1. ITI Energy, College London

2. Our Client
 ITI Energy Limited
 Working in conjunction with Scotwaste
 Environmentally friendly company
 Specialises in gasification technology
 Developed patented advanced gasification design
 10 years experience

3. The Brief
 Design buildings, fuel handling, ash handling and
other buildings
 8 Gasifiers using ITI technology
 Investigate and recommend most suitable
 MBT technologies
 Technology for pellet manufacture
 Advise on use of excess heat and bottom ash

4. Site Location
1 km North of Junction 4, M8
2.5km from Bathgate rail station
Situated in the County of West Lothian,
South West of Edinburgh

5. General Process
Municipal Solid Waste
Mechanical Biological Treatment
Fuel Manufacturing
Gasifier
Syngas
Electricity
Exeter EfW Plant http://www.exeter-labour.org.uk/2012/05/08/energy-from-waste-plant/

6. Environmental & Waste Regulations
 Industrial Emissions Directive 2010/75/EU
 Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control
Directive 2008/1/EC
 Waste Incineration Directive 2000/76/EC
 Environmental Protection Act 1990
 Pollution Prevention and Control Regulations 2000
 Environmental Permitting Regulations 2010

7. Health and Safety
 Welfare
 clean, comfortable working environment, comfortable
and appropriate equipment
 Accidents
 slips, trips and falls, appropriate PPE, vehicle traffic,
cuts and infections, appropriate and well maintained
machinery
 Emergency procedures
 emergency shutdowns, fire evacuation plans, serious
injury response

8. Main Income Streams
 Renewable Obligations Certificates
 received at a rate of about 2 per hour during normal
operations
 can be sold to national electricity suppliers for about
£40 each
 Gate fees for receiving waste
 a typical MBT plant receives about £80 per tonne of
waste
 Selling generated electricity to a national supplier

9. Mechanical Biological Treatment
 Purpose:
 Reduce amount of waste going to landfill
 Reduce environmental impact
 Mechanical Processes
 Sorting
 Biological Processes
http://www.etan.com.sg/biological2.php

10. MBT - Mechanical
 Bag Splitters and Shredders
 prepare material for mechanical sorting
 Industrial Magnets
 ferrous metals
 Eddy Current Separator
 non-ferrous metals
 Ballistic Separation and Air Classification
 aggregate, glass, ceramics

11. MBT – Biological
 Three typical processes
 Aerobic composting
 Aerobic bio-drying
 Anaerobic digestion
 Aerobic bio-drying most suitable treatment
 Partial aerobic decomposition to dry and stabilise waste
 Outputs solid recovered fuel (SRF)
 SRF used in gasification to produce energy

12. Pellets
 The Gasifier takes pellets as its input
 Improved performance
 More dense
 Less moisture
 More homogeneous
 Greater calorific value
 14 briquetting machines
http://www.tajagroproducts.com/images/NE
 270 000 pellets per hour W%20FILE%20IMAGES/bricket_10452474.jpg
 100 000 tonnes of pellets per year

13. Pellet Transport
Briquetting machines  5 Day Storage  Gasifiers
 Conveyor belts for transport
 Smart conveyor system
 Takes pellets to appropriate gasifier
 Potentially weigh at either end of the conveyor

14. Gasifier
 Type of Advanced Thermal Treatment
 Continuous thermal decomposition process
 Produces fuel gas which can be used to produce
electricity with an internal combustion engine

15. Power Generation & Grid Connection
 Power produced by the gasifiers
is sold to the grid
 Scottish Energy Transmission
 33kV national grid connection in
nearby Bathgate
 Possibility of private connections
closer by.
(Energy Networks Association, 2011)

16. Heat Exporting
 Recoverable heat is
approximately 115% of gross
power output
Heat Exporting
 Two main ways of exporting
energy
Direct District Organic Rankine
Heating Cycle  No considerable heat demand in
the area
 Consequences of direct district
heating system failure are too
high

17. Organic Rankine Cycle
 Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) converts heat into electrical work.
The heat is externally supplied to a closed system where high
molecular mass fluid is used as working fluid
 ORC can particularly benefit smaller stations making plant
operation more profitable
(Pratt & Whitney Power Systems, n.d.)

18. Ash
 Inorganic or mineral content of biomass,
which remains after gasification.
 non-hazardous waste
 amount of ash differs from types of
feedstock
 Uses:
 Raw material for cement, bricks, structural
fill, aggregates for concrete, road materials,
land reclamation, soil modification
RESI Corporation, http://www.resi.com.tw/Fluidization.htm

19. Site Design
Looking ahead:
 Main Structures
 MBT
 Gasifier Plant
 Site Logistics
 Entrance/Exit
 Roads
 Storage
 Numerous Considerations
 i.e. proximity of households, legislation, etc…

20. Design Selection
 Appealing Design
 Case Studies
 Severnside energy from waste plant
 Exeter
 Amagerforbraending (Denmark)
http://www.bustler.net/index.php/article/big_puts_a_ski_slope_on_c
http://www.utilityweek.co.uk/news/images/195878.jpg
openhagens_new_waste-to-energy_plant/

21. Schedule and Critical Activities
Week 1: Preliminary Research
Week 2: Technical Decisions and Site Layout
 MBT equipment selection
 Pelleting Method
 Power connection
Week 3: Logistics and Building Design
 On-site Transportation
 Storage
 Structural Design
Week 4 & 5: Finish Tasks, Finalise Report and Extras
 Visitors Center
 Monitoring & Landscaping