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Boldson Herdiato Situmorang, Skom., MMSI
Metode Analitis
Strategi
Pemain B
Minimum Baris
B1 B2
Pemain A
A1 2 5 2 Maksimin
A3 6 1 1
6 5
Maksimum Kolom
6 5
minimaks
Strategi campuran dengan metode analitis digunakan untuk
menghitung nilai-nilai probabilitas payoff.
Metode Analitis
Untuk Perusahaan A
Anggap bahwa Perusahaan A
menggunakan strategi A1 dengan
probabilitas p, dan strategi A3
probabilitasnya 1-pprobabilitasnya 1-p
Anggap bahwa Perusahaan B
menggunakan strategi B1, maka
keuntungan yang diharapkan Perusahaan
A adalah:
2p + 6(1-p) = 6 – 4p
Metode Analitis
Bila Perusahaan B menggunakan strategi B2,
maka keuntungan yang diharapkan
Perusahaan A adalah:
5p + 1(1-p) = 1 + 4p
Strategi optimal untuk Perusahaan A
didapatkan dengan menyamakan kedua
Strategi optimal untuk Perusahaan A
didapatkan dengan menyamakan kedua
payoff yang diharapkan tersebut, diperoleh
6 – 4p = 1 + 4p atau p = = 0,625
Berarti perusahaan A menggunakan strategi
A1 62,5% dan strategi A3 37,5%
8
5
Metode Analitis
Keuntungan yang diharapkan Perusahaan
A :
2p + 6(1-p) = 5p + 1(1-p)
2(0,625) + 6(0,375) = 5(0,625) + 1(0,375)2(0,625) + 6(0,375) = 5(0,625) + 1(0,375)
= 3,5
Metode Analitis
Untuk Perusahaan B
Anggap bahwa Perusahaan B
menggunakan probabilitas q untuk
strategi B1 dan 1-q untuk strategi B2.
Bila Perusahaan A menggunakan strategiBila Perusahaan A menggunakan strategi
A1, kerugian yang diharapkan Perusahaan
B adalah: 2q + 5(1-q) = 5 – 3q
Bila Perusahaan A menggunakan strategi
A3, kerugian yang diharapkan Perusahaan
B adalah: 6q +1(1-q) = 1 + 5q
Metode Analitis
Strategi optimal Perusahaan B adalah:
5 – 3q = 1 + 5q atau q = = 0,5
Ini berarti Perusahaan B seharusnya
8
4
Ini berarti Perusahaan B seharusnya
menggunakan strategi B1 50% dan
strategi B2 50%. Pemilihan strategi ini
dilakukan secara acak (random).
Metode Analitis
Keuntungan yang diharapkan perusahaan B:
2q + 5(1-q) = 6q + 1(1-q)
2(0,5) + 5(0,5) = 6(0,5) + 1(0,5)
= 3,5= 3,5
Kesimpulan:
a. Dengan menggunakan strategi campuran
dapat dicapai titik yang ekuilibrium
dimana keuntungan (per permainan)
yang diharapkan oleh maximizing player =
kerugian (per permainan) yang
diharapkan oleh minimizing player.
Metode Analitis
b. Perusahaan A telah menaikkan
keuntungan yang diharapkan dari 2
menjadi 3,5 dan Perusahaan B
mengurangi kerugian yang diharapkanmengurangi kerugian yang diharapkan
dari 5 menjadi 3,5. (bandingkan nilai
maksimin dan minimaks dalam tabel)

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Analisis Strategi Bisnis

  • 2. Metode Analitis Strategi Pemain B Minimum Baris B1 B2 Pemain A A1 2 5 2 Maksimin A3 6 1 1 6 5 Maksimum Kolom 6 5 minimaks Strategi campuran dengan metode analitis digunakan untuk menghitung nilai-nilai probabilitas payoff.
  • 3. Metode Analitis Untuk Perusahaan A Anggap bahwa Perusahaan A menggunakan strategi A1 dengan probabilitas p, dan strategi A3 probabilitasnya 1-pprobabilitasnya 1-p Anggap bahwa Perusahaan B menggunakan strategi B1, maka keuntungan yang diharapkan Perusahaan A adalah: 2p + 6(1-p) = 6 – 4p
  • 4. Metode Analitis Bila Perusahaan B menggunakan strategi B2, maka keuntungan yang diharapkan Perusahaan A adalah: 5p + 1(1-p) = 1 + 4p Strategi optimal untuk Perusahaan A didapatkan dengan menyamakan kedua Strategi optimal untuk Perusahaan A didapatkan dengan menyamakan kedua payoff yang diharapkan tersebut, diperoleh 6 – 4p = 1 + 4p atau p = = 0,625 Berarti perusahaan A menggunakan strategi A1 62,5% dan strategi A3 37,5% 8 5
  • 5. Metode Analitis Keuntungan yang diharapkan Perusahaan A : 2p + 6(1-p) = 5p + 1(1-p) 2(0,625) + 6(0,375) = 5(0,625) + 1(0,375)2(0,625) + 6(0,375) = 5(0,625) + 1(0,375) = 3,5
  • 6. Metode Analitis Untuk Perusahaan B Anggap bahwa Perusahaan B menggunakan probabilitas q untuk strategi B1 dan 1-q untuk strategi B2. Bila Perusahaan A menggunakan strategiBila Perusahaan A menggunakan strategi A1, kerugian yang diharapkan Perusahaan B adalah: 2q + 5(1-q) = 5 – 3q Bila Perusahaan A menggunakan strategi A3, kerugian yang diharapkan Perusahaan B adalah: 6q +1(1-q) = 1 + 5q
  • 7. Metode Analitis Strategi optimal Perusahaan B adalah: 5 – 3q = 1 + 5q atau q = = 0,5 Ini berarti Perusahaan B seharusnya 8 4 Ini berarti Perusahaan B seharusnya menggunakan strategi B1 50% dan strategi B2 50%. Pemilihan strategi ini dilakukan secara acak (random).
  • 8. Metode Analitis Keuntungan yang diharapkan perusahaan B: 2q + 5(1-q) = 6q + 1(1-q) 2(0,5) + 5(0,5) = 6(0,5) + 1(0,5) = 3,5= 3,5 Kesimpulan: a. Dengan menggunakan strategi campuran dapat dicapai titik yang ekuilibrium dimana keuntungan (per permainan) yang diharapkan oleh maximizing player = kerugian (per permainan) yang diharapkan oleh minimizing player.
  • 9. Metode Analitis b. Perusahaan A telah menaikkan keuntungan yang diharapkan dari 2 menjadi 3,5 dan Perusahaan B mengurangi kerugian yang diharapkanmengurangi kerugian yang diharapkan dari 5 menjadi 3,5. (bandingkan nilai maksimin dan minimaks dalam tabel)