2. Unity in Italy
● Italy was divided in
six countries
● The Pope was
sovereing in papal
States which were
protected by France.
● Lombardy and
Veneto were annexed
by Austria
3. Italian unification
● Piedemont was the main
kingdom. It had a liberal
monarchy (Savoy)
● Cavour was its Prime
Minister
● 1859 Lombardia was
annexed by Piedemont
with help of France.
● 1866 Piedemont got The
Veneto thanks to the
Austro-Prussian war .
4. GARIBALDI ( Romantic man)
● The Italian nationalist
Giuseppe Garibaldi led a
nationalist uprising in 1861
● Redshirts is the name given
to the volunteers who
followed Giuseppe Garibaldi
in southern Italy.
● Garibaldi offered The south of
Italy and the central republic
to The Piedemont
● The first Italian Parliament
proclaimed Victor Manuel II
King of Italy in 1861
5. Victor manuel II, Liberal King of Italy
● Papal states were
annexed in 1870
when France was
fighting against
Prusia
● Italy was a Country
and its capital was
Rome.
6. Unity in Germany
● Germany was divided
into 36 states
● Main problem: Rivalry
between Prussia and
Austria.
● Zollverein (a customs
union) was created by
Prussia in 1834 . It
was the first step to
this unification
7. German unification
● Austria missed the
boat
● The uprising of 1848
offered the crown to
Kaiser but He didn´t
want a liberal
kingdom and he
rejected it.
● Prussia chose the
path of the war
8. Bye bye Napoleon .
● War against Austria in 1866
moved this country away
from path of unification
● War against France united
all the countries under the
rule of King of Prussia.
● Otto von Bismarck gained
the war against Napoleon
III
● He got two little territories ,
Alsacia amd Lorena
● France got into The Third
Republic.
10. Decline of the old European
empires.
● These empires were a
puzzle of “peoples” and
all of them wanted one
thing , independence.
● Turkish empire: Croats,
Serbs, Bosnians,
Bulgarians
● Austrian Empire;
Hungarians, Czechs,
Polish ,Slovaks
● Russian empire:
Moldavians, Ukranians,
Lithuanians ,Polish
,Armenians , finns ...
