![RGHPH]FODDLUH
JDVROLQDSDUDORVPRWRUHVGHJDVROLQD](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
Empfohlen
Weitere ähnliche Inhalte
Was ist angesagt?
Was ist angesagt? (18)
Ähnlich wie Mecanica _motores_sobrealimentados_turbo
Ähnlich wie Mecanica _motores_sobrealimentados_turbo (20)
Mehr von gonguibri
Mehr von gonguibri (20)
Kürzlich hochgeladen
Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)
Mecanica _motores_sobrealimentados_turbo
- 1. (VWHDUWtFXORHVWDVDFDGRGH0($1,$9LUWXDOODZHEGHORVHVWXGLDQWHVGHDXWRPRFLyQ SDUDYHUPDVDUWLFXORVFRPRHVWHHQWUDHQZZZLHVSDQDHVPHFDQLFDYLUWXDO $XWRU 'DQLPHJDQHER ,QWURGXFFLyQ (OXVRGHOWXUERHQORVPRWRUHVYLHQHGDGDSRUODQHFHVLGDGGHDXPHQWDUODSRWHQFLDVLQWHQHUTXHDXPHQWDU ODFLOLQGUDGD$XPHQWDUODSRWHQFLDGHSHQGHGHODFDQWLGDGGHFRPEXVWLEOHTXHPDGRHQFDGDFLFORGHWUDEDMR GHOQXPHURGHUHYROXFLRQHV 3HURWDQWRHQPRWRUHV'LHVHOFRPRHQORVGHJDVROLQDSRUPXFKRTXHDXPHQWHPRVHOFRPEXVWLEOHTXH KDFHPRVOOHJDUDOLQWHULRUGHODF iPDUDGHFRPEXVWLyQQRFRQVHJXLPRVDXPHQWDUVXSRWHQFLDVLHVWH FRPEXVWLEOHQRHQFXHQWUDDLUHVXILFLHQWHSDUDTXHPDUVH $VtSXHVVRORFRQVHJXLUHPRVDXPHQWDUODSRWHQFLDVLQYDULDUODFLOLQGUDGDQLHOU pJLPHQGHOPRWRUVL FRQVHJXLPRVFRORFDUHQHOLQWHULRUGHOFLOLQGURXQYROXPHQGHDLUHPRWRUHV'LHVHO
- 4. (QDOJXQRVFDVRVHQSD tVHVVLWXDGRVDJUDQGHVDOWLWXGHVRFRQFOLPDVPXFDOXURVRVH[LVWHODQHFHVLGDG GHFRPSHQVDUODGLPLQXFL yQGHODGHQVLGDGGHDLUHSURGXFLGDSRUXQDGLVPLQXFL yQGHODSUHVLyQRFDVLRQDGD SRUODDOWLWXGXQDGLPLQXFL yQGHODVPROpFXODVGHR[LJHQRSRUHODXPHQWRGHWHPSHUDWXUD3DUDWRGRVHOOROD VREUHDOLPHQWDFLyQHVODVROXFLyQTXHSRGHPRVDSRUWDU +DGRVIDEULFDQWHVSULQFLSDOHVDODKRUDGHFRQVWUXLUWXUFRFRPSUHVRUHVTXHVRQ*DUUHW NNN WDPELpQHVWiQ ,+,0+, 0LWVXELVKL
- 5. +ROVHW 7XUERGHODPDUFD*DWWHW /D6REUHDOLPHQWDFLyQHQPRWRUHVGHJDVROLQD (QHOFDVRGHORVPRWRUHVGHJDVROLQDODVREUHDOLPHQWDFL yQSUHVHQWDXQSUREOHPDLQLFLDOTXHKDGHWHQHUVH HQFXHQWDRPRVHKDYLVWRHQODFRPEXVWL yQGHORVPRWRUHVGHJDVROLQDHOSUREOHPDTXHDFDUUHD VREUHSDVDUXQDFLHUWDSUHVL yQGHFRPSUHVLyQSXHGHRFDVLRQDUSUREOHPDVGHSLFDGRELHQSRUDXWRHQFHQGLGR RSRUGHWRQDFLyQ (VWHSUREOHPDHVGHELGRDODXPHQWRGHWHPSHUDWXUDTXHVXIUHODPH]FODGHDLUH FRPEXVWLEOHGHQWURGHO FLOLQGURHQODFDUUHUDGHFRPSUHVL yQGHOPRWRUTXHVHUiWDQWRPDRUFXDQWRPDRUVHDHOYROXPHQGHPH]FOD SUHFLVDPHQWHHVORTXHSURYRFDODVREUHDOLPHQWDFL yQ
- 6. /DVROXFLyQSDUDHVWHSUREOHPDFRQVLVWHHQUHGXFLUODUHODFL yQGHFRPSUHVLyQSRUGHEDMRGHFRQHOILQGH TXHQRDXPHQWHGHPDVLDGRODSUHVL yQFRQHOORODWHPSHUDWXUDGHODPH]FODTXHSXHGHSURYRFDUHO DXWRHQFHQGLGRRODGHWRQDFL yQ 2WURSUREOHPDTXHKDTXHVXPDUDHVWRVPRWRUHVORUHSUHVHQWDHODXPHQWRGHODVFDUJDVW pUPLFDV PHFiQLFDV'HELGRDTXHODVSUHVLRQHVGXUDQWHHOFLFORGHWUDEDMRHQXQPRWRUVREUHDOLPHQWDGRVRQ PDRUHVHVWRVHWUDGXFHHQXQRVHVIXHU]RVPHF iQLFRVWpUPLFRVSRUSDUWHGHOPRWRUTXHKDTXHWHQHUHQ FXHQWDDODKRUDGHVXGLVH xRFRQVWUXFFLyQUHIRU]DQGRODVSDUWHVPHF iQLFDVPDVSURFOLYHVDOGHVJDVWH PHMRUDQGRODUHIULJHUDFLyQGHOPRWRU 2WUDFRVDDWHQHUHQFXHQWDHVODYDULDFL yQHQHOGLDJUDPDGHGLVWULEXFL yQ$VtSDUDXQPRWRU VREUHDOLPHQWDGRFXDQWRPDRUVHDHO$((DYDQFHDODDSHUWXUDGHODY iOYXODGHHVFDSH
- 8. HQFHQGLGRVWUDQVLVWRUL]DGRVRHOHFWU yQLFRV $GHPiVGHWRGRHOORODVREUHDOLPHQWDFL yQGHJDVROLQDKDGHWHQHUHQFXHQWDORVVLJXLHQWHVIDFWRUHV %RPEDGHJDVROLQDGHPDRUFDXGDOSUHVL yQSRUORTXHVHRSWDJHQHUDOPHQWHSRUERPEDVHO pFWULFDV
- 10. TXHHQIU tHHODLUHTXHVH KDFDOHQWDGRDOFRPSULPLUORSRUHOVLVWHPDGHVREUHDOLPHQWDFL yQDQWHVGHHQWUDUHQORVFLOLQGURVGHOPRWRU /DULTXH]DGHODPH]FODTXHLQIOXHGLUHFWDPHQWHHQODWHPSHUDWXUDGHORVJDVHVGHHVFDSHVLHOPRWRUHV WXUERDOLPHQWDGR VHUHGXFLU iODULTXH]DDUHJtPHQHVEDMRVHOHYDUDVtODWHPSHUDWXUDHQHOHVFDSHSDUD IDYRUHFHUHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHOD WXUELQDSRUHOFRQWUDULRVHHOHYDUDFRQUHJ tPHQHVDOWRVGLVPLQXHQGROD WHPSHUDWXUDGHHVFDSHDILQGHSURWHJHUODWXUELQD (QHOHVFDSHODVHFFL yQGHODVFDQDOL]DFLRQHVXQDYH]VXSHUDGDODWXUELQDVHDJUDQGDSDUDUHGXFLUHQOD PHGLGDGHORSRVLEOHODVFRQWUDSUHVLRQHVTXHVHRULJLQDQHQHVWHSXQWR$VLPLVPRDOSURGXFLUODWXUELQDXQD GHVFRPSUHVLyQGHORVJDVHVGHHVFDSHORVPRWRUHVWXUERVRQPXVLOHQFLRVRV /DFRQWDPLQDFLyQTXHSURYRFDQORVPRWRUHVWXUERDOLPHQWDGRVGHJDVROLQDHVFRPSDUDEOHDODGHXQPRWRU DWPRVIpULFRDXQTXHORVy[LGRVGHQLWUyJHQRVRQPDVLPSRUWDQWHVGHELGRDODVPDRUHVWHPSHUDWXUDV 3DUWLFXODULGDGHVVHJ~QHOVLVWHPDGHDOLPHQWDFL yQ VHJ~QVHDHOVLVWHPDXWLOL]DGRSDUDVREUHDOLPHQWDUHOPRWRUGHJDVROLQDHOFRPSUHVRUSXHGHDVSLUDUDLUHD WUDYpVGHOILOWURGHDLUHHQYLDUORFRPSULPLGRKDFLDHOFDUEXUDGRURELHQDVSLUDUPH]FODGHDLUH JDVROLQD SURFHGHQWHGHOFDUEXUDGRUHQYLDUORGLUHFWDPHQWHDORVFLOLQGURV(QHOSULPHUFDVRHOFDUEXUDGRUVHVLW ~D HQWUHHOWXUERFRPSUHVRUHOFROHFWRUGHDGPLVL yQHOVLVWHPDUHFLEHHOQRPEUHGHFDUEXUDGRUVRSODGR PLHQWUDVTXHHOVHJXQGRHOFDUEXUDGRUVHPRQWDDQWHVGHOWXUERGHQRPLQDQGRVHFDUEXUDGRUDVSLUDGR /DVREUHDOLPHQWDFLyQHQORVPRWRUHV'LHVHO (QHOFDVRGHORVPRWRUHV'LHVHOODVREUHDOLPHQWDFL yQQRHVXQDFDXVDGHSUREOHPDVVLQRWRGRORFRQWUDULR HVEHQHILFLRVRSDUDXQUHQGLPLHQWRRSWLPRGHOPRWRU(OKHFKRGHXWLOL]DUVRODPHQWHDLUHHQHOSURFHVRGH FRPSUHVLyQQRLQWURGXFLUHOFRPEXVWLEOHKDVWDHOPRPHQWRILQDOGHODFDUUHUDFRPSUHVL yQQRSXHGHFUHDU SUREOHPDVGHSLFDGRHQHOPRWRU$OLQWURGXFLUXQH[FHVRGHDLUHHQHOFLOLQGURDXPHQWDODFRPSUHVL yQOR TXHIDFLOLWDHOHQFHQGLGRHOTXHPDGRFRPSOHWRGHOFRPEXVWLEOHLQHFWDGRORTXHVHWUDGXFHHQXQDXPHQWR GHSRWHQFLDGHOPRWRU3RURWURODGRODPDRUSUHVL yQGHHQWUDGDGHDLUHIDYRUHFHODH[SXOVL yQGHORVJDVHV GHHVFDSHHOOOHQDGRGHOFLOLQGURFRQDLUHIUHVFRFRQORTXHVHFRQVLJXHXQDXPHQWRGHOUHQGLPLHQWR YROXPpWULFRRORTXHHVORPLVPRHOPRWRUUHVSLUDPHMRU 1RKDTXHROYLGDUTXHWRGRHODLUHTXHHQWUDHQHOFLOLQGURGHOPRWRU'LHVHOKDTXHFRPSULPLUORFXDQWRPDV VHDHOYROXPHQGHDLUHGHDGPLVL yQPDRUVHUiODSUHVLyQHQHOLQWHULRUGHORVFLOLQGURV(VWRWUDHFRPR FRQVHFXHQFLDXQRVHVIXHU]RVPHF iQLFRVHQHOPRWRUTXHWLHQHQXQOLPLWHSDUDQRSRQHUHQSHOLJUROD LQWHJULGDGGHORVHOHPHQWRVTXHIRUPDQHOPRWRU /RVFRPSUHVRUHV ODIRUPDGHFRQVHJXLUXQDXPHQWRGHODSUHVL yQGHODLUHQHFHVDULRSDUDODVREUHDOLPHQWDFL yQHVPHGLDQWHOD XWLOL]DFLyQGHFRPSUHVRUHVHVWRVDVXYH]SXHGHQVHU WXUERFRPSUHVRUHV DFFLRQDGRVSRUORVJDVHVGH HVFDSH
- 13. (OWXUERFRPSUHVRU 7LHQHODSDUWLFXODULGDGGHDSURYHFKDUODIXHU]DFRQODTXHVDOHQORVJDVHVGHHVFDSHSDUDLPSXOVDUXQD WXUELQDFRORFDGDHQODVDOLGDGHOFROHFWRUGHHVFDSHGLFKDWXUELQDVHXQHPHGLDQWHXQHMHDXQFRPSUHVRU(O FRPSUHVRUHVWDFRORFDGRHQODHQWUDGDGHOFROHFWRUGHDGPLVL yQFRQHOPRYLPLHQWRJLUDWRULRTXHOHWUDQVPLWH ODWXUELQDDWUDYpVGHOHMHFRP~QHOFRPSUHVRUHOHYDODSUHVL yQGHODLUHTXHHQWUDDWUDY pVGHOILOWUR FRQVLJXHTXHPHMRUHODDOLPHQWDFL yQGHOPRWRU(OWXUERLPSXOVDGRSRUORVJDVHVGHHVFDSHDOFDQ]D YHORFLGDGHVSRUHQFLPDGHODVUSPSRUWDQWRKDTXHWHQHUPXHQFXHQWDHOVLVWHPDGHHQJUDVH GHORVFRMLQHWHVGRQGHDSRDHOHMHFRP ~QGHORVURGHWHVGHODWXUELQDHOFRPSUHVRU7DPEL pQKDTXH VDEHUTXHODVWHPSHUDWXUDVDODVTXHVHYDKDHVWDUVRPHWLGRHOWXUERHQVXFRQWDFWRFRQORVJDVHVGH HVFDSHYDQDVHUPXHOHYDGDVDOUHGHGRUGH ž
- 14. LFORVGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHO7XUER )XQFLRQDPLHQWRDUDOHQWtFDUJDSDUFLDOLQIHULRU (QHVWDVFRQGLFLRQHVHOURGHWHGHODWXUELQDGHORVJDVHVGH HVFDSHHVLPSXOVDGDSRUPHGLRGHODEDMDHQHUJ tDGHORVJDVHVGHHVFDSHHODLUHIUHVFRDVSLUDGRSRUORV FLOLQGURVQRVHUiSUHFRPSULPLGRSRUODWXUELQDGHOFRPSUHVRUVLPSOHDVSLUDFL yQGHOPRWRU )XQFLRQDPLHQWRDFDUJDSDUFLDOPHGLD XDQGRODSUHVLyQHQHOFROHFWRUGHDVSLUDFL yQHQWUHHOWXUERORV FLOLQGURV
- 15. VHDFHUFDODDWPRVI pULFDVHLPSXOVDODUXHGDGHODWXUELQDDXQU pJLPHQGHUHYROXFLRQHVPDV HOHYDGRHODLUHIUHVFRDVSLUDGRSRUHOURGHWHGHOFRPSUHVRUHVSUHFRPSULPLGRFRQGXFLGRKDFLDORV FLOLQGURVEDMRSUHVLyQDWPRVIpULFDROLJHUDPHQWHVXSHULRUDFWXDQGRDHOWXUERHQVXIXQFL yQGH VREUHDOLPHQWDFLyQGHOPRWRU )XQFLRQDPLHQWRDFDUJDSDUFLDOVXSHULRUSOHQDFDUJD (QHVWDIDVHFRQWLQXDDXPHQWDQGRODHQHUJ tDGHORV JDVHVGHHVFDSHVREUHODWXUELQDGHOWXUERVHDOFDQ]DUDHOYDORUP i[LPRGHSUHVLyQHQHOFROHFWRUGH DGPLVLyQTXHGHEHVHUOLPLWDGDSRUXQVLVWHPDGHFRQWUROY iOYXODGHGHVFDUJD
- 16. (QHVWDIDVHHODLUHIUHVFR DVSLUDGRSRUHOURGHWHGHOFRPSUHVRUHVFRPSULPLGRDODP i[LPDSUHVLyQTXHQRGHEHVREUHSDVDUORVEDU HQORVWXUERVQRUPDOHVHQORVWXUERVGHJHRPHWU tDYDULDEOH RQVWLWXFLyQGHXQWXUERFRPSUHVRU 3iJLQD GH0RWRUHVVREUHDOLPHQWDGRV ILOH?'DQLFDUSHWD?'UHDPZHDYHU?0($1,$9LUWXDO?703S[TWYRSKWP
- 19. HO FRPSUHVRU
- 20. HVWHFRQMXQWRJLUDVREUHORV FRMLQHWHVGHDSRRORV FXDOHVKDQGHWUDEDMDUHQFRQGLFLRQHVH[WUHPDVTXHGHSHQGHQ QHFHVDULDPHQWHGHXQ FLUFXLWRGHHQJUDVH TXHORVOXEULFD 3RURWUDSDUWHHOWXUERVXIUHXQDFRQVWDQWHDFHOHUDFL yQD PHGLGD TXHHOPRWRUVXEHGHUHYROXFLRQHVFRPRQRKDOLPLWHDOJXQRHQ HOJLURGHODWXUELQDHPSXMDGDSRUORVJDVHVGHHVFDSHODSUHVL yQ TXHDOFDQ]DHODLUHHQHOFROHFWRUGHDGPLVL yQVRPHWLGRDODDFFLyQ GHOFRPSUHVRUSXHGHVHUWDOTXHVHDPDVXQLQFRQYHQLHQWHTXHXQD YHQWDMDDODKRUDGHVREUHDOLPHQWDUHOPRWRU3RUORWDQWRVHKDFH QHFHVDULRHOXVRGHXQ HOHPHQWRTXHQRVOLPLWHODSUHVL yQHQHO FROHFWRUGHDGPLVLyQ(VWHHOHPHQWRVHOODPD YiOYXODGHGHVFDUJD R YiOYXODZDVWHJDWH
- 22. /DSUHVLyQPi[LPDDODTXHSXHGHWUDEDMDUHOWXUERODGHWHUPLQDHOIDEULFDQWHSDUDHOORDMXVWDHOWDUDGRGHO PXHOOHGHODYiOYXODGHGHVFDUJD(VWHWDUDGRGHEHSHUPDQHFHUILMRDPHQRVTXHVHTXLHUD LQWHQFLRQDGDPHQWHPDQLSXODUODSUHVL yQGHWUDEDMRGHOWXUERFRPRVHKDKHFKRKDELWXDOPHQWH(QHOFDVRHQ TXHODYiOYXODGHGHVFDUJDIDOODVHVHRULJLQDXQH[FHVRGHSUHVL yQVREUHODWXUELQDTXHODKDFHFRJHUFDGD YH]PDVUHYROXFLRQHVORTXHSXHGHSURYRFDUTXHODOXEULFDFL yQVHDLQVXILFLHQWHVHURPSDODSHO tFXODGH HQJUDVHHQWUHHOHMHFRP ~QORVFRMLQHWHVGRQGHVHDSRD$XPHQWDQGRODWHPSHUDWXUDGHWRGRHOFRQMXQWR SURYRFDQGRTXHVHIXQGDQRJULSHQHVWRVFRPSRQHQWHV 5HJXODFLyQGHODSUHVLyQWXUER 3DUDHYLWDUHODXPHQWRH[FHVLYRGHYXHOWDVGHOD WXUELQDFRPSUHVRUFRPRFRQVHFXHQFLDGHXQD PDRUSUHVLyQGHORVJDVHVDPHGLGDTXHVH DXPHQWHQODVUHYROXFLRQHVGHOPRWRUVHKDFH QHFHVDULDXQDYiOYXODGHVHJXULGDGWDPEL pQ OODPDGDYiOYXODGHGHVFDUJDRYiOYXODZDVWHJDWH
- 28. KDVWDTXHODSUHVL yQGH DOLPHQWDFLyQGHVFLHQGHODYiOYXODVHFLHUUD (MHPSORSUDFWLFRGHPRGLILFDFLyQGHODSUHVLyQGH VRSODGRGHOWXUER RPRHMHPSORFLWDPRVDTX tHOFRQRFLGRWXUER*DUUHW7 PRQWDGRHQHOFOiVLFR5HQDXOW*77XUERTXHWDQWRKD GDGRTXHKDEODUSRUORIiFLOTXHHUDPRGLILFDUODSUHVL yQGH VRSODGRGHOWXUERSDUDHOORVLPSOHPHQWHKDE tDTXH DWRUQLOODUGHVDWRUQLOODUHOY iVWDJR
- 30. ZDVWHJDWH
- 34. $IORMDOD WXHUFD
- 40. GHWHUPLQDQYDORUHV GHGLODWDFLyQGLIHUHQWHVORTXHFRPSRUWDODV GLILFXOWDGHVDODKRUDGHOGLVH xRGHXQWXUEROD HOHFFLyQGHORVPDWHULDOHVTXHVRSRUWHQHVWDV FRQGLFLRQHVGHWUDEDMRDGYHUVDV (OWXUERVHUHIULJHUDHQSDUWHDGHPDVGHSRUHO DFHLWHGHHQJUDVHSRUHODLUHGHDVSLUDFL yQ FHGLHQGRXQDGHWHUPLQDGDSDUWHGHVXFDORUDODLUH TXHIXHU]DDSDVDUSRUHOURGHWHGHOFRPSUHVRU (VWHFDOHQWDPLHQWRGHODLUHQRUHVXOWDQDGD IDYRUDEOHSDUDHOPRWRUDTXHQRVRORGLODWDHO DLUHGHDGPLVLyQGHIRUPDTXHOHUHVWDGHQVLGDG FRQHOORULTXH]DHQR[LJHQRVLQRTXHDGHP iVXQ DLUHGHPDVLDGRFDOLHQWHHQHOLQWHULRUGHOFLOLQGUR GLILFXOWDODUHIULJHUDFLyQGHODFiPDUDGH FRPEXVWLyQGXUDQWHHOEDUULGRDOHQWUDUHODLUHD XQDWHPSHUDWXUDVXSHULRUDODGHOSURSLR UHIULJHUDQWHOLTXLGR /RVPRWRUHVGHJDVROLQDHQORVFXDOHVODV WHPSHUDWXUDVGHORVJDVHVGHHVFDSHVRQHQWUH žPiVDOWDVTXHHQORVPRWRUHVGLHVHO VXHOHQLUHTXLSDGRVFRQFDUFDVDVFHQWUDOHV UHIULJHUDGDVSRUDJXDXDQGRHOPRWRUHVW iHQ IXQFLRQDPLHQWRODFDUFDVDFHQWUDOVHLQWHJUDHQHO FLUFXLWRGHUHIULJHUDFLyQGHOPRWRU7UDVSDUDUVHHO PRWRUHOFDORUTXHTXHGDVHH[SXOVDXWLOL]DQGRXQ SHTXHxRFLUFXLWRGHUHIULJHUDFLyQTXHIXQFLRQD PHGLDQWHXQDERPEDHOpFWULFDGHDJXDFRQWURODGD SRUXQWHUPRVWDWR 3iJLQD GH0RWRUHVVREUHDOLPHQWDGRV ILOH?'DQLFDUSHWD?'UHDPZHDYHU?0($1,$9LUWXDO?703S[TWYRSKWP
- 45. TXHSURGXFLU iQ YLEUDFLRQHVFRQGLVWLQWDVIUHFXHQFLDVTXH HQWUDQGRHQUHVRQDQFLDSXHGHQURPSHUOD SHOtFXODGHHQJUDVHORTXHSURGXFLU i PLFURJULSDMHV$GHPiVHOHMHGHOWXUERHVWD VRPHWLGRHQWRGRPRPHQWRDDOWRVFRQWUDVWHV GHWHPSHUDWXUDVHQGRQGHHOFDORUGHOH[WUHP y FDOLHQWHVHWUDQVPLWHDOODGRPDVIUL yORTXH DFHQW~DODVH[LJHQFLDVGHOXEULFDFL yQSRUTXHVH SXHGHFDUERQL]DUHODFHLWHGHELHQGRVHXWLOL]DU DFHLWHVKRPRORJDGRVSRUHO$3,OD$($SDUD FDGDSDtVGRQGHVHXWLOLFHYLVLWDHVWD ZHE SDUD VDEHUPDVVREUHDFHLWHV
- 46. 6HUHFRPLHQGDGHVSXpVGHXQDXWLOL]DFLyQ VHYHUDGHOPRWRUFRQUHFRUULGRVODUJRVDDOWDV YHORFLGDGHVQRSDUDULQPHGLDWDPHQWHHOPRWRU VLQRGHMDUORDUUDQFDGRDOUDOHQW tXQPtQLPRGH VHJSDUDJDUDQWL]DUXQDOXEULFDFL yQ UHIULJHUDFLyQRSWLPDSDUDFXDQGRVHYXHOYD DUUDQFDUGHQXHYR(OFRMLQHWHGHOODGRGHOD WXUELQDSXHGHFDOHQWDUVHH[WUHPDGDPHQWHVLHO 3iJLQD GH0RWRUHVVREUHDOLPHQWDGRV ILOH?'DQLFDUSHWD?'UHDPZHDYHU?0($1,$9LUWXDO?703S[TWYRSKWP
- 47. 5HFRPHQGDFLRQHVGHPDQWHQLPLHQWRFXLGDGRSDUDORVWXUERFRPSUHVRUHV (OWXUERFRPSUHVRUHVWiGLVHxDGRSDUDGXUDUORPLVPRTXHHOPRWRU1RSUHFLVDGHPDQWHQLPLHQWRHVSHFLDO OLPLWiQGRVHVXVLQVSHFFLRQHVDXQDVFRPSUREDFLRQHVSHUL yGLFDV3DUDJDUDQWL]DUTXHODYLGD ~WLOGHO WXUERFRPSUHVRUVHFRUUHVSRQGDFRQODGHOPRWRUGHEHQFXPSOLUVHGHIRUPDHVWULFWDODVVLJXLHQWHV LQVWUXFFLRQHVGHPDQWHQLPLHQWRGHOPRWRUTXHSURSRUFLRQDHOIDEULFDQWH ,QWHUYDORVGHFDPELRGHDFHLWH 0DQWHQLPLHQWRGHOVLVWHPDGHILOWURGHDFHLWH RQWUROGHODSUHVLyQGHDFHLWH 0DQWHQLPLHQWRGHOVLVWHPDGHILOWURGHDLUH (OGHWRGRVORVIDOORVTXHVHSURGXFHQHQWXUERFRPSUHVRUHVVHGHEHDODVVLJXLHQWHVFDXVDV 3HQHWUDFLyQGHFXHUSRVH[WUDxRVHQODWXUELQDRHQHOFRPSUHVRU 6XFLHGDGHQHODFHLWH 6XPLQLVWURGHDFHLWHSRFRDGHFXDGRSUHVL yQGHDFHLWHVLVWHPDGHILOWUR
- 53. XQ iQJXOR GHWHUPLQDGRPHGLDQWHXQPHFDQLVPRGH YDULOODSDODQFDVHPSXMDGRVSRUXQDF iSVXOD QHXPiWLFDSDUHFLGDDODTXHXVDOD YiOYXOD 3iJLQD GH0RWRUHVVREUHDOLPHQWDGRV ILOH?'DQLFDUSHWD?'UHDPZHDYHU?0($1,$9LUWXDO?703S[TWYRSKWP
- 54. /DVSRVLFLRQHVIXQGDPHQWDOHVTXHSXHGHQDGRSWDUORVDODEHVVHGHVFULEHQHQHOVLJXLHQWHJUiILFR (QODILJXUDGHODL]TXLHUGD YHPRVFRPRORVDODEHVDGRSWDQXQDSRVLFL yQFHUUDGDTXHDSHQDVGHMDHVSDFLR SDUDHOSDVRGHORVJDVHVGHHVFDSH(VWDSRVLFL yQODDGRSWDHOWXUERFXDQGRHOPRWRUJLUDDEDMDV UHYROXFLRQHVODYHORFLGDGGHORVJDVHVGHHVFDSHHVEDMDRQHOORVHFRQVLJXHDFHOHUDUODYHORFLGDGGHORV JDVHVGHHVFDSHDOSDVDUSRUHOHVWUHFKRHVSDFLRTXHTXHGDHQWUHORVDODEHVTXHKDFHLQFLGLUFRQPDRU IXHU]DORVJDVHVVREUHODWXUELQD7DPEL pQDGRSWDQORVDODEHVHVWDSRVLFL yQFXDQGRVHH[LJHDOPRWRUODV Pi[LPDVSUHVWDFLRQHVSDUWLHQGRGHXQDYHORFLGDGEDMDRUHODWLYDPHQWHEDMDORTXHSURYRFDTXHHOPRWRU SXHGDDFHOHUDUGHXQDIRUPDWDQU iSLGDFRPRHOFRQGXFWRUOHH[LJHSRUHMHPSORHQXQDGHODQWDPLHQWRRXQD DFHOHUDFLyQEUXVFDGHODXWRPyYLO (QODILJXUDGHOFHQWURORVDODEHVWRPDQXQDSRVLFL yQPDVDELHUWDTXHVHFRUUHVSRQGHDXQIXQFLRQDPLHQWR GHOPRWRUFRQXQUpJLPHQGHUHYROXFLRQHVPHGLRPDUFKDQRUPDOHQHVWHFDVRHOWXUER97*VHFRPSRUWDU tD FRPRXQWXUERFRQYHQFLRQDO/DVSDOHWDVDGRSWDQXQDSRVLFL yQLQWHUPHGLDTXHQRLQWHUILHUHQHQHOSDVRGH ORVJDVHVGHHVFDSHTXHLQFLGHQVLQYDULDUVXYHORFLGDGVREUHODWXUELQD (QODILJXUDGHODGHUHFKD ORVDODEHVDGRSWDQXQDSRVLFL yQPXDELHUWDGHELGRDTXHHOPRWRUJLUDDPXFKDV UHYROXFLRQHVORVJDVHVGHHVFDSHHQWUDQDPXFKDYHORFLGDGHQHOWXUERKDFLHQGRJLUDUODWXUELQDPX GHSULVD/DSRVLFLyQPXDELHUWDGHORVDODEHVKDFHQGHIUHQRDORVJDVHVGHHVFDSHSRUORTXHVHOLPLWDOD YHORFLGDGGHODWXUELQD(QHVWHFDVRODSRVLFL yQGHORVDODEHVKDFHQODIXQFL yQTXHUHDOL]DEDODYiOYXOD ZDVWHJDWHHQORVWXUERVFRQYHQFLRQDOHVHVGHFLUODGHOLPLWDUODYHORFLGDGGHODWXUELQDFXDQGRHOPRWRUJLUD DDOWDVUHYROXFLRQHVKDXQDSUHVL yQPXDOWDHQHOFROHFWRUGHDGPLVL yQHVWRH[SOLFDSRUTXHORVWXUERV 97*QRWLHQHQYiOYXODZDVWHJDWH ZDVWHJDWH 3DUDFRQVHJXLUODPi[LPDFRPSUHVLyQGHODLUH DEDMDVUSPGHEHQFHUUDUVHORVDODEHVD TXHGLVPLQXHQGRODVHFFL yQHQWUHHOORV DXPHQWDODYHORFLGDGGHORVJDVHVGHHVFDSH TXHLQFLGHQFRQPDRUIXHU]DVREUHODV SDOHWDVGHOURGHWHGHODWXUELQDPHQRU 6HFFLyQ PDRUYHORFLGDG
- 57. SXGLHQGRUHJXODUVH HOYiVWDJRURVFDGRGHXQLyQD ODFiSVXOD QHXPiWLFDSDUDTXHORVDODEHVDEUDQDQWHV y GHVSXpV6LORVDODEHVHVWiQHQDSHUWXUD Pi[LPDLQGLFDTXHKDXQDDYHU tDDTXHOD Pi[LPDLQFOLQDFLyQODDGRSWDQSDUDODIXQFL yQ GHHPHUJHQFLD 3iJLQD GH0RWRUHVVREUHDOLPHQWDGRV ILOH?'DQLFDUSHWD?'UHDPZHDYHU?0($1,$9LUWXDO?703S[TWYRSKWP
- 58. (OIXQFLRQDPLHQWRTXHKHPRVYLVWRSDUDHO7XUER97*HVWH yULFRDTXHHOFRQWUROGHODF iSVXODPDQRPHWULFD ORPLVPRTXHHQORVWXUERVFRQYHQFLRQDOHVPDVPRGHUQRVVHKDFHPHGLDQWHXQDJHVWL yQHOHFWUyQLFDTXHVH HQFDUJDGHUHJXODUODSUHVL yQTXHOOHJDDODFiSVXODPDQRPHWULFDHQORVWXUERV97*DODY iOYXODZDVWHJDWH HQORVWXUERVFRQYHQFLRQDOHVHQWRGRVORVP iUJHQHVGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHOPRWRUWHQLHQGRHQFXHQWDRWURV IDFWRUHVFRPRVRQODWHPSHUDWXUDGHODLUHGHDGPLVL yQODSUHVLyQDWPRVIpULFDDOWLWXGVREUHHOQLYHOGHOPDU
- 59. ODVH[LJHQFLDVGHOFRQGXFWRU /DVYHQWDMDV GHOWXUERFRPSUHVRU97*YLHQHQGDGDVSRUTXHVHFRQVLJXHXQIXQFLRQDPLHQWRPDVSURJUHVLYR GHOPRWRUVREUHDOLPHQWDGR$GLIHUHQFLDGHORVSULPHURVPRWRUHVGRWDGRVFRQWXUERFRPSUHVRUFRQYHQFLRQDO GRQGHKDELDXQJUDQVDOWRGHSRWHQFLDGHEDMDVUHYROXFLRQHVDDOWDVHOFRPSRUWDPLHQWRKDGHMDGRGHVHU EUXVFRSDUDFRQVHJXLUXQDFXUYDGHSRWHQFLDPXSURJUHVLYDFRQJUDQFDQWLGDGGHSDUGHVGHPXSRFDV YXHOWDVPDQWHQLGRGXUDQWHXQDDPSOLD]RQDGHOQ ž GHUHYROXFLRQHVGHOPRWRU (OLQFRQYHQLHQWH TXHSUHVHQWDHVWHVLVWHPDHVVXPDRUFRPSOHMLGDGSRUWDQWRSUHFLRFRQUHVSHFWRDXQ WXUERFRPSUHVRUFRQYHQFLRQDO$V tFRPRHOVLVWHPDGHHQJUDVHTXHQHFHVLWDXVDUDFHLWHVGHPDRUFDOLGDG FDPELRVPDVIUHFXHQWHV +DVWDDKRUDHOWXUERFRPSUHVRU97*V yORVHSXHGHXWLOL]DUHQPRWRUHV'LHVHODTXHHQORVGHJDVROLQDOD WHPSHUDWXUDGHORVJDVHVGHHVFDSHHVGHPDVLDGRDOWD žPDVDOWD
- 60. SDUDDGPLWLUVLVWHPDVFRPR pVWRV *HVWLyQHOHFWUyQLFDGHODSUHVLyQGHOWXUER RQODXWLOL]DFLyQGHODJHVWLyQHOHFWUyQLFDWDQWRHQORVPRWRUHVGHJDVROLQDFRPRHQORV'LHVHOODUHJXODFL yQ GHOFRQWUROGHODSUHVLyQGHOWXUERDQRVHGHMDHQPDQRVGHXQDY iOYXODGHDFFLRQDPLHQWRPHF iQLFRFRPR HVODYiOYXODZDVWHJDWHTXHHVWDVRPHWLGDDDOWDVWHPSHUDWXUDVVXVFRPSRQHQWHVFRPRVRQHOPXHOOHOD PHPEUDQDVXIUHQGHIRUPDFLRQHVGHVJDVWHVTXHLQIOXHQHQXQPDOFRQWUROGHODSUHVL yQGHOWXUERDGHPDV TXHQRWLHQHQHQFXHQWDIDFWRUHVWDQLPSRUWDQWHVSDUDHOEXHQIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHOPRWRUFRPRVRQODDOWLWXG ODWHPSHUDWXUDDPELHQWH 6LORVDODEHVHVWiQHQDSHUWXUDPi[LPDLQGLFDTXHKDXQDDYHU tDDTXHODPi[LPDLQFOLQDFLyQOD DGRSWDQSDUDODIXQFLyQGHHPHUJHQFLD 3DUDGHVFULELUFRPRIXQFLRQDXQ VLVWHPDGHUHJXODFLyQGHODSUHVLyQ WXUERWHQHPRVXQHVTXHPDTXH SHUWHQHFHDXQPRWRU'LHVHO7'LGH 9RONVZDJHQ
- 66. /DVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVSULQFLSDOHVGHHVWH VLVWHPDVRQ 3HUPLWHVREUHSDVDUHOYDORUP i[LPR GHODSUHVLyQGHO WXUER 7LHQHFRUWHGHLQHFFLyQD DOWDV UHYROXFLRQHV 3URSRUFLRQDXQDEXHQDUHVSXHVWDDO DFHOHUDGRUHQWRGRHOPDUJHQGH UHYROXFLRQHV /DYHORFLGDGGHOWXUERFRPSUHVRU SXHGHVXELUKDVWDODVUSP /DHOHFWURYiOYXODGHFRQWUROVHFRPSRUWDFRPRXQDOODYHGH SDVRTXHGHMDSDVDUPDVRPHQRVSUHVL yQKDFLDODYiOYXOD ZDVWHJDWH(VWDFRPDQGDGDSRUOD(8XQLGDGGHFRQWURO
- 68. DODVDOLGD
- 72. DEULHQGRHO SDVR
- 73. DO
- 74. SRQLHQGRDVtHQFRQWDFWRODYiOYXODZDVWDJDWH FRQODSUHVLyQDWPRVIpULFDTXHODPDQWHQGUiFHUUDGDDVtVH DXPHQWDODSUHVLyQGHVRSODGRGHOWXUER 3DUDTXHTXHGHFODURORTXHKDFHODHOHFWURY iOYXODGHFRQWURO HQVXIXQFLRQDPLHQWRHVHQJD xDUDODYiOYXODZDVWHJDWH GHVYLDQGRSDUWHGHODSUHVL yQGHOWXUERSDUDTXHHVWDQRDFWX p /DHOHFWURYiOYXODGHFRQWUROHVJREHUQDGDSRUOD(8XQLGDG GHFRQWURO
- 75. FRQHFWDQGRDPDVDXQRGHVXVWHUPLQDOHVHO pFWULFRV FRQXQDIUHFXHQFLDILMDGRQGHODDPSOLWXGGHODVH xDOGHWHUPLQD FXDQGRGHEHDEULUODYiOYXODSDUDDXPHQWDUODSUHVL yQGH VRSODGRGHOWXUERHQHOFROHFWRUGHDGPLVL yQ/D(8SDUD FDOFXODUFXDQGRGHEHDEULURFHUUDUODHOHFWURY iOYXODGHFRQWURO WLHQHHQFXHQWDODSUHVL yQHQHOFROHFWRUGHDGPLVL yQSRUPHGLR 3iJLQD GH0RWRUHVVREUHDOLPHQWDGRV ILOH?'DQLFDUSHWD?'UHDPZHDYHU?0($1,$9LUWXDO?703S[TWYRSKWP
- 83. 2WUDIRUPDGHFRQWURODUODSUHVL yQGHVRSODGRGHOWXUER +DVWDDKRUDKHPRVYLVWRFRPRVHXVDEDODSUHVL yQUHLQDQWHHQHO FROHFWRUGHDGPLVLyQSDUDDFWXDUVREUHODY iOYXODZDVWHJDWHGHORV WXUERVFRQYHQFLRQDOHVHQODF iSVXODQHXPiWLFDHQORVWXUERVGH JHRPHWUtDYDULDEOH+DRWURVLVWHPDGHFRQWUROGHODSUHVL yQGHO WXUERILJXUDGHODGHUHFKD
- 91. (VWH VLVWHPDGHFRQWUROGHODSUHVL yQGHOWXUERWLHQHODYHQWDMDIUHQWHDORV DQWHULRUPHQWHHVWXGLDGRVGHQRGHSHQGHUGHODSUHVL yQTXHKDHQ HOFROHFWRUGHDGPLVLyQTXHHQFDVRGHURWXUDGHOWXERTXHWUDQVPLWH GLFKDSUHVLyQDGHPDVGHIXQFLRQDUPDOHOVLVWHPDGHFRQWUROGHO WXUERVHSHUGHUtDSDUWHGHODLUHFRPSULPLGRSRUHOWXUERTXHWLHQH TXHHQWUDUHQORVFLOLQGURVGLVPLQXHODSRWHQFLDGHOPRWRU VHQVLEOHPHQWH (OFRPSUHVRUGHDFFLRQDPLHQWRPHF iQLFRWDPELpQ OODPDGRFRPSUHVRUYROXP pWULFRQRHVQLQJXQD QRYHGDGDTXHVHYLHQHXVDQGRGHVGHKDFHPXFKR WLHPSR9RONVZDJHQDXWLOL]DEDXQFRPSUHVRU FHQWULIXJRLQYHQWDGRHQ)UDQFLDHQ)RUG 7RRWDHPSOHDEDQXQFRPSUHVRUGHWLSR5RRWV 3iJLQD GH0RWRUHVVREUHDOLPHQWDGRV ILOH?'DQLFDUSHWD?'UHDPZHDYHU?0($1,$9LUWXDO?703S[TWYRSKWP
- 93. /DGHVYHQWDMDSULQFLSDOGHOFRPSUHVRUHVTXHUREDSRWHQFLDDOPRWRUGHELGRDVXDFFLRQDPLHQWR PHFiQLFRHVWDSHUGLGDDXPHQWDDPHGLGDTXHVXEHHOU pJLPHQGHJLURGHOPRWRUSRUORTXHQRIDFLOLWDXQ UHQGLPLHQWRHILFD]GHOPRWRU ([LVWHQGRVWLSRVGHFRPSUHVRUHVHOGHGHVSOD]DPLHQWRSRVLWLYRHOGLQ iPLFR (OFRPSUHVRUGHGHVSOD]DPLHQWRSRVLWLYR PRYLOL]DODPLVPDFDQWLGDGGHDLUHHQFDGDUHYROXFL yQ LQGHSHQGLHQWHPHQWHGHODYHORFLGDGXDQWRPDVU iSLGRJLUDPDVDLUHERPEHD(OFRPSUHVRUGH GHVSOD]DPLHQWRPDVSRSXODUHVHOGHWLSR5RRWVGHQRPLQDGRFRPSUHVRUGHO yEXORV(QHVWHFDVRXQSDUGH URWRUHVHQIRUPDGHRFKRVFRQHFWDGRVDUXHGDVGHQWDGDVTXHJLUDQDODPLVPDYHORFLGDGSHURHQVHQWLGRV FRQWUDULRVERPEHDQFRPSULPHQHODLUHFRQMXQWDPHQWH(VWHFRPSUHVRUPDVTXHFRPSULPLUHODLUHORTXH KDFHHVLPSXOVDUOR LQYHQWDGRHQ /RVFRPSUHVRUHVYROXP pWULFRVVRQERPEDVGHDLUH (VWHPHFDQLVPRSXHGHSURGXFLUI iFLOPHQWHXQ PDVGHSRWHQFLDTXHORVPRWRUHVDWPRVI pULFRVGHO PLVPRWDPDxR/RVDQWLJXRVFRPSUHVRUHVSURGXF tDQ XQUXLGRFRQVLGHUDEOHSHURORVDFWXDOHVVRQPXFKR PDVVLOHQFLRVRV RPRRFXUUHFRQORVDOWHUQDGRUHVORVFRPSUHVRUHV YROXPpWULFRVVRQDFFLRQDGRVSRUHOFLJ HxDO JHQHUDOPHQWHSRUXQDFRUUHDSHURHQRFDVLRQHVSRU XQDFDGHQDRFRQMXQWRGHHQJUDQDMHV*LUDQDXQD YHORFLGDGGHDUSPSRUORWDQWRVRQ PXFKRPDVOHQWRVTXHORVWXUERFRPSUHVRUHV/D SUHVLyQGHVREUHDOLPHQWDFLyQHVWDOLPLWDGDSRUOD YHORFLGDGGHOPRWRUQRKDFHIDOWDY iOYXODGH GHVFDUJDFRPRHQORVWXUERFRPSUHVRUHV
- 94. /RVURWRUHVVHDSRDQHQXQRV FRMLQHWHV(QYLVWDGHTXHQXQFD VHWRFDQHQWUHVLQRVH GHVJDVWDQ(QRFDVLRQHVORV OyEXORVVRQKHOLFRLGDOHVHQ RWUDVGHFRUWHUHFWR (VWDYHUVLyQVHQFLOODFRQURWRUHV GHGRViODEHVRULJLQDXQD SUHVLyQUHODWLYDPHQWHEDMD DGHPiVODFUHDPXGHVSDFLRDO DXPHQWDUHOUpJLPHQGHJLUR /DSRWHQFLDDEVRUELGDVHVLW ~D SDUDXQDVREUHSUHVLyQGH EDUHVSDVRPi[LPRGHDLUHHQ 9 (OUHQGLPLHQWRGHOFRPSUHVRU 5RRWVQRHVPXDOWRDGHP iV HPSHRUDFRQHODXPHQWRGHO 3iJLQD GH0RWRUHVVREUHDOLPHQWDGRV ILOH?'DQLFDUSHWD?'UHDPZHDYHU?0($1,$9LUWXDO?703S[TWYRSKWP
- 95. )XQFLRQDPLHQWRGHOFRPSUHVRU* UpJLPHQGHJLUR /DFDSDFLGDGGHVXPLQLVWURV yOR VXSHUDHOHQXQDJDPDPX OLPLWDGD(ODLUHFRPSULPLGRVH FDOLHQWDH[WUDRUGLQDULDPHQWH /RVFRPSUHVRUHVGHOyEXORVWLHQGHQDSXOVDUDEDMDV YHORFLGDGHVQRREVWDQWHORVGHURWRUHVKHOLFRLGDOHV WLHQGHQDFRQWUDUUHVWDUDOP i[LPRGLFKDVSXOVDFLRQHV /RVURWRUHVSXHGHQWHQHUGRVRWUHVO yEXOR8QURWRUGH WUHVOyEXORVWLHQGHDSXOVDU PHQRVTXHXQRGHGRV(O URWRUGHWUHVOyEXORVGDPHMRUHVUHVXOWDGRVJUDFLDVD XQDPDRUFRPSOHMLGDGHQVXFRQVWUXFFL yQSDUD PRYHUVHVyORQHFHVLWDEDUREDUDOPRWRUFDEDOORVGH SRWHQFLDSDUDFRQVHJXLUEDUHVGHSUHVL yQ XDQGRHOPRWRUQRHVWDVRPHWLGRDXQDJUDQFDUJDHO YDFLyGHOFROHFWRUGHDGPLVL yQJLUDORVURWRUHVFRPRXQ PROLQRGHYLHQWRUREDQGRSRUWDQWRPHQRVSRWHQFLDGHO PRWRU /RVFRPSUHVRUHVXWLOL]DGRVSRU 9RONVZDJHQOODPDGRV FRPSUHVRUFHQWULIXJRRFDUJDGRU *SUHVHQWDQXQDIRUPDGHVXV FiPDUDVVLPLODUDHVWDOHWUD/DV SLH]DVDORMDGDVHQVXLQWHULRUVH GHVSOD]DQHQXQ PRYLPLHQWR H[FpQWULFRFRPRHOGHXQKXOD KRS6HFDUDFWHUL]DSRUXQ HOHPHQWRGHVSOD]DEOHGLVSXHVWR H[FpQWULFDPHQWHFRQHVWUXFWXUD HVSLUDOHQDPERVODGRVHVSLUDV PyYLOHV
- 98. 2WURFRPSUHVRUGHGHVSOD]DPLHQWRSRVLWLYRHVHOGHDVSDVHOFXDOFRPSULPHHODLUHTXHDORMDHQVXFDUFDVD DQWHVGHREOLJDUORDVDOLU(VWDERPEDVHXWLOL]DFRQPDRUIUHFXHQFLDHQPRWRUHVSHTXH xRVFRQXQDSUHVLyQ GHVREUHDOLPHQWDFLyQHOHYDGD 8QFRPSUHVRUGLQiPLFR HVVLPLODUDXQWXUERFRPSUHVRU6XVDOLGDDXPHQWDSURSRUFLRQDOPHQWHDOFXDGUDGR GHVXYHORFLGDG'HHVWDPDQHUDVLHOPRWRUJLUDGRVYHFHVPDVU iSLGRODVDOLGDGHSUHVL yQGHOFRPSUHVRU VHFXDGULSOLFD3RUHVWDUD] yQHVWHFRPSUHVRUIXQFLRQDGHIRUPDRSWLPDDUHJ tPHQHVHOHYDGRVSHURWLHQH XQPHQRUUHQGLPLHQWRDUDOHQW t/DVWUHVWLSRVGHFRPSUHVRUHVGLQ iPLFRVVRQHOFHQWULIXJRHOGHIOXMRD[LDO HOGHRQGDGHSUHVLyQ(OFRPSUHVRUFHQWULIXJRHVLJXDOTXHXQWXUERFRPSUHVRUSHURVHDFWLYDPHGLDQWHHO FLJHxDOQRSRUODDFFLyQGHORVJDVHVGHHVFDSH(OFRPSUHVRUGHIOXMRD[LDOQRUHVXOWDPXXVXDOGHELGRD VXFRVWHGHIDEULFDFLyQ(OFRPSUHVRUGHRQGDGHSUHVL yQVHXVDIXQGDPHQWDOPHQWHHQPRWRUHVGHGRV WLHPSRV $XWRU 'DQLPHJDQHER (VWHDUWtFXORHVWDVDFDGRGH0($1,$9LUWXDOODZHEGHORVHVWXGLDQWHVGHDXWRPRFLyQ SDUDYHUPDVDUWLFXORVFRPRHVWHHQWUDHQZZZLHVSDQDHVPHFDQLFDYLUWXDO 'HELGRDTXHORVFRPSUHVRUHVQRIXQFLRQDQSRUOD DFFLyQGHORVJDVHVGHHVFDSHQRVHFDOLHQWDQSRUOR TXHODOXEULFDFLyQQRFRQVWLWXHXQSUREOHPDWDQ LPSRUWDQWHFRPRRFXUUHHQORVWXUERFRPSUHVRUHV'H KHFKRODVXQLGDGHVGHFRPSUHVRUHVGHOWLSR5RRWVVH OXEULFDQFRQVXSURSLRVXPLQLVWURGHDFHLWH6$(GH HQJUDQDMHVHOPLVPRTXHHOGHODFDMDGHFDPELRV