3. SOLAR WATER HEATING (HOT WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM)
BASIC ELEMENTS
FLAT PLATE COLLECTOR
STORAGE TANK
CIRCULATION SYSTEM& AUXILARY SYSTEM
CONTROL OF THE SYSTEM
COMMERCIAL DESIGNS
NATURAL CIRCULATION SOLAR WATER HEATER (PRESSURISED)
NATURAL CIRCULATION SOLAR WATER HEATER (NON-PRESSURISED)
FORCED CIRCULATION SOLAR WATER HEATER
4. 1. NATURAL CIRCULATION SOLAR WATER
HEATER(PRESSURISED) HOT WATER
DISTRIBUTION
INSULATION
AUXILARY
HEATER
HOT WATER
TANK
≥0.3M
SOLAR COLD WATER
COLLECTOR FROM MAINS
SCHEME OF A NATURAL CIRCULATION SOLAR WATER HEATER
5. COLD
WATER
INSULATION
HOT WATER
AUXILARY
HEATER
HOT WATER
SOLAR TANK
COLLECTOR
ONE
WAYCHECK
VALVE
NON PRESSURISED SOLAR WATER HEATER
6. FORCED CIRCULATION SOLAR WATER HEATER
HOT WATER TANK
TEMPERATURE
AUXILARY
SOLAR HEATER
COLLECTOR
COLLECTOR
SENSOR
ONE PUMP INSULATED
WAY SWITCH TANK
TANK TEMPERATURE
CHECK
SENSOR
VALVE
COLD
WATER
PUMP
SCHEMATIC OF A FORCED CIRCULATION SOLAR WATER HEATER
7. SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM WITH ANTIFREEZE
ANTI FREEZ SOLUTION HOT WATER
DISTRIBUTION
HOT WATER
HEAT
EXCHANGE AUXILARY
R HEATER
COLD SERVICE
WATER
PUMP
8. SPACE HEATING ( SOLAR HEATING OF
BUILDINGS)
PASSIVE HEATING SYSTEMS
BASIC DESIGN PRINCIPLES OF PASSIVE SOLAR
SPACE–HEATING SYSTEM WITHOUT MECHANICAL
COMPONENTS.
DIRECT GAIN
THERMAL STORAGE WALL
ATTACHED SUN SPACE
ROOF STORAGE
CONVECTIVE LOOP
9. CONCRETE WALL 20 CM
THICK
GLASS
COVER
BLACKEN
DSURFAC
E
PASSIVE SOLAR HEATING SYSTEM
10. ROOF STORAGE
S u n r a y s
MOVABL SNAGNANT AIR SPACE
E PLASTIC WATER
PANNELS BAG
WATER WATER
METAL
CONTAINER
METAL ROOF
ROOF STORAGE OF SOLAR HEAT
11. CONVECTIVE LOOP
AIR
CONTROL CIRCULATION
VALVE
RETURN
AIR
THERMAL
STORAGE
CONVECTIVE LOOP PASSIVE SOLAR HEATING
12. ACTIVE SPACE HEATING SYSTEM
AUXILARY
TO
BUILDING
WATER TANK
STORAGE
UNIT
3 WAY VALVE
FROM BUILDING
PUMP
PUMP
SCHEME OF A BASIC HOT WATER ACTIVE SYSTEM
13. WATER STORAGE TANK HOT WATER DISTRIBUTION
ANTI FREEZ AUXILARY HEATER
SOLUTION TO DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
BY PASS
3 WAY VALVE
RETURN FROM
DISTRIBUTION
PUMP
COLD SERVICE WATER
PUMP
SOLAR SPACE HEATING AND HOT WATER SYSTEM
14. BASIC HOT AIR SYSTEM
AUXILARY HEATER
DAMPER 3 WAY VALVE
HEATED AIR TO
DISTRIBUTION
BY PASS
ROCK
STORAGE
RETURN FROM
DISTRIBUTION
DAMPER 3 WAY VALVE
BLOWER BLOWER
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF A BASIC HOT AIR HEATING SYSTEM
15. SPACE COOLING (SOLAR COOLING OF BUILDING)
ABSORPTION AIR CONDITIONING
CONDENSER EV
COOLING TOWER EVAPARATOR
AUXILARY HEATER
TO COOLED ESPAC
GENERATOR HEAT EXCHANGER
STORAGE
TANK
COOLING WATER IN
HEAT EXCHANGER ABSORBER
PUMP 3-WAY PUMP PUMP
PUMP VALVE
SOLAR COLLECTOR & STORAGE ABSORPTION AIR CONDITIONER
SCHEME OF SOLAR OPERATED ABSORPTION AIR CONDITIONER
19. Thermal electric conversion system
Low temperature cycles using flat plate collector or solar
pond
Concentrating collectors for medium & high temperature
cycle
Power tower concept to central receiver system
Distributed collector system
20. THERMAL ELECTRIC CONVERSION SYSTEM
HOT WATER
COOLING TOWER
CONDENCER
COLD WATER
PUMP
SOLAR RADIATION
EVAPARATOR
BOILER
SOLAR POND
PUMP
ORGANIC WORKING COLD WATER
TURBINE FLUID
GENERATOR
ELECTRICAL POWER OUTPUT
FLOW DIAGRAM OF SOLAR POND ELECTRIC POWER PLANT
21. Thermal energy from a solar pond is used to drive a
Rankine cycle heat engine. Hot water from bottom level
of the pond is pumped to the evaporator where the
organic working fluid is vaporised. The vapour flows
under high pressure to the turbine and there by
expanding through the turbine wheels, and the electric
generator linked to it. The vapour then travel to the
condenser where cold water from the cooling tower
condenses the vapour back it to the evaporator where
the cycle is repeated.
22. Water circuit
Solar array
Butane
boiler
Butane turbine
pump
pump
well
Water for irrigation
purpose
condenser
SCHEMATIC OF A LOW TEMPERATURE SOLAR POWER PLANT
23. This system has array of flat- plate collectors to heat
water up to nearly 70o and in the heat exchanger , the
heat of water is used for boiling furnace. The high
pressure butane vapour runs a butane turbine which
operate a hydraulic pump which pumps the water
from well and used for irrigation. The exhausted
butane vapour from butane turbine is condensed with
the help of water which is pumped by the pump. This
condensed butane is fed to the heat exchanger
24. shield
Absorber tube
Stay rods Solar ray
Chain drive
Chain drive
Mirror strips
Jack shaft
A typical parabolic cylindrical concentrator
25. Spherical Central Receiver
Black body Cavity Unit
Insulation Sun Rays
Electrical
power output
Alternator
Compressor
Heat sink
One of the Heliostats of the Field
Recuperator
Schematic of a Central Tower receiver associated with a field of flat mirrors and a gas
26. in a recuperative furnace a system of thin-
walled ducts through which incoming air
and exhausted gases pass separately so
that the air is heated by the gases.
27.
28.
29.
30. Description of the System
The tower with the central receiver on top of it
The heat conversion subsystem
The heat storage device
The field of oriented mirrors.
31. In this system , the incoming solar radiation is focused
to a central receiver or a boiler mounted on a tall tower using
thousands of plane reflectors, which are steerable about two
axes and are called heliostats. A schematic view of an electric
power plant using gas turbine is shown in figure. The mirrors
are installed on the ground and are oriented so as to reflect
the direct beam radiation in to an absorber or boiler which is
mounted on the top of a tower located near the centre of the
field of mirrors to produce high temperature.
Beam radiation incident on boiler absorbed by black
pipes in which working fluid circulates and is heated. The
working fluid is allowed to drive a turbine and produce
mechanical energy. The turbine which is coupled to an
alternator produces electrical energy. A suitable heat storage is
also provided to supply the hest energy during the periods of
cloudiness.
32.
33.
34. 1 Wave Energy
Kinetic energy (movement) exists in the
moving waves of the ocean. That energy can
be used to power a turbine. In this simple
example, (illustrated to the right) the wave
rises into a chamber. The rising water forces
the air out of the chamber. The moving air
spins a turbine which can turn a
generator.When the wave goes down, air flows
through the turbine and back into the chamber
through doors that are normally closed.
This is only one type of wave-energy system.
Others actually use the up and down motion of
the wave to power a piston that moves up and
down inside a cylinder. That piston can also
turn a generator.
Most wave-energy systems are very small. But,
they can be used to power a warning buoy or a
small light house.
2 Tidal Energy
Another form of ocean energy is called tidal
energy. When tides comes into the shore, they
can be trapped in reservoirs behind dams.
Then when the tide drops, the water behind
the dam can be let out just like in a regular
