1. 05/04/07 Current Topics in Poultry Welfare G. F. Barbato Department of Poultry Science InterCollege Graduate Program in Genetics The Pennsylvania State University

2. What is “Animal Welfare”?

13. Plum Blueberry Cranberry Pecan Sunflower Maize (corn) Tomato Cotton Sweet potato Common bean Potato Peanut Lima Bean Yam Pineapple Oats Sugar beet Rye Cabbage Wheat Barley Onion Pea Lentil Chick-pea Fig Date Pear Apple (?) Buckwheat Alfalfa Hemp Soybean Cabbage Onion Peach Oriental rice Banana Citrus Sugarcane Tea Coconut Breadfruit Macadamia nut Eggplant Cucumber Sesame (?) African rice Sorghum Yam Watermelon Coffee SOURCES: J. R. Harlan, "The plants and animals that nourish Man', Sci. Amer. 235(3):88-97, Sept., 1986 E. S. E. Hafez, The Behaviour of Domestic Animals, The Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, 1969.

14. Livestock Populations of the World (average 1990 - 92) (FAOSTAT, 1994,1998,2003) 2000-2002 Population (x 10 9 ) 1.35 1.8 0.91 0.12 0.18 18.2 5.9

15. Livestock Populations of the World

16. What is the social context? Negative beliefs about eating meat amongst vegetarians (listed according to order of importance) Eating Beef • Involves animal cruelty • Means eating hormones • Increases cholesterol levels • Risk of food poisoning • Means eating additives Eating Chicken • Involves animal cruelty • Means eating hormones • Risk of food poisoning • Means eating antibiotics • Means eating additives

19. Economic Reality – Meat 1945 1955 1965 1975 1985 1990 2000 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 AGE TO 3.5 LB. PER CAPITA (lbs) Y E A R P E R C A P I T A C O N S U M P T I O N ( l b s ) (PROJECTION) A G E ( d a y s )

21. U.S. Annual Egg Production / Consumption

25. Average Fertility of a Commercial Broiler Breeder Population n = 2500, during 120 day lay cycle with weekly artificial inseminations

29. Idealized Broiler/Breeder Life Cycle