Website Globalization And E Business India

Globalization Partners International White Paper | 2014

Website Globalization and
E-Business India
The Website Globalization and E-Business Series includes a series of brief reports on country-specific
website globalization and e-business topics. The series includes:
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China
Japan
Germany
US Hispanic Market
Brazil
India

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Russia
Argentina
France
United Kingdom
United Arab Emirates

This series of reports is meant to be a primer on e-Business as well as a collection of language, culture
and website globalization facts by country. These reports are by no means a complete coverage of
these topics. For more comprehensive or customized reports on country-specific Website Globalization
and E-Business topics, please email mspethman@globalizationpartners.com.
No material contained in this report may be reproduced in whole or in part without prior written
permission of Globalization Partners International. The information contained in this White Paper has
been obtained from sources we believe to be reliable, but neither its completeness nor accuracy can
be guaranteed.

The Website Globalization and E-Business paper
was researched and written by:
Martin Spethman
Managing Partner
Globalization Partners International
mspethman@globalizationpartners.com
Phone: 866-272-5874
Nitish Singh, PhD,
Author of “The Culturally Customized Website”,
“Localization Strategies for Global E-Business”,
and Assistant Professor of International Business,
Boeing Institute of International Business, John
Cook School of Business, Saint Louis University.
singhn2@slu.edu
Phone: 314-977-7604
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Globalization Partners International helps companies communicate and conduct business in any
language and in any locale by providing an array of globalization services including:
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Translation
Multilingual Desktop Publishing
Software Internationalization & Localization
Website Internationalization & Localization
Software and Website Testing
Interpretation (Telephonic, Consecutive, Simultaneous)
Globalization Consulting
SEO (Global Search Engine Marketing)

To learn more about Globalization Partners International, please visit us at blog.globalizationpartners.com.
Website Globalization and E-Business | India

www.globalizationpartners.com

I.

Market Introduction and Stats

Stats/Source

Online Activities

Top Online
Activities on
Internet

• Emailing 94%
• Download Music 72%
• Instant Messaging/
Chatting 56%
• Job Search 56%
• PC to Mobile SMS 55%
• Social Networking 54%
• Online Communities 50%

(Juxt New Age Market
Research)

Increased Social
Networking and
Entertainment
(Juxt New Age Market
Research)

• “social interactivity” accounts
for over 80% of all regular
Internet users
• Blogs have lagged; only 29%
of Internet users in India read
them
• watching videos and
downloading movies increased
dramatically in 2011

The Indian Online Consumer

Online, Social Networking and
Mobile Statistics on India
ÌÌ 67% of e-commerce in India takes place
through mobile connections
ÌÌ 40% of Internet searches in India take place
through mobile connections
ÌÌ 75% of India’s online population is under 35.
ÌÌ India’s extended online universe is in excess
of 145 million
ÌÌ 20 million people in India use the Internet
every day

Fast Facts

$1.842 trillion (World bank 2012)
4.8% (2013 Est.)

Population

1.237 billion (World bank 2012)

Population Growth

1.344% (Cia World Factbook)

Internet Population

151.5 million (Wikipedia)

Mobile subscribers with Internet access

Internet

GDP
GDP Growth

General Stats

Numbers

70% population penetration (IMAI 2013)

LL67% of e-commerce and 40% of Internet searches in India are done via mobile devices. (trak.in)
LLIndia’s retail market was estimated at $470 billion in 2011 and is expected to grow to $675 Bn by
2016 and $850 Bn by 2020, – estimated CAGR of 7%. (Retailopia.com)
LLIndia has the world’s second largest population, after China.
LLIndia has the world’s second largest workforce, after China.
LLChildren are considered precious to Indian families, and parents of all income groups do everything
they can for their offspring. (Euromonitor)
LLThe International Monetary Fund (IMF) ranks India as the ninth largest economy (by market
exchange rates) and the fourth largest by purchasing power parity, or PPP. (Wikipedia)
LLAbout one out of four Indians possess a credit card. Juxt New Age Market Research
LLThere are 22 recognized languages in India and well over 100 linguistic dialects. (CountryWatch)
LLIndia now has the world’s third largest internet population – after China and the US. (ComScore)
LLIndia’s e-commerce market is expected to reach US$ 24 billion by the year 2015 with both online
travel and e-tailing contributing equally. Another big segment in e-commerce is mobile/DTH
recharge with nearly 1 million transactions daily by operator websites. (Wikipedia)

ÌÌ 59% of Internet users in India only access the
Internet via mobile devices
ÌÌ On an average, Indian web users spend 26
minutes online each day
ÌÌ 87.1 million users experience Internet on their
smart phones and this number is expected to
grow to 165 million by 2015
ÌÌ Facebook has 45 million, Twitter has 15 million
and LinkedIn has 45 million users in India
ÌÌ India ranked to be the second largest country
with 142,339 users in Google+

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II.

India Culture and the Online Consumer
Cultural Values

Individualism: Cultures like India that are high on
the individualism value tend to value individual goals
over group goals. Independence, individuality, and self
expression are preferred values.
Power Distance: A belief in authority and hierarchy
(high power distance). Cultures like India that are high
on power distance accept power and hierarchy in
society and are low on egalitarianism. In such cultures,
less powerful citizens are accepting of unequal power
distribution in society.
Uncertainty Avoidance: The importance of
predictability, structure, and order (high uncertainty
avoidance) versus a willingness for risk-taking and an
acceptance of ambiguity and limited structure (low
uncertainty avoidance). People from cultures low on
uncertainty avoidance like India tend to have higher
tolerance for uncertainty and are more accepting of
differing opinions, spontaneity, are competitive and
value risk and adventure over security.
Masculinity-Femininity: A belief in achievement
and ambition (masculine) versus a belief in nurturing
and caring for others (feminine). Masculine cultures
like India value achievement orientation, material
possessions, and success.

(Hofstede, Geert. Culture’s Consequences, Comparing Values,
Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations Across Nations
Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2001)

India Culture and Values
India is a traditional society full of symbols, rituals, traditional values and contextual elements. At a
macro-level, Indian culture can be described using five cultural values based on the work of Hofstede
(1980). Professor Geert Hofstede conducted perhaps the most comprehensive study of how values
in the workplace are influenced by culture and is the author of several books including “Culture’s
Consequences”, and “Cultures and Organizations, Software of the Mind”.
Hofstede demonstrated that there are national and regional cultural groupings that affect the behavior
of societies and organizations that are very persistent across time. Hofstede’s research showed that
cultural values like Individualism-Collectivism, Power Distance, Masculinity-Femininity,
High-Low Context and Uncertainty Avoidance can be used to categorize various national
cultures. (See sidebar for definitions of these terms.)
A country’s culture is made unique by which of these five values are incorporated into daily life and the
emphasis it puts on each. For example, the India rates significantly on four of the five values.

Insights Into Indian Consumer Values:
LLFamily: Family ties, both nuclear and extended, are extremely important to Indian consumers. It
is expected that families will share resources with their members. In addition, families often go
shopping together, if only to window-shopwhile 60% of web users in India visit online retail sites.
LLLuxury Brands: Double digit growth in India’s luxury market drew strong attention from various
global luxury brands during 2011 and 2012. Whilst India is one of the smaller markets in value
terms globally, its growing number of high net worth individuals and their strong appetite for luxury
products ensured that the market saw one of the strongest growth rates in the Asia Pacific region.
Increasing disposable incomes, the slow improvement in infrastructure as well as the expansion of
modern retailing and influence of Western culture all provided a solid platform for promising growth
for luxury goods. (Euromonitor)

India Consumer Decision-Making:
€€Movies: India is a country that is highly influenced by films, which dictate fashion in clothes and
often activities, such as weddings.
€€Price: The consumers of India do not want to seem cheap, but price is an important factor in
decision-making. Therefore, instead of always looking for the lowest price, they look for the best
value-for-money.

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II.

India Culture and the Online Consumer
Demographics Definitions

ÌÌSocio-demographics: The analysis of
different social groups. The criteria used
to segment consumers based on age,
economics, etc.
ÌÌGeographics: The geographical
distribution of the market being
analyzed. The criteria used to segment
these consumers can be country, region,
town, etc. For example, consumers can
be segmented by residence or work.
(about.com)
ÌÌPsychographics: The criteria used to
segment consumers based on lifestyle,
attitudes, personality, buying motives,
and/or extent of product usage.
(about.com)

Consumer Segments of the India (Euromonitor):
””Tweenagers: This consumer segment is aged between 10-13 years old. They are an important
influence on family decision making due to increased awareness through television and advertising.
In addition, they are able to persuade their parents into making purchases of both products and
gadgets that they want. Among tweenage boys, the sport of cricket is a huge passion. Tweenagers
have influence over new food choices in their house, from chocolate bars to cereal, as well as some
new technology gadgets.
””Teenagers: This consumer segment is aged between 14-19. They utilize new technology and are
heavy users of value-added services, include SMS, social networking and cricket score updates.
Although, most teenagers still rely on their parents for pocket money, a new part of an allowance
would be pre-paid SIM cards. Teenagers are extremely conscious of their physical appearance and
are beginning to fuel the demand for skin care products. In addition, teenagers are still interested in
Cricket and like to purchase books, music and footwear. They are also starting to attend movies and
socialize with their friends outside of the home.
””Studying Age: Studying age for India begins in grade 12, when students are taking their schoolexit exams. Their greatest concerns are to get into school and to be able to save money for it.
Therefore, during the summer breaks, members of this group usually have a summer job and those
that don’t are pursuing more social activities that will give them life experience, such as river
rafting or rock climbing. Because males in Indian society are more highly valued than girls and are
indulged, the boys in the Studying Age segment have been labeled directionless. Girls, on the other
hand are often labeled ambitious. Outside of a small percentage of high-ranking boys, girls are
scoring much higher on the competitive exams and making faster progress the boys.
””Young Adults: This consumer segment has their first job. They are purchasing more material items for
themselves, saving money for a house, attempting to advance their career and trying to find a life partner.
””Middle-Aged Adults: This consumer segment is between 45 - 55 years old and often finds that
its children are either preparing to leave or have left their home. Men and women might find that
this is an appropriate time to make a career or job change or are start their own company. They are
focusing on saving money for the future and helping their children through school.
””Baby Boomers: This consumer segment ranges in age from 42 – 60. They were born in an era of
constrained resources, so they are cautious about consumerist tendencies. They have adopted the
functional uses of cell phones, but still prefer not to use credit cards or buy brand-name clothes.
The primary purchases of this consumer segment are health-related products, education for
children, retirement planning, insurance products and travel/leisure.
””Pensioners: This consumer segment is 60 and older. They are starting to break with some of the
Indian traditions. Due to financial difficulties, instead of living with their oldest son and allowing
him to take care of them, many pensioners are deciding to live independently. There has been an
increase in retirement communities and the perception of them is changing.

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III. The Hindi Language
Language Facts/Tips
ÌÌDiacritics: These marks also known
as matra, can be placed above, below,
before or after letters to represent
different vowel sounds.
ÌÌNumbers: Hindi numbers can either be
represented by either Devanagari Script
or numeric digits, for example ९ versus 9.

Hindi is an Indo-Aryan language and a direct descendent of Sanskrit through Prakrit and Apabhramsha.
Over 180 million people speak Hindi as their first language and over 300 million speak it as their
second language. In addition, Hindi is the third most spoken language in the world.
(http://www.cs.colostate.edu/~malaiya/hindiint.html)
Standard Hindi, along with English, is one of the 22 official languages of India and used for
administration of the central government. (Wikipedia.com).

ÌÌText expansion: When some
languages, such as English, are
translated into Hindi, the text can expand
up to 25-35%. This means the text takes
up more physical space on the page and
the words inside the graphics, tool bars,
tables, etc. can all expand.
ÌÌDouble-Byte: Hindi is a double-byte
language and single-byte will not work.
ÌÌLetters: Hindi words can change
depending on the context. Therefore,
articulatory phonetics is used to
determine the order to the letters in a
word. (omniglot.com)
ÌÌScript: There are several scripts that
can be used to write Hindi. The most
common script is Devanagari script,
although some Arabic scripts can be
used for Hindi letters. (omniglot.com) It
is important to consistently use the same
script throughout the translation process.

The primary script used in India for Hindi is Devanagari, which is written left-to-right and utilizes
the Alphasyllabary writing system. There are several important features of the Devanagari script:
(omniglot.com)
ÂÂConsonant letters carry an inherent vowel which can either be altered or muted by means of
diacritics or matra
ÂÂVowels can be written as independent letters. In addition, they can be written using a variety of
diacritical marks above, below, before or after the consonant to which they belong.
ÂÂWhen consonants appear together in clusters, special letters are used to conjoin them.
ÂÂArticulatory phonetics is used to determine the order of the letters.

5 of 14



IV. Website Globalization
Whether you are trying to launch a multilingual website in order to expand the markets for your
products and services, or you are trying to increase your company’s global operational efficiencies by
developing multilingual extranets and intranets, Website Globalization is a requirement to make either
a reality. In order to enable your web presence to communicate, conduct and complete international
e-Business, you need to translate (globalize) your website.
Website translation is also known as “Website Globalization”. In order to truly “translate” a website
into other languages you may need both Internationalization (I18n) and Localization (L10n) services.

+
Internationalization (I18n) involves enabling the backend of a website to handle different
languages, character sets, currencies, submit form data, site search capabilities, etc… and involves
understanding what database and content management systems you are using to author, store and
publish your site’s content.
Localization (L10n) involves translating and localizing the front end of your website into different
languages ensuring all content (text and graphics) is translated in an accurate and culturally correct
manner.

6 of 14



V.

India Cultural Correctness
and Web Customization
Cultural Customization: Key Issues
The basis for cultural customization of websites is a theoretically-sound, empirically-validated
framework built on five unique cultural values that account for similarities and differences across
global cultures. Research studies indicate that attitude towards web sites, interactivity and
usability of web sites, as well as purchase intentions at web sites are enhanced when
sites are congruent with the target customers’ cultural predispositions. (See “The Culturally
Customized Web Site”, Elsevier)
The cultural customization framework is drawn from established research and is based on five unique
values: Individualism-Collectivism, Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance, Masculinity-Femininity,
and Low-High Context. (See page 3 of this report)
These five predominant country cultural values can be represented in comparison to other countries
using the maps below:
Masculinity - Femininity vs. Uncertainty Avoidance

Power Distance vs. Individualism - CollecƟvism
100

Individualism - CollecƟvism Index

Uncertainty Avoidance Index

100

ÌÌIndia

50

Masculinity - Femininity Index

0
0
Arab World
Canada
Czech Republic
El Salvador
Guatemala
Iran
Japan
o r ay
oland
South Korea
hailand
n ited States

50
ArgenƟna
Chile
Czech Republic
Finland
Hong Kong
Ireland
Malaysia
akistan
ortugal
Spain
urkey
rugua y

Australia
China
Denmark
France
Hungary
Israel
Me ico
anama
Russia
S eden
S Hispanic Market
enezuela

100
Austria
Colombia
East Africa
Germany
India
Italy
eth erlands
eru
Singapore
S itzerland
n ited Arab Emirates
West Africa

Brazil
Costa Rica
Ecuador
Greece
Indonesia
Jamaica
e
ealand
hilippines
South Africa
ai an
n ited Kingdom

ÌÌIndia
50

Power Distance Index

0
0
Arab World
Brazil
Colombia
El Salvador
Hungary
Iran
Malaysia
akistan
ortugal
Spain
S Hispanic Market
enezuela

50
ArgenƟna
Canada
Costa Rica
Finland
Hong Kong
Israel
Me ico
anama
Russia
S eden
n ited Arab Emirates
West Africa

Australia
Chile
Czech Republic
France
India
Italy
eth erlands
eru
Singapore
S itzerland
n ited Kingdom

100
Austria
China
Denmark
Germany
Indonesia
Jamaica
e
ealand
hilippines
South Africa
ai an
n ited States

Belgium
Colombia
East Africa
Guatemala
Ireland
Japan
o r ay
oland
South Korea
urkey
rugua y

Cultural Maps for India
Tables and section based on the book, “The Culturally Customized Website: Customizing Web Sites for the Global Marketplace” – by Nitish Singh and Arun Pereira. Cultural maps are from
Hofstede, Geert. Culture’s Consequences, Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organization Across Nations Thousand Oaks CA: Sage Publications)

7 of 14



V.


The Cultural Customization Scorecard
Once we have identified the country’s predominant cultural values using the cultural maps, the next step in customizing a website is to evaluate the site on the
cultural values relevant. This can be done in the form of the Cultural Customization Scorecard. The scorecard is produced by analyzing the site on the features
that conform to the cultural values of that market.
The cultural values of interest for India are Collectivism, Masculinity, Low Context, Power Distance and Uncertainty Avoidance. These are carefully derived
based on the cultural distinctions that are meaningful to the members of a given society. (For a detailed cultural analysis of your website, please contact
mspethman@globalizationpartners.com)

The Cultural Customization Scorecard™ - India
Values

Individualism

Collectivism

Uncertainty
Avoidance

Power
Distance

Masculinity

Low
Context

High
Context

Cultural
Scores

Grading Scale:
> 90%

Excellent Customization on Cultural Value

70-89%

Good Customization on Cultural Value

< 70%

Poor Customization on Cultural Value

Cultural Customization (Examples)
ÂÂIndividualism: India is an individualistic
culture. The targeted websites may be
culturally customized to a degree by
emphasizing values important in such cultures.
These include and “I-consciousness”, a strong
privacy statement and emphasizing the
uniqueness, reliability and distinctiveness of
products. For example, the Oberoi, Mumbai
website highlights the quality and uniqueness
of its products and how they are designed
to pamper a person. This is exemplified by
a picture of a woman receiving a massage.

ÂÂMasculinity: India is a masculine culture.
There are numerous ways masculinity can
be depicted for the Indian audience. These
include achievement orientation, success,
product durability, as well as a sense of
adventure and fun. For example, Colgate is
hosting a contest to meet Bollywood stars
to promote their new MaxFresh toothpaste
in India.

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V.


ÂÂPower Distance: Since India’s score is high
on power distance, cultural customization
may be achieved by adding elements that
emphasize this value. For example, displaying
awards or honors that a company or the
brand has received are ways to dictate power
distance. For example, Dukan Fine Arts and
Antiques highlights their history and current
accomplishments and has a picture of all the
past owners (CEO’s).

ÂÂUncertainty Avoidance: India is not a riskadverse society and rates low on uncertainty
avoidance. Blogs, discussion boards and
product rankings are features in a site that
compliment this type of culture because they
elicit customer feedback and interaction.
For example, Maya Organic highlights its
entrepreneurial spirit and encourages people
to build communities based around this
very spirit.

Website Customization Considerations
Symbols and Icons
An ancient culture like India has a long list of symbols and icons that carry special cultural meaning. It is important to be aware of them to avoid any
cultural blunders and inadvertent use of offensive symbols.
Some examples:
LLFeet: Feet are considered unclean. Therefore,
one should not point their feet at another
person. In addition, if one’s shoes or feet touch
someone else’s shoes or feet, it is important to
apologize.
LLThe Head: The head is considered the seat
of the soul. Touching another person’s head
should be avoided.

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V.


LLFinger Pointing: Pointing with a finger can be interpreted as an offensive gesture, at
times denoting annoyance and should be avoided.
LLDeath: Frangipani blossoms are associated with funerals and should not be used as gifts.
LLUnlucky: The colors black and white are considered unlucky.
LLAnimals: Cows are considered to be sacred creatures by Hindus.

Colors
For India, certain colors carry specific meaning and symbolize aspects of their culture.
€€Red: Purity, fertility
€€Yellow: Merchants
€€White: Unhappiness, mourning
€€Pink: Femininity

Spatial Orientation:
Spatial orientation refers to how web content is structured. According to Wendy Barber and Albert Badre, authors of Culturability: The Merging of Culture
and Usability, spatial orientation has a direct effect on website usability, because it affects visual perception. Manipulating the orientation can change the
user’s comfort level. What is user-friendly for one country may be vastly different for another. Websites in India should be oriented left-to right just as they
are in the U.S.

Text Length:
When translating a document or website, it is
important to take into account how the length
of the text will change after translation. There
are a variety of reasons why text expansion
occurs. Equivalent phrases in a target language
may have more characters or words than in
English, and some cultures prefer using a
more formal style than other cultures, avoiding
abbreviations, for example. Additionally, for
both documents and websites both line and
page breaks may be different in the localized
version than in the English version. Finally, the
layout of the document or website itself may
change depending on the direction of the text. For
example, Urdu is a bi-directional language and is
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V.


read right-to-left, which will not only switch the
layout of the text, but also the graphics, the tool
bars, the navigation bars, and the binding of the
book, etc... .
There can either be text expansion or contraction
when a document or website is translated from
English into a target language. For example, Hindi
can expand up to 30% when translated from
English. With document localization, there are
several steps that can be taken to help preserve
the integrity of the look and feel “layout” of the
document. These include:

Notice how Nokia.com utilizes red coloring to signify purity. They emphasize the “I-factor” in their language and use a popular
Iconic figure to promote their new service “XpressMusic” by having a “Do the Remix” contest. Additionally, they have developed
a whole website to this contest, focusing on the rules, showcasing the entries and the iconic Bollywood figure.

LLUsing a larger font in the original language, if it is expected the language will expand during translation. This will help to develop a better feel for the
final size of the document and how the document elements will be laid out relative to the text. If the text is expected to shrink, use a slightly smaller font
for the same reasons.
LLTables and graphics may need to be resized or changed. Some, like the Urdu or Malayalam layout, will require more finessing than others.

11 of 14



VI. Internet and Search Engine Marketing

for India
The key to promoting a website internationally is to create localized content and keywords, register
local domain names and then promote it through local search engines, affiliate marketing, online and
offline branding and positions.

It is recommended that firms plan on and conduct some
form of global search engine marketing (SEM) in order
to drive traffic to their new language sites.
This may include global search engine optimization of
your localized web content, submission of pages to
key country (locale) search engines, and a pay-per-click
marketing campaigns through services like Google
Adwords or Overture.
For more information on Global SEM Services, see
www.globalizationpartners.com/SEM.

Some General Rules of India SEM
(http://www.praveenkodur.com/blog/)
ÌÌWebsites must be optimized for
mobile users.
ÌÌUse Google Trends.
ÌÌCreate a directory structure of listings
of localizations.
ÌÌTitle tags and headings.
ÌÌSub-domains, folders: India.example.com
for India
ÌÌCommon Words, for Example: Green City
Bangalore or Pink City Jaipur, not just
Bangalore or Jaipur
ÌÌDo not use IP Redirect.2.
ÌÌUse back links from geographic
specific sites.

A search engine marketing campaign for India should be multi-dimensional for both short-term and
long-term success. Pay-Per-Click campaigns on targeted websites and search engines should be
specific to India and also to the various geographic regions of India. There are 22 languages spoken in
India and each region has its own vernacular. It might be appropriate to utilize terms and languages
from a specific region to become more familiar with those targeted consumers.
Long-term search engine marketing plans should include the use of keywords in Hindi, English and
possibly a secondary targeted language for a specific region of India. This is due to the fact that
Hindi and English are the languages of the government of India, but there are also 22 other official
languages of India that represents the preferred languages of the different regions of India.
The top level domain in India is.in. Other domains that are popular in India are .com.in, .info.in, .net.in,
.gen.in, .info.in and .biz.in.

Top Search Engines in India
€€Google (97.64%)
€€Yahoo (0.76%)
€€Bing (0.63%)
€€Babylon (0.36%)
€€Conduit (0.17%)
Source: statcounter.com

References available upon request.

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VII. Social Media and Digital Marketing

for India
With the growth of global communications and marketing you need to adapt your social media
communication to different cultural audiences and locales.
Since social media is influencing all online communications, it is no longer enough just to localize
your content. In today’s dynamic, social networking charged environment, you need to adapt your
communication to match your target audience in India to make sure that your message and intent is
successfully communicated.
It is recommended that firms plan on and conduct some
form of global social media localization in order to drive
traffic to their websites and social media profiles.
This may include global social media localization
of your content, social media optimization for local
networks, and advertising campaigns through services
like Facebook Advertising.
For more information on Global Social Media Services,
see www.globalizationpartners.com/SocialMedia

Key Insights from the Digital Landscape for India:
LLFacebook most important platform for marketers in India for engaging customers, followed by
Twitter, YouTube and blogging. (Source: ComScore)
LL86% Indian web users visit a Social Networking Site. The Mobile and Tablet traffic has grown to
14.2%. India now has the second largest online population in Asia Pacific. Its share has grown from
9.3% to 11.5%. (Source: ComScore)
LLThe Indian blogging audience grew 48 percent in the past year to 36 million visitors, while 26
percent of category traffic comes from mobile phones and tablets. (Source: ComScore)
LL54 million internet users in India watched online videos on their computer, representing a 27%
increase over the past year. (Source: ComScore)

Top Social Media Networks in India
€€Facebook (80.59%)
€€Twitter (5.74%)
€€Youtube (4.79%)
€€StumbleUpon (2.61%)
€€NowPublic (1.97%)

Source: statcounter.com

References available upon request.

13 of 14



Resources
Search Engines

ßßKhoj India Directory
www.khoj.com
ßßGoogle India
www.google.co.in
ßßAltaVista India
in.altavista.com
ßßYahoo! India
in.yahoo.com
ßßbyIndia
www.byindia.com
ßßEzilon - India
in.ezilon.com
ßßGoogle - India, Bengali
www.google.co.in/intl/bn
ßßGoogle - India, Biharia
www.google.com/intl/bh
ßßGoogle - India, Gujavati
www.google.com/intl/gu

ßßGoogle - India, Hindi
www.google.co.in/intl/hi
ßßGoogle - India, Kannada
www.google.com/intl/kn
ßßGoogle - India, Malayalam
www.google.com/intl/ml
ßßGoogle - India, Marathi
www.google.co.in/intl/mr
ßßGoogle - India, Oriya
www.google.com/intl/or
ßßGoogle - India, Punjabi
www.google.com/intl/pa
ßßGoogle - India, Tamil
www.google.co.in/intl/ta
ßßGoogle - India, Telugu
www.google.co.in/intl/te
ßßGuruji
www.guruji.com

ßßIndia Book
www.indiabook.com
ßßKempe Gowda
www.kempegowda.com/directory.html
ßßMathukiya
www.mathukiya.com
ßßODP India - Hindi
http://www.dmoz.org/World/Hindi/
क्षेत्रीय/एशिया/भारत/
ßßDialindia
www.dialindia.com
ßßJadoo
www.jadoo.com
ßßKriya
www.kriya.com
ßßNew India
www.newindia.com/seek

ßßLonely Planet
www.lonelyplanet.com/maps/asia/india/
ßßIndian Info
www.indiainfo.com
ßßInternet Public Library - India
www.ipl.org/div/news/browse/IN
ßßCenus of India
www.censusindia.gov.in
ßßTourIndia.com
www.tourindia.com/htm/homepage.htm
ßßIndia Site
www.indiasite.com/
ßßEconomist.com - India
www.economist.com/countries/India/
ßßPeople Daily - India
english.peopledaily.com.cn/data/india.html

ßßIndax
www.indax.com/internet.html
ßßInternet and Storage Association of India
www.iamai.in
ßßInternet in India
internetinindia.com
ßßISP Association of India
www.ispai.in
ßßBest Indian Sites
www.bestindiansites.com/search-engines

Useful Links
ßßOmniglot
www.omniglot.com/writing/hindi.htm
ßßU.S. Department of State
www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3454.htm
ßßInfoplease.com
www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107629.html
ßßLibrary of Congress Country Studies
in.reuters.com
ßßGeographia.com
www.geographia.com/india
ßßTimes of India
timesofindia.indiatimes.com
ßßIndia.org
www.india.org
ßß123India.com
www.123india.com

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