The document summarizes the key aspects of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act 2009 in India. The Act aims to provide free and compulsory education to all children between ages 6-14. It establishes the right to education as a fundamental right and outlines the duties and responsibilities of government authorities, schools, parents and teachers to ensure all children can access elementary education. The Act also specifies norms around pupil-teacher ratios, infrastructure requirements, curriculum, evaluation and grievance redressal mechanisms. Its overall goal is to benefit children from disadvantaged backgrounds and weaker sections of society by improving access to quality elementary education across the country.

1. THE RIGHT OF CHILDRENTHE RIGHT OF CHILDREN
TO FREE ANDTO FREE AND
COMPULSORY EDUCATIONCOMPULSORY EDUCATION
ACT – 2009ACT – 2009

2. It is one of the 3 flagship programs of UPA govt.It is one of the 3 flagship programs of UPA govt.
1.1. MGNREGAMGNREGA
2.2. RIGHT TO INFORMATION ACTRIGHT TO INFORMATION ACT
(These 2 were enacted during it its first term(These 2 were enacted during it its first term
(2004 – 09))(2004 – 09))
3.3. RIGHT OF CHILDREN TO FREE &RIGHT OF CHILDREN TO FREE &
COMPULSORY EDUCATION ACT (2009-10)COMPULSORY EDUCATION ACT (2009-10)

3.  PART 1 –PART 1 – Right to Education as a Human RightRight to Education as a Human Right
 PART 11 – Right to Education as aPART 11 – Right to Education as a
Fundamental RightFundamental Right
 PART 111 – Right of Children for Free &PART 111 – Right of Children for Free &
Compulsory Education ActCompulsory Education Act
 PART 1V – RTE Model rulesPART 1V – RTE Model rules
 PART V –PART V – Comments / Consequences /ImplicationsComments / Consequences /Implications
of the Act for Minoritiesof the Act for Minorities

4. PreamblePreamble
 The Right of Children to Free & compulsory Education Act (RTE) is
a welfare legislation.
 It is meant to benefit about 1 crore non school going children.
 Cost envisaged is enormous: Centre & States will share the financial
burden in the ratio 55:45
 It will bring the pupil – teacher ratio to 30:1
 5.1 lakh teachers are required. So good scope for trained teachers/
B. Ed students.
 Every one seems to have jumped at the idea of RTE Act without
realizing its implications.
 India has joined a group of few countries in the world with making
education a fundamental right of every child. In that sense it is
historic.
 The act is meant to help children from economically weaker section
as well as children with disabilities.
 The hope was that the act would help improve government schools
and would not do any harm to the private schools. But it has turned
out to be the other way.

5. Right to Education as a Human Right
PART - IPART - I
Right to EducationRight to Education
As aAs a
Human RightHuman Right

6. PART - IIPART - II
EducationEducation
is ais a
Fundamental RightFundamental Right

7. What are Fundamental Rights ?What are Fundamental Rights ?
 Fundamental Rights are rights which are inherent in aFundamental Rights are rights which are inherent in a
human being. They are natural rights. These rights arehuman being. They are natural rights. These rights are
regarded fundamental because they are most essentialregarded fundamental because they are most essential
for the attainment of the full growth, development andfor the attainment of the full growth, development and
potential of a human being.potential of a human being.
 The framers of the Indian Constitution, drawingThe framers of the Indian Constitution, drawing
inspiration from the “Bill of Rights” of America,inspiration from the “Bill of Rights” of America,
incorporated a full chapter of these rights in Part III ofincorporated a full chapter of these rights in Part III of
the Constitution. These Fundamental Rights listed in ourthe Constitution. These Fundamental Rights listed in our
constitution represent the basic values cherished by theconstitution represent the basic values cherished by the
people of this country.people of this country.

8. Education As A Fundamental Right8
Article 46Article 46 ––
The State shall promote with special care the educationalThe State shall promote with special care the educational
and economic interests of the weaker sections of theand economic interests of the weaker sections of the
people and, in particular, of the SCs and STs and shallpeople and, in particular, of the SCs and STs and shall
protect them from social injustice and all forms ofprotect them from social injustice and all forms of
exploitation.exploitation.
Article 29Article 29 ––
No citizen shall be denied admission into any educationalNo citizen shall be denied admission into any educational
institution maintained by the State or receiving aid out ofinstitution maintained by the State or receiving aid out of
State funds on grounds only of religion, race, caste,State funds on grounds only of religion, race, caste,
language or any of them.language or any of them.
Equality of opportunity is a basic feature of theEquality of opportunity is a basic feature of the
Constitution and has been interpreted to include equalityConstitution and has been interpreted to include equality
of education which means equality of access to educationof education which means equality of access to education
and equality of educational facilities.and equality of educational facilities.

9. All these factors contributed and finallyAll these factors contributed and finally
gave birth to this new act –gave birth to this new act –
Right of Children to Free and CompulsoryRight of Children to Free and Compulsory
Education Act, 2009.Education Act, 2009.

10. PART – IIIPART – III
Right to EducationRight to Education
Act – 2009Act – 2009

11. Right to Education Act – 2009Right to Education Act – 2009
Objectives:Objectives:
 To provide for free and compulsoryTo provide for free and compulsory
education to all children of the age 6 to 14education to all children of the age 6 to 14
years.years.
 Emphasis is on children belonging toEmphasis is on children belonging to
disadvantaged group.disadvantaged group.

12. Definitions:Definitions: Section 2Section 2
i)i) Govt. SchoolsGovt. Schools
ii)ii) Aided schoolsAided schools
iii)iii) School belonging to specified categories:School belonging to specified categories:
(Kendriya Vidyalaya, Navodaya Vidyalaya, Sainik School etc.)(Kendriya Vidyalaya, Navodaya Vidyalaya, Sainik School etc.)
iv)iv) Unaided schoolsUnaided schools
Sec. 2Sec. 2 (d)(d) “Child belonging to disadvantaged group”“Child belonging to disadvantaged group”
22 (e) “(e) “Child belonging to weaker section”Child belonging to weaker section”
22 (f) “(f) “Elementary Education”Elementary Education”
22 (h)(h) “Local Authority”“Local Authority”
22 (n) “(n) “School - 4 categories of schools”School - 4 categories of schools”

13. Sec. 3Sec. 3 ––
Right of child to free and compulsory educationRight of child to free and compulsory education
in a neighbourhood school till Completion ofin a neighbourhood school till Completion of
elementary education.elementary education.
““Compulsory education means obligation ofCompulsory education means obligation of
the state to provide free elementary educationthe state to provide free elementary education
to every child of the age 6-14 years”to every child of the age 6-14 years”

14. Sec. 4Sec. 4 ––
Special provisions for children not admitted to, orSpecial provisions for children not admitted to, or
who have not completed, elementary education.who have not completed, elementary education.
Such children are to be directly admitted in a classSuch children are to be directly admitted in a class
appropriate to his or her age and in order to be atappropriate to his or her age and in order to be at
par with others, have a right to receive specialpar with others, have a right to receive special
training and shall be entitled to free education tilltraining and shall be entitled to free education till
completion of elementary education even after 14completion of elementary education even after 14
years.years.

15. Sec. 9Sec. 9 ––
Describes the duties of the local authority.Describes the duties of the local authority.
Sec.10Sec.10 ––
Describes the duty of parents & guardian to admitDescribes the duty of parents & guardian to admit
his or her child/ward in the neighbourhood schoolhis or her child/ward in the neighbourhood school
for elementary education.for elementary education.
Sec. 11Sec. 11 ––
States the duty of the appropriate government toStates the duty of the appropriate government to
provide for pre-school educationprovide for pre-school education

16. Sec. 12Sec. 12 ––
Extent of school’s responsibility:Extent of school’s responsibility:
(1) to admit children belonging to weaker sections and(1) to admit children belonging to weaker sections and
disadvantaged group in the ‘neighbourhood’ in Class Idisadvantaged group in the ‘neighbourhood’ in Class I
at least upto 25% of the strength of the class.at least upto 25% of the strength of the class.
(2) an unaided school will be reimbursed expenditure(2) an unaided school will be reimbursed expenditure
incurred by it to the extent of per child expenditureincurred by it to the extent of per child expenditure
incurred by the State or the actual amount chargedincurred by the State or the actual amount charged
from the child, whichever is less. Reimbursement shallfrom the child, whichever is less. Reimbursement shall
not exceed per child expenditure incurred by a govt.not exceed per child expenditure incurred by a govt.
school.school.
(3) every school shall provide such information as may be(3) every school shall provide such information as may be
required by the govt. or local authority.required by the govt. or local authority.

17. Sec. 13Sec. 13 ––
No capitation fee to be charged. (The All India CatholicNo capitation fee to be charged. (The All India Catholic
Education Policy, 2007 also deplores any attempt toEducation Policy, 2007 also deplores any attempt to
commercialize education and acceptance of capitation fee).commercialize education and acceptance of capitation fee).
No screening either of the child or of the parents forNo screening either of the child or of the parents for
admission.admission.
Sec. 14Sec. 14 ––
Age of the child is to be determined on the basis of the birthAge of the child is to be determined on the basis of the birth
certificate issued in accordance with the provisions of thecertificate issued in accordance with the provisions of the
Births, Deaths and Marriage Registration Act, 1886 orBirths, Deaths and Marriage Registration Act, 1886 or
Hospital register record or Anganwadi record or even anHospital register record or Anganwadi record or even an
Affidavit. No child shall be denied admission in a school forAffidavit. No child shall be denied admission in a school for
lack of age proof.lack of age proof.

18. Sec. 15Sec. 15 ––
No denial of admission even if the child does notNo denial of admission even if the child does not
turn up at the commencement of the academicturn up at the commencement of the academic
year.year.
Sec. 16Sec. 16 ––
No child once admitted, can be held back orNo child once admitted, can be held back or
expelled till the completion of elementaryexpelled till the completion of elementary
education.education.
Sec. 17Sec. 17 ––
No child shall be subjected to physical punishmentNo child shall be subjected to physical punishment
or mental harassment.or mental harassment.

19. Sec. 18Sec. 18 ––
No school to be established without obtainingNo school to be established without obtaining
certificate of recognition.certificate of recognition.
Sec. 19Sec. 19 ––
Schools to fulfill all the norms and standardsSchools to fulfill all the norms and standards
specified in the schedule.specified in the schedule.
Sec. 20Sec. 20 ––
Power of the Govt. to amend the schedulePower of the Govt. to amend the schedule

20. a)a) The elected representatives of the local authority,The elected representatives of the local authority,
parents/guardians and teachers,parents/guardians and teachers,
b)b) At least ¾ of members shall be parents/guardians,At least ¾ of members shall be parents/guardians,
c)c) Proportionate representation should be given to theProportionate representation should be given to the
parents/guardians of children belonging to disadvantaged groupparents/guardians of children belonging to disadvantaged group
and weaker section,and weaker section,
d)d) 50% members shall be women.50% members shall be women.
Sec. 21Sec. 21 ––
Every school should constitute a School Management CommitteeEvery school should constitute a School Management Committee
(SMC) consisting of:(SMC) consisting of:
a)a) Monitor the working of the school,Monitor the working of the school,
b)b) Prepare and recommend school development plan,Prepare and recommend school development plan,
c)c) Monitor the utilization of the grants received from the govt.,Monitor the utilization of the grants received from the govt.,
d)d) Perform other functions as may be prescribed.Perform other functions as may be prescribed.
Functions of the SMC. The SMC shallFunctions of the SMC. The SMC shall

21. Sec. 22Sec. 22 ––
Preparation of School Development Plan by the SMC.Preparation of School Development Plan by the SMC.
Sec. 23Sec. 23 ––
States that the qualification for appointment and terms andStates that the qualification for appointment and terms and
conditions of service of teachers shall be as laid down byconditions of service of teachers shall be as laid down by
the academic authority authorized by the Govt.the academic authority authorized by the Govt.
Sec. 24Sec. 24 ––
Duties of teachers. Teachers shall maintain regularity &Duties of teachers. Teachers shall maintain regularity &
punctuality, complete the curriculum, hold regular meetingspunctuality, complete the curriculum, hold regular meetings
with parents/guardians, etc.with parents/guardians, etc.

22. Sec. 25Sec. 25 ––
Pupil-Teacher Ratio as specified in the schedule is to bePupil-Teacher Ratio as specified in the schedule is to be
maintained, i.e., Classes I-V 30:1. Above 200 childrenmaintained, i.e., Classes I-V 30:1. Above 200 children
P-T ratio shall not exceed 40. Classes V-VIII 1:35, but atP-T ratio shall not exceed 40. Classes V-VIII 1:35, but at
least one teacher per class.least one teacher per class.
Sec. 26Sec. 26 ––
Filling up of vacancies of teachers.Filling up of vacancies of teachers.
Sec. 27Sec. 27 ––
Prohibition of deployment of teachers for non-educationalProhibition of deployment of teachers for non-educational
purposes other than decennial population census,purposes other than decennial population census,
disaster relief duties and for election duties.disaster relief duties and for election duties.
Sec. 28Sec. 28 ––
No private tuition by teachers.No private tuition by teachers.

23. Sec. 29Sec. 29 ––
(1) Curriculum and evaluation procedure for elementary education shall(1) Curriculum and evaluation procedure for elementary education shall
be laid down by academic authority to be specified by thebe laid down by academic authority to be specified by the
appropriate government,appropriate government,
(2) (f) medium of instruction shall, as far as practicable, be in child’s(2) (f) medium of instruction shall, as far as practicable, be in child’s
mother tongue,mother tongue,
(2) (h) comprehensive and continuous evaluation of child’s(2) (h) comprehensive and continuous evaluation of child’s
understanding etc.understanding etc.
Sec. 30Sec. 30 ––
1)1) No child shall be required to pass any board exam till completionNo child shall be required to pass any board exam till completion
of elementary education,of elementary education,
2)2) Every child completing elementary education shall be awarded aEvery child completing elementary education shall be awarded a
certificate.certificate.

24. Sec. 31Sec. 31 ––
The National Commission or the State Commission forThe National Commission or the State Commission for
Protection of Child Rights constituted under theProtection of Child Rights constituted under the
Commission of Protection of Child Rights Act, 2005, shallCommission of Protection of Child Rights Act, 2005, shall
in addition to the functions assigned to it, monitor, enquirein addition to the functions assigned to it, monitor, enquire
into complaints relating to child’s right to free andinto complaints relating to child’s right to free and
compulsory education and/or function as Appellatecompulsory education and/or function as Appellate
Authority above the local authorityAuthority above the local authority (Sec. 32)(Sec. 32) ..
Sec. 33Sec. 33 ––
Speaks of a National Advisory Council.Speaks of a National Advisory Council.
Sec. 34Sec. 34 ––
Speaks of the State Advisory council and their functions.Speaks of the State Advisory council and their functions.

25. Sec. 35Sec. 35 ––
The appropriate government may issue guidelines and giveThe appropriate government may issue guidelines and give
directions to the local authority or to the School Managingdirections to the local authority or to the School Managing
Committee.Committee.
Sec. 36Sec. 36 ––
No prosecution for offences without previous sanction of theNo prosecution for offences without previous sanction of the
appropriate authority.appropriate authority.
Sec. 37Sec. 37 ––
No suit or legal proceeding shall lie against action taken inNo suit or legal proceeding shall lie against action taken in
good faith.good faith.
Sec. 38Sec. 38 ––
Appropriate government may make rules for carrying out theAppropriate government may make rules for carrying out the
provisions of this Act.provisions of this Act.

26. ScheduleSchedule
1.1. Teacher-Pupil Ratio:Teacher-Pupil Ratio:
I-V –I-V –
upto 120 students – 1:30upto 120 students – 1:30
upto 120-200 students – 1:40 (+ H.M.)upto 120-200 students – 1:40 (+ H.M.)
more than 200 students – 1:40 (+ H.M.)more than 200 students – 1:40 (+ H.M.)
VI-VIII – 1:35VI-VIII – 1:35
Full Time – Science and Mathematics, SocialFull Time – Science and Mathematics, Social
Studies, LanguageStudies, Language
Part Time – Art Education, Health & PhysicalPart Time – Art Education, Health & Physical
Education, Work EducationEducation, Work Education

27. 2.2. Building :Building :
: all weather building,: all weather building,
: separate toilets for boys & girls: separate toilets for boys & girls
: safe and adequate drinking water: safe and adequate drinking water
: kitchen for MDM: kitchen for MDM
: playground: playground
: secured by boundary wall: secured by boundary wall

28. 3.3. Minimum working DaysMinimum working Days ––
I-V = 200I-V = 200
VI-VIII = 220VI-VIII = 220
Instructional HoursInstructional Hours ––
I-V = 800I-V = 800
I-VIII = 1000I-VIII = 1000

29. 4. Minimum Working Hours per week for4. Minimum Working Hours per week for
teachersteachers ––
45 (including preparation hours).45 (including preparation hours).
5. Provide5. Provide ––
- Teaching-Learning Equipment- Teaching-Learning Equipment
- Library- Library
- Games & Sports and other play materials.- Games & Sports and other play materials.

30. PART IVPART IV
Model RulesModel Rules
under the Right of Childrenunder the Right of Children
toto
Free & Compulsory EducationFree & Compulsory Education
Act 2009Act 2009

31. Key Points:Key Points:
1) The area or limits of neighborhood :1) The area or limits of neighborhood :
Classes I – V – within walking distance of 1 km.Classes I – V – within walking distance of 1 km.
Classes VI – VIII – within walking distance of 3 kms.Classes VI – VIII – within walking distance of 3 kms.
2) Where no school exists within the area or limits2) Where no school exists within the area or limits
specified, government has to make provision for freespecified, government has to make provision for free
transportation, residential facilities and other facilities.transportation, residential facilities and other facilities.
3) In areas with high population density, the State may3) In areas with high population density, the State may
establish more than one neighbourhood school.establish more than one neighbourhood school.

32. 4) The State has to make appropriate and safe4) The State has to make appropriate and safe
transportation arrangements for children withtransportation arrangements for children with
disabilities.disabilities.
5) The State to ensure that access of children to the5) The State to ensure that access of children to the
school is not hindered on account of social andschool is not hindered on account of social and
cultural factors.cultural factors.
6) The responsibility of providing free entitlement (text6) The responsibility of providing free entitlement (text
books, writing materials and uniforms, specialbooks, writing materials and uniforms, special
support materials for children with disabilities, etc)support materials for children with disabilities, etc)
shall be of the school in case of school belongingshall be of the school in case of school belonging
to specified category and unaided schools.to specified category and unaided schools.

33. 7) The local authority shall maintain a record of all7) The local authority shall maintain a record of all
children in its jurisdiction through householdchildren in its jurisdiction through household
survey from their birth till they attain 14 years. Thesurvey from their birth till they attain 14 years. The
record has to be updated each year.record has to be updated each year.
8) Per child expenditure is defined and calculated as8) Per child expenditure is defined and calculated as
the total annual recurring expenditure incurred bythe total annual recurring expenditure incurred by
the State divided by the total number of childrenthe State divided by the total number of children
enrolled in all such schools. (Govt. aided schoolsenrolled in all such schools. (Govt. aided schools
are not considered as govt. schools in this regard.)are not considered as govt. schools in this regard.)
9) Every school receiving reimbursement from the9) Every school receiving reimbursement from the
government should maintain separate bankgovernment should maintain separate bank
account.account.

34. 10) Every non-government school existing before the10) Every non-government school existing before the
commencement of the Act has to make a selfcommencement of the Act has to make a self
declaration within 3 months in Form No. I to thedeclaration within 3 months in Form No. I to the
concerned DEO regarding its compliance or otherwiseconcerned DEO regarding its compliance or otherwise
for its recognition. Schools which do not conform tofor its recognition. Schools which do not conform to
the norms, standards and conditions after 3 yearsthe norms, standards and conditions after 3 years
from the commencement of the Act shall cease tofrom the commencement of the Act shall cease to
function.function.
Compliance include:Compliance include:
(1) The school is open to inspection by any officer(1) The school is open to inspection by any officer
appointed by the appropriate authority,appointed by the appropriate authority,
(2) The school undertakes to furnish reports and(2) The school undertakes to furnish reports and
information as may be required by the DEO from timeinformation as may be required by the DEO from time
to time, etc.to time, etc.

35. 11) Every non-government school established11) Every non-government school established
after the Act came into force has to conform toafter the Act came into force has to conform to
the norms, standards and conditions stated inthe norms, standards and conditions stated in
order to qualify for recognition.order to qualify for recognition.
12) Every school, other than an unaided school,12) Every school, other than an unaided school,
should constitute a School Managementshould constitute a School Management
Committee (SMC).Committee (SMC).

36.  75% from parents/guardians75% from parents/guardians
 Of the remaining 25%:Of the remaining 25%:
 1/3 members from amongst elected members of the local authority1/3 members from amongst elected members of the local authority
 1/3members from the teachers of the school to be decided by the1/3members from the teachers of the school to be decided by the
teachersteachers
 Remaining 1/3 from amongst local educationists/children in theRemaining 1/3 from amongst local educationists/children in the
school to be decided by the parents in the committeeschool to be decided by the parents in the committee
 The SMC shall elect a Chairperson and Vice-Chairperson fromThe SMC shall elect a Chairperson and Vice-Chairperson from
among the parent members.among the parent members.
 The Head Teacher/Senior most teacher of the school shall be theThe Head Teacher/Senior most teacher of the school shall be the
ex-officio member – convener.ex-officio member – convener.
 The SMC is to meet at least once a month and maintain minutesThe SMC is to meet at least once a month and maintain minutes
and decisions of the meetings.and decisions of the meetings.
 Prepare a 3 year school development plan.Prepare a 3 year school development plan.
Composition of School Management Committee (SMC) :Composition of School Management Committee (SMC) :

37. 13)13) An Academic Authority (the SCERT) to lay downAn Academic Authority (the SCERT) to lay down
minimum academic qualifications for persons eligibleminimum academic qualifications for persons eligible
for appointment as a teacher.for appointment as a teacher.
14)14) The SMC shall be the first level of grievance redressalThe SMC shall be the first level of grievance redressal
of teachers.of teachers.
15)15) The State government should constitute SchoolsThe State government should constitute Schools
Tribunals at the State, District and Block levels forTribunals at the State, District and Block levels for
grievance redressal.grievance redressal.
16)16) Where the State Commission for Protection of ChildWhere the State Commission for Protection of Child
Rights does not exist, the State government shallRights does not exist, the State government shall
appoint an interim authority - Right to Educationappoint an interim authority - Right to Education
Protection Authority (REPA).Protection Authority (REPA).

38. PART VPART V
Comments/Consequences/ImplicationsComments/Consequences/Implications
of the Act for Minoritiesof the Act for Minorities

39. Comments / Consequences /ImplicationsComments / Consequences /Implications
of the Act for Minoritiesof the Act for Minorities
 Enforcement of the Fundamental Rights is the duty of the state.Enforcement of the Fundamental Rights is the duty of the state.
Now the state is enforcing it on others including the minorities.Now the state is enforcing it on others including the minorities.
 RTE Act threatens to take away the rights granted andRTE Act threatens to take away the rights granted and
guaranteed to the minorities under the constitutionguaranteed to the minorities under the constitution
 RTE Act does not mention the word ‘minority’ at all anywhere inRTE Act does not mention the word ‘minority’ at all anywhere in
the act.the act.
 Will RTEA negate/black out the Art.30? Writs are already filedWill RTEA negate/black out the Art.30? Writs are already filed
and pending in the S.C.and pending in the S.C.
 25% seats to be reserved for disadvantaged groups. How do you25% seats to be reserved for disadvantaged groups. How do you
identify “children belonging to disadvantaged group”? Whatidentify “children belonging to disadvantaged group”? What
happens if more than 25% come for admission?happens if more than 25% come for admission?

40. Comments / Consequence / Implications of the Act for Mino
 Under the act, compulsory education starts at the age ofUnder the act, compulsory education starts at the age of
6. Normally our schools admit children in UKG or LKG6. Normally our schools admit children in UKG or LKG
depending on the age. So in our schools admission willdepending on the age. So in our schools admission will
have to be from Pre-school.have to be from Pre-school.
 Where a child is directly admitted in a class appropriateWhere a child is directly admitted in a class appropriate
to his/her age, he/she has a right to receive specialto his/her age, he/she has a right to receive special
training to be at par with others. How do you do that?training to be at par with others. How do you do that?
 Regarding age proof even an affidavit will suffice. Now,Regarding age proof even an affidavit will suffice. Now,
can you insist on hospital certificate or baptismcan you insist on hospital certificate or baptism
certificate?certificate?
 No test or interview for admission. So what are theNo test or interview for admission. So what are the
consequences? How will you reconcile this?consequences? How will you reconcile this?

41. Comments / Consequence / Implications of the Act for Mino
 Government will prescribe a common syllabus. WhatGovernment will prescribe a common syllabus. What
happens to your school syllabus?happens to your school syllabus?
 The school has to provide entitlements (books, uniformsThe school has to provide entitlements (books, uniforms
even transportation) to the 25% disadvantaged students.even transportation) to the 25% disadvantaged students.
 The government is supposed to provide books for themThe government is supposed to provide books for them
but will not match with the text books you are using?but will not match with the text books you are using?
Moreover, the books from govt. quota hardly come inMoreover, the books from govt. quota hardly come in
time. So what’s the solution? National curriculum?time. So what’s the solution? National curriculum?
 There is provision for MDM for the disadvantagedThere is provision for MDM for the disadvantaged
children. How are you going to handle that?children. How are you going to handle that?
 Government will reimburse all the expenses as per itsGovernment will reimburse all the expenses as per its
norms. The school has to maintain a separate banknorms. The school has to maintain a separate bank
account for the amount received.account for the amount received.

42. Comments / Consequence / Implications of the Act for Mino
 No child is to be detained up to class 8. OnNo child is to be detained up to class 8. On
completion of class 8 a child is to be given acompletion of class 8 a child is to be given a
certificate stating that s/he has completed thecertificate stating that s/he has completed the
course.course.
 No physical punishment or mental harassment ofNo physical punishment or mental harassment of
the child while in schoolthe child while in school. (“Spare the rod and spoil. (“Spare the rod and spoil
the child” ??)the child” ??)
 No disciplinary action ; no expulsion of students isNo disciplinary action ; no expulsion of students is
possible.possible.
 School buildings cannot be used for non-educationalSchool buildings cannot be used for non-educational
purpose. What does it mean?purpose. What does it mean?

43. Comments / Consequence / Implications of the Act for Mino
 Every school,Every school, other than an unaided schoolother than an unaided school (exempted under(exempted under
Model Rule 13), must have a School Managing CommitteeModel Rule 13), must have a School Managing Committee
(SMC).(SMC).
 75% of the members must be parents/guardians of the75% of the members must be parents/guardians of the
children. Remaining from local representatives of the people,children. Remaining from local representatives of the people,
teachers representatives etc. 50 % are to be women.teachers representatives etc. 50 % are to be women.
 Prima facie it appears that only one person, namely thePrima facie it appears that only one person, namely the
School Head can represent the management. Doesn’t itSchool Head can represent the management. Doesn’t it
violate the minority right under Art. 30?violate the minority right under Art. 30?
 What happens to the existing Governing Board? With this theWhat happens to the existing Governing Board? With this the
virtual control of the school will be with the SMC.virtual control of the school will be with the SMC.
 Are they qualified, competent to carry out theseAre they qualified, competent to carry out these
responsibilities including financial affairs such as schoolresponsibilities including financial affairs such as school
development plan, annual accounts of receipts and paymentsdevelopment plan, annual accounts of receipts and payments
etc.?etc.?
 Isn’t it a simple conversion of the existing VEC (VillageIsn’t it a simple conversion of the existing VEC (Village
Education Committee) concept in villages under SSA to allEducation Committee) concept in villages under SSA to all
schools?schools?

44. Comments / Consequence / Implications of the Act for Mino
 No school can be established without obtainingNo school can be established without obtaining
certificate of registration.certificate of registration.
 Existing schools, too, have to obtain registration.Existing schools, too, have to obtain registration.
 Recognition once granted can also be withdrawnRecognition once granted can also be withdrawn
on condition of non fulfillment of norms,on condition of non fulfillment of norms,
standards, conditions etc. Hence there willstandards, conditions etc. Hence there will
always loom large the fear and threat of de-always loom large the fear and threat of de-
recognition under some pretext or other.recognition under some pretext or other.
 No tuitions are allowed. Can our schools tightenNo tuitions are allowed. Can our schools tighten
the noose on our teachers in this regard?the noose on our teachers in this regard?

45. Comments / Consequence / Implications of the Act for Mino
 Doesn’t the idea of admitting children to theDoesn’t the idea of admitting children to the
‘neighborhood school’ take away the freedom of‘neighborhood school’ take away the freedom of
parents/guardians to choose the school of their choice?.parents/guardians to choose the school of their choice?.
Will the govt. servants, politicians etc. do the same?Will the govt. servants, politicians etc. do the same?
 No prosecution of any offence under the act withoutNo prosecution of any offence under the act without
previous sanction of an authorized officer. That seems toprevious sanction of an authorized officer. That seems to
give a ray of hope.give a ray of hope.
 The school has to furnish such reports and informationThe school has to furnish such reports and information
as may be required by the DEO including copy of theas may be required by the DEO including copy of the
audited report. The school is also open to inspection byaudited report. The school is also open to inspection by
any officer appointed by the govt. or local authority. Thisany officer appointed by the govt. or local authority. This
can be used as a sword of Damocles. It’s a clear andcan be used as a sword of Damocles. It’s a clear and
blatant violation of Fundamental Right of Minorities.blatant violation of Fundamental Right of Minorities.

46. The EndThe End
Thank You !Thank You !