to person by coughing, sneezing, or simply talking. From the time of infection to death was less than one week. There were three major epidemics - in the 6th, 14th, and 17th centuries. The death toll was 137 million victims. As a result, the plague is considered to be the worst epidemic of all time, but it wasn't (not that we are downplaying the severity of the plague). At its worst, the bubonic plague killed 2 million victims a year. This is certainly a bad situation, but there is one that is worse.