1. NEW CHALLENGES TO PRIVACY DUE
TO EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AND
DIFFERENT PRIVACY PERCEPTION OF
YOUNGER GENERATIONS:
THE EU PRACTIS PROJECT
-
NIV_A@MLA/AC/IL
12. P R I VAC Y – AP P R A I S I N G C H AL L E N G E S TO
TECHNOLOGIES AND ETHICS
PROJECT ACRONYM: PRACTIS
PA R T I C I PA N T S : T E L AV I V
U N I V E R S I T Y ( C O O R D I N AT O R ) ,
NEXUS- BERLIN,
N A M O U R U N I V E R S I T Y- B E L G I U M ,
L O D G E U N I V E R S I T Y- P O L A N D ,
T E M P E R E U N I V E R S I T Y- F I N L A N D
18. Students use SNS mostly to communicate and exchange
information with ‚real world„s friends
DIFFERENT PRIVACY PERCEPTION OF YOUNGER
GENERATIONS
19. Scenarios show that convenience, discounts, and an increase in security are perceived
as such benefits in everyday life situations.
DIFFERENT PRIVACY PERCEPTION OF YOUNGER
GENERATIONS
20. 1.2. ONLINE ACTIVITIES AS PART OF THE SPHERE OF
PRIVACY
DIFFERENT PRIVACY PERCEPTION OF YOUNGER
GENERATIONS
21. 1.4. STUDENTS ARE READY TO TRADE OFF PRIVACY
FOR BENEFITS
Scenarios show that convenience, discounts, and an increase in security are perceived
as such benefits in everyday life situations.
DIFFERENT PRIVACY PERCEPTION OF YOUNGER
GENERATIONS
22. 2.2. ADULTS HAVE A DIFFERENT USE OF ONLINE
COMMUNICATION TOOLS
Adults are shorter times online than students.
DIFFERENT PRIVACY PERCEPTION OF YOUNGER
GENERATIONS
23. 2.2. ADULTS HAVE A DIFFERENT USE OF ONLINE
COMMUNICATION TOOLS
Adults use mainly person-to-person type of communication tools: e-mail (students use
mainly SNS)
DIFFERENT PRIVACY PERCEPTION OF YOUNGER
GENERATIONS
24. 2.3. FEWER ADULTS ARE WILLING TO USE EMERGING
TECHNOLOGIES
DIFFERENT PRIVACY PERCEPTION OF YOUNGER
GENERATIONS
25. 2. GENERATIONAL DIFFERENCES
1. Adults have a higher awareness for privacy and data
protection
2. Adults have a different use of online communication
tools
3. Fewer adults are willing to use emerging technologies
4. Adults are more willing to trade off privacy for security
DIFFERENT PRIVACY PERCEPTION OF YOUNGER
GENERATIONS
26. DIFFERENCES AMONG COUNTRIES:
DIFFERENCES IN PRIVACY AWARENESS
Austria and Germany are more reluctant to use Facebook applications when
personal data is submitted. Israel, Poland, and Finland more willing to use
such applications.
DIFFERENT PRIVACY PERCEPTION OF YOUNGER
GENERATIONS
27. 3.2. DIFFERENCES IN INTERNET USE
DIFFERENT PRIVACY PERCEPTION OF YOUNGER
GENERATIONS
28. 3.2. DIFFERENCES IN INTERNET USE
DIFFERENT PRIVACY PERCEPTION OF YOUNGER
GENERATIONS
29. 3.2. DIFFERENCES IN INTERNET USE
DIFFERENT PRIVACY PERCEPTION OF YOUNGER
GENERATIONS
30. CROSS COUNTRY ANALYSIS
1. Differences in privacy awareness can be observed:
Countries with a higher awareness: Germany, Belgium,
Austria
Countries with a lower awareness: Israel, Poland,
Finland
2. Differences in Internet Use
3. Differences in SNS Use
DIFFERENT PRIVACY PERCEPTION OF YOUNGER
GENERATIONS
33. THREATENING TECHNOLOGIES
1. Nanotechnology and New Materials:
Future ultra-sensitive nanosensors are
envisioned, with a dramatic impact on
surveillance and security – and on privacy. It
is expected that such devices will be able,
for example, to detect drugs from saliva
samples of people, or to detect where a
person has been by quickly sampling minute
environmental clues on clothes.
DIFFERENT PRIVACY PERCEPTION OF YOUNGER
GENERATIONS
34. THREATENING TECHNOLOGIES (CONT’)
2. Medicine, Biology and Biometrics: Such technologies together
with micro sampling devices could be used in the not-distant future to
achieve easy and clandestine approach to personal biological samples
and production of whole genomic sequences data, without permission
of the targeted person. This could result in genetic data being
unwillingly made available to interested bodies such as insurance
companies, and used by them to the detriment of those people, or for
"genetic blackmailing".
With regards to Biometrics, the ubiquitous implementation of new and
emerging surveillance technologies aimed to improve the security, in
face of new threats to the democratic society, is already a fact of life in
many countries.
DIFFERENT PRIVACY PERCEPTION OF YOUNGER
GENERATIONS
35. THREATENING TECHNOLOGIES (CONT’)
3. Robotics and cyborgs: Depending on their functions
and the variety of embedded sensors, the increasing
interaction of robots with humans poses privacy
concerns, in particular with regards to surveillance.
Moreover, social interaction with robots can have
"chilling effect": It can impact on our sense of being
alone and able to act freely. The mere presence of a
robot, especially a "humanoid" one, may create the
subjective feeling of being watched.
Example: "cyborg insects
DIFFERENT PRIVACY PERCEPTION OF YOUNGER
GENERATIONS
36. THREATENING TECHNOLOGIES (CONT’)
4. Cognition: In the not too distant future researchers will
probably achieve the ability to understand and describe the
biochemical and neuro-electrical processes associated with
human intentions, impulses, feelings, etc. and to transfer that
knowledge in terms of formally well-defined processes.
The recently developed "real-time functional MRI" (rtfMRI)
enables watching one‟s own brain activation „live‟, and
progress is made towards directly reading a person‟s
ongoing mental images. One possible application is highly
reliable lie detection, with potential impact on law
enforcement and security but also a dramatic potential for
misuse, e.g. by inappropriately screening employees or
insurance applicants
DIFFERENT PRIVACY PERCEPTION OF YOUNGER
GENERATIONS
37. THREATENING TECHNOLOGIES (CONT’)
5. Information and Communication
Technologies: The "digital universe" is growing at
an enormous pace. A significant part of it includes
personal information (“digital shadow”) created by
people or organizations (in everyday activities, and
in many cases unintentionally). The digital trails
that each of us leaves are getting richer as ICTrelated technologies make deeper inroads into our
life
DIFFERENT PRIVACY PERCEPTION OF YOUNGER
GENERATIONS
38. THREATENING TECHNOLOGIES (CONT’)
A particularly notable aspect of ICTs is that of Ambient
Intelligence (AmI). AmI, and the closely related concept
of the "Internet of Things" (IoT) pertain to an idea of
ubiquitous "invisible" computers and sensors embedded
everywhere, and a multitude interconnected objects. AmI
system would be able to react appropriately to changes
in its environment, particularly to human behaviours.
As far as privacy is concerned, one key point of AmI
lies in the link between physiological data (gathered
through sensors) and emotional assessments that
automatically take place thanks to complex
algorithms.
Add to all that the “Big Data” capabilities.
DIFFERENT PRIVACY PERCEPTION OF YOUNGER
GENERATIONS
39. PRINCIPLES FOR KEEPING REASONABLE PRIVACY
The right to close the door
Consent is a critical key of privacy protection
Transparency
Proportionality (in balance with other societal needs)
Privacy by design
Data Subject's Control
Reveal purpose of data acquisition
Meeting Points
DIFFERENT PRIVACY PERCEPTION OF YOUNGER
GENERATIONS
40. PRIVACY CHALLENGES - DEFINITION
The situation in which an
emerging & future technology
is likely to have a negative
implication on privacy;
and
where this negative implication is
likely to be perceived as such in
the future
DIFFERENT PRIVACY PERCEPTION OF YOUNGER
GENERATIONS
41. PRIVACY CHALLENGES
Loss of Control
Privacy Divides
Distributed Agencies
Privacy Paradox
Notoriously difficult to define privacy
Privacy vs. efficiency; trade-offs (control, distributed
agency, paradox), national security, law enforcement
Globalization
EU harmonization
Enforcement
DIFFERENT PRIVACY PERCEPTION OF YOUNGER
GENERATIONS
42. MAJOR RECOMMENDATIONS
Basket of Solutions
Data Subject's Control
Privacy by Design (PbD)
Encourage the development and exploitation of Privacy Enhancing
Technologies (PETs)
Education program towards "safe use of the Internet“
Define the roles and broaden the scope of the duties of Data Protection
Agencies
Consent
Define by law and regulations the right to close the door and to be
forgotten
Legislation targeting individuals the breach privacy
Meeting Points
Define by law and regulations the requirements for transparency and
proportionality
Data categorization
Labelling
Initiation of a 'grey ecology'
DIFFERENT PRIVACY PERCEPTION OF YOUNGER
GENERATIONS
43. MAJOR RECOMMENDATIONS (CONT’)
Reduce privacy divides:
Identify the many causes of privacy divides. Based on the
findings, possible policy responses include:
Raising awareness of privacy issues, so to address
divides that are the result of ignorance.
Providing assistance to those in the need, such as people
with disabilities, the elder, and children.
Simplifying enforcement means so that they are more
accessible to more people; adding legal avenues for
enforcement on behalf of those who do not access the
judicial system.
Regulating data controllers' behaviour, by requiring them
to use simple, easy to understand, ways of conveying
information about their data practices.
Mandatory PETs; regulation of prices of technologies.
The regulation could also require that whenever a
traceless technology alternativePexists, Eit C E P T I O Nbe offered
must O F Y O U N G E R
DIFFERENT
RIVACY P R
GENERATIONS
at the same price as the tracing technology.
44. –
Niv Ahituv, “The Open Information Society”,
Communications of the ACM, Vol.44, No. 6 (June 2001),
pp 48-52.
www.practis.org
DIFFERENT PRIVACY PERCEPTION OF YOUNGER
GENERATIONS
