1. Research and Development of Hydro-ecological
Spatial Database and Management System
ZHANG Li ZHANG Yan
Department of Life Science School of Earth Science and Resources
Cangzhou Normal University Chang’an University
Cangzhou, China Xi’an, China
E-mail: yangjingli@126.com E-mail: zyzhangy@chd.edu.cn
XU Bin ZHENG Miaomiao
School of Environmental Science and Engineering Geo-Environmental Monitoring Central Station of Shaanxi
Chang’an University Province
Xi’an, China Xi’an, China
E-mail: xubin@chd.edu.cn E-mail kitteny@126.com
Abstract-Using spatial database, geographic information system Monitoring of hydro-ecological system is in a wide range
(GIS) technology and system engineering theory, the and has large amounts of data, and integrated the spatial
hydro-ecological spatial database was built, and the orresponding location information of observatory, sampling point, well in the
hydro-ecological spatial database management information hydrological data. The observed data were associated with a
system was designed and developed. From aspects of the data specific position, this make the ability of data processing and
organization and classification, the overall structure of the analysis was expanded from the time dimension to the spatial
database, database construction processes and data integration dimensions. It can correlate the temporal and spatial
methods, the design and key technologies of hydro-ecological characteristics of the data together to do the analysis.
spatial database were elaborated and discussed. And combining
with this database, the hydrological database management Spatial database is a geographical elements data set, which
system based on ArcGIS Engine was developed. The functions of organized according to the model and rules, for the better
management, storage, query, analysis were realized in the system. management and use of geospatial data [2]. Spatial database
The system provided a integrated data processing platform for organizes the spatial data into a hierarchical data objects,
the security evaluation and prediction of hydro-ecological system including object classes, feature classes, feature data sets.
in arid areas, effectively improved efficiency of the mass data
storage, management, processing and spatial analysis capabilities, Spatial information technology can achieve the unified
as well as increased the work efficiency. spatial data and attribute data management, inter-query of
shape and attribute, make the expression of the hydrological
Keywords-hydro-ecological; spatial database; geographic
information more intuitive, and more conducive to professional
information system; design and development
issues analysis. This paper discussed the key technology of
I. INTRODUCTION building hydro-ecological spatial database and the development
of the corresponding information systems about
For a long time, the processing, store and service of the hydro-ecological spatial data management. The author took
hydrological data mainly depend on hydrological yearbook. In Shihezi reclamation area in arid areas of Xinjiang province,
this way, people manually abstract and analyze the data China as an example study area, built the hydro-ecological
according to the specification of hydrologic data processing, spatial database and developed the hydro-ecological spatial
and publish the yearbook to provide services for public [1]. database management information system of arid area.
The hydrological data have the characteristics of abundant
content and large amount data and rigorous inspection, which II. THE CONTENT OF HYDRO-ECOLOGICAL SPATIAL
make processing of data time-consuming, laborious, and DATABASE
expensive. Storage of the yearbook needs dedicated space,
equipment and staff, and it is not easily stored for long time, For 50 years, the nation and Xinjiang province have carried
and the manual searching method is outmoded. With the out a series of large-scale comprehensive survey of the Manas
introduction of GIS technology into the hydrology field, the River basin in Shihezi reclamation area, and accumulated
management of hydrological data has developed into the abundant information, including the publication of the various
database management phase. Various types of hydrological thematic maps, amounts of multimedia data, history, real-time
data management information system is developed and applied hydrological data, social economic, hydraulic engineering,
to the related research. irrigation data, graphics and multi-scale basic geographic data,
remote sensing image data, ecological monitoring data and
Sponsor: “Subjects Innovation and Talents Introduction Plan of Colleges
and Universities” (B08039)
___________________________________
978-1-61284-340-7/11/$26.00 ©2011 IEEE

2. variety of thematic data, etc. These data are the entire basis for B. Classification of the Data Type
hydro-ecological management in the basin. In order to According to the basic principles of spatial data
effectively manage the massive data and realize the unified classification, the hydro-ecological spatial database includes
management and evaluation of water resources in Shihezi, the two categories of data i.e. the basic geographic data and the
database and spatial information technology need be taken as thematic data of hydro-ecology.
the main technical means. Under the control of the uniform
specifications and standards, to design the reasonable storage All major categories of data are divided into different
structure and build the hydro-ecological spatial database of subclass according the different physical characteristics which
Shihezi reclamation area, complete the hard work of collect represented by spatial information, each subclass data has its
basic data for the data processing subsystem, and develop the special connotation [3]. According to the hydro-ecological
corresponding data management system, construct the operable properties of spatial data, data are divided into five major
hydro-ecological mass data services platform of Shihezi, at the subclasses: basic geographic data, basic geological data,
meantime effectively support data access for other subsystems, socio-economic data, hydrological data, and data of the
provide the basis services for rational use of water sources and ecological environment (Fig. 1).
protection of hydro-ecological environment. Basic geographic data includes administrative region,
The specific content is as follows: drainage, transportation, topography, vegetation, and
monitoring station. Administrative region includes
x According to the national standards and industry administrative boundary, and irrigation district boundary;
standards, integrating the special requirements of Drainage includes rivers and lakes, reservoirs, hydraulic
hydro-ecological system of Shihezi reclamation area, engineering. Transportation includes railway and roads;
establish the data coding system, system construction Topography factors include contours and elevation point;
specifications, to provide unified standards for geomorphic factor of different landforms; Factors of vegetation
construction of the basic database, the thematic includes vegetation types, vegetation area; Monitoring station
database, the results database. includes meteorological station and hydrologic station.
x On the basis of attribute data collection in Shihezi Basic geological data includes formation and lithologic
reclamation area, build the hydrological, ecological, character, structure, and so on.
environmental, hydraulic engineering, social and
economic etc. thematic database system, implement Social economic data including area of irrigation district,
the data integration, processing with the unified land use type and gross national product, agriculture and the
database standard, then develop and utilize the farmland area, population and gross domestic product (GDP)
application systems. growth rates, irrigation quota and so on.
x In the unified spatial coordinate framework, and based Data of the ecological environment includes land
on various types of digital topographic maps, thematic desertification type and degree of soil salinization, soil salt
maps, to build vector basin data management system content, soil moisture and vegetation coverage, water table
and digital elevation model (DEM), and develop the decline rate, buried deep groundwater, groundwater pollution
GIS-based database management system. zoning and groundwater mineralization zoning, groundwater
quality deterioration partition.
III. CLASSIFICATION AND ORGANIZATION OF
HYDRO-ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION AND DATA
A. Data Standardization Design
In order to effectively organize various kinds of spatial data,
improve efficiency of data transmission and utilization, and
achieve the goal of spatial data sharing, standardizing the
hydro-ecological spatial data in accordance with the relevant
standards and specification is the foundation and prerequisite
for construction of hydro-ecological spatial database
In this research, the referenced standards and guidelines are:
The Basic Terms of Surveying and Mapping, Subdivision and
Numbering for the National Primary Scale Topographic Map,
Classification and Codes for the Thematic Map Information,
Fundamental Geographic Information Metadata of Digital
Figure 1. Structure of hydro-ecological data classification
Products, Topographic Map Symbols (1:5000 and 1:10000),
Quality Standard for Groundwater, The Groundwater
C. Data Organization
Resources Data File Format, Hydrogeological Borehole Data
File Format, Hydrogeologic Terminology and part content of 1) Spatial Data Organization
the spatial database instruction of China Geological Survey According to the hierarchy of spatial data model, the
Bureau which applied in groundwater resources surveying and highest level is the database, the database is composed of
evaluation of Northwest China. classes, subclasses of the class can be divided into different

3. subclass, and the subclass is composed of several layers, that is,
Map -Class-Subclass-Layer. According to the logical hierarchy
of the data, various kinds of data in hydro-ecological spatial
database are defined as the different map layers with
considering the entity type and the corresponding attributes
which represented by the spatial information. In the system, the
data are organized and managed in the form of layer, which
corresponds with the physical memory unit. Layer definition
need to consider the convenience of shape operations,
management and calculation, as well as the major features of
the data itself. An example of the hierarchy of spatial data
model is as follows: Groundwater hydro-ecological spatial
database - groundwater environmental class - groundwater
hydro-chemical subclass - SO42- ion zoning layer.
2) Attribute Data Structures
Figure 2. Function structure of Hydro-ecological spatial database
Attribute data is the non-spatial data which describes the management system
characteristic, state, relationship and variation law of the map
element [4]. In information systems, such data’s management Hydro-ecological database stores massive graphic and
has two ways: one is to establish the build-in attribute tables of attribute data, manages hydrogeology , environment, ecology,
the map element for organization and management; the second social economy and geological different types of fundamental
is to construct external database to manage the attributes of the geographic data, provides data query , indexing, access
map element dynamically. functions to support the related work. Hydro-ecological spatial
database management system should also have data edit, data
IV. CONSTRUCTION OF HYDRO-ECOLOGICAL SPATIAL query, and security maintenance function (Fig. 2).
DATABASE
Spatial database construction mainly included: material B. System Implementation
collection, data preparation, attribute data collection and spatial In accordance with the design of system and database,
data collection, remote sensing image data collection, shapes using reusable software architecture and object - oriented
editing and topological construction, projection transformation, analysis and design techniques, based on ArcGIS Engine
map connection, format conversion, linking of spatial data and platform, the author developed hydro-ecological database
attribute data, and so on. Construction of hydro-ecological management system. In the system, database management, data
spatial database is implemented by ArcGIS spatial data browsing, data preprocessing, security management, and other
management module, spatial data are organized in the form of major functions were realized, and the user - friendly interface
the category tree. Construction steps of spatial database are as was designed for users convenient use, improved the work
follows: efficiency of database construction and management in
hydro-ecological security evaluation research, ensure the safety
x According to designed structures of system database, and effectiveness of data, has played an important role in the
define and construct every thematic database. research of hydro-ecological system. The results of the system
x According to the subclass content in database build implementation were shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.
elements data set at the corresponding location, and
define its spatial reference.
x According to the contained layer in subclass, define
the element class at the corresponding location.
x Using Feature Class to Geodatabase tools, import
Coverage data into spatial database.
V. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF HYDRO-ECOLOGICA
L SPATIAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
A. Architecture and Design System
Hydro-ecological database management system is the
system to manage, browse and maintenance hydro-ecological
spatial data, and exchange data between the database and the
management system by spatial data engine (SDE) [4].
Structure of the hydro-ecological database management system
was divided into three parts, four modules: database Figure 3. Hydro-ecological spatial database management system interface
management module, data browsing module, data
preprocessing module and security maintenance module.

4. and key technologies of hydro-ecological spatial database were
elaborated and discussed. And combining with this database,
the hydrological database management system based on
ArcGIS Engine was developed. The functions of management,
storage, query, analysis were realized in the system. The
system provided a integrated data processing platform for the
security evaluation and prediction of hydro-ecological system
in arid areas, effectively improved efficiency of the mass data
storage, management, processing and spatial analysis
capabilities, as well as increased the work efficiency.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This research was supported by the project “Subjects
Innovation and Talents Introduction Plan of Colleges and
Universities” (B08039), which is fund by State Foreign Affairs
Bureau and Ministry of Education, China.
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