Ethiopia and the quest for modern health care 2010

1. Ethiopia and the Quest for Modern Health Care Enawgaw Mehari, MD Consulting Neurologist St. Claire Regional Medical Center/University of Kentucky Honorary Staff BLH FM Addis Ababa University Founder and President People to People Inc. www.peoplepeople.org

2. The Quest Begins

3. Emperor Lebna Dengel 1508-1540 Appealed to the Portuguese King for… “ men who make medicine and physicians and surgeons to cure illnesses…” Joalo Bermudes: surgeon-barber (1520-1535) First record of a foreign practitioner in Ethiopia

6. 1768 : Although not formally trained, James Bruce, the Scottish traveler, treated many including Queen Iteghe and her family for small pox in Gondar.

8. Emperor Sahla Dengel (1832-1840) 19 th Century Modern Medicine Expanded Formal French and British scientific and diplomatic missions to Ethiopia in the late 1830s and early 1840s brought modern medicine to sizeable portion of the populations in Tigre and Shawa.

9. Emperor Sahla Dengel (1832-1840) 19 th Century Modern Medicine Expanded French physician Petit imported smallpox vaccine from Europe. However, the vaccine was “spoilt in transit”

11. Emperor Yohannes 1872-1889 19 th Century Modern Medicine Expanded Although regarded as a traditionalist Yohannes accepted Western medicine Greek King George I of the Hellenes sent Dr. Nicholas Parisis who practiced during the smallpox epidemic in 1886.

12. Emperor Yohannes and Small Pox Vaccine First monarch to be vaccinated against smallpox - His commander, Ras Alulu - The Abun (head of church) - King Menilik of Shewa - King Teklehaimanoy of Gojjam - Many Children He forbid the OLD Practice of vaccination

13. Dr. Andre from Hungary specialized in the manufacture and repair of weapons made artificial arms and legs for bandits and thieves whom Emperor Yohannes ordered amputation and punishment Foreign missionaries were excluded by the Emperor from working in Ethiopia proper. Emperor Yohannes IV

16. Donated surgical instruments. The first Italian medical mission of four doctors. It was short duration due to the Italio- Ethiopian dispute. Dr. Leopold Traversi, Italian physician

41. Dr.Melaku Beyan

45. 2005 139 hospitals, 87 public, 52 other 2006 The average physician to hospital ratios were: Tigray 3.6 Oromia 6.1 Amhara 4.3 SNNPR 5.3 From 76 Public Hospitals outside of Addis in 2006, there was no specialists in 36, and no doctor at all in 3. Brain Drain Hospitals Berhan, J. 2008 Ethiopian Medical Journal 46:1-77

46. We have come so far! Where will we go from here?? 2010

48. Ethiopia and the Quest for Modern Health Care Dr. Richard Pankhurst We extend special appreciation to Dr. Richard Pankhurst, from whom the information presented here originated.