3. 14L and 14H Lines at 14 and 42 Days (S 14 ) 14L 14H 38 g 319 g 172 g 861 g

4. Life Cycle of Selection Lines

5. QTL Analysis F 2 segregating generations Substantial heterosis or dominance for early growth

6. QTL Analysis F 2 segregating generations Substantial additive variation for late growth

8. RFLP A a AA Aa aa Resulting gel

9. RAPD A a AA Aa aa Resulting gel No PCR product

10. Microsatellite A a AA Aa aa Resulting gel GCC GCC GCC GCC GCC GCC GCC GCC

11. Molecular marker loci properties Rafalski and Tingey, 1993

13. Holliday model of chromosome recombination

15. Backcross design Parental strains X X F 1 strains Backcross Progeny Non-recombinants Recombinants Frequency = 1 - r Frequency = r m q m q M Q M Q m q M Q M Q M Q m q M Q M Q M Q m Q M Q M q M Q

16. Bulked segregant analysis 14L 14H F 1 F 2 Bulk 1 Mostly qq ; enriched for m , depleted for M Bulk 2 Mostly QQ ; enriched for M , depleted for m m q m q M Q M Q M Q m q

17. Recombinant inbred lines (by selfing)

18. Recombinant inbred lines (by sibling mating)

20. Grand-daughter design X Grandsire & Grandam(s) X X Sons x random dams (genotyped) Son Son Grand-daughters M 1 Q 1 M 2 Q 2 M x Q x M x Q x M x Q x M x Q x M 1 Q 1 M x Q x M 2 Q 2 M x Q x M x Q x M x Q x M 1 Q 1 M x Q x M x Q x M x Q x M x Q x M x Q x M 2 Q 2 M x Q x

21. Determining the genome sequence Sequence assembly Partial digest Library of bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) with genomic fragments Alignment of BAC clones > contigs and anchoring On the molecular gene map Sequencing of overlapping BAC clone fragments “ Tiling path” > selection of BAC clones to be sequenced Annotation of genome sequence > prediction of genes

22. Genomes of human and mouse compared human: 22 chromosomes + X or Y mouse: 19 chromosomes + X or Y homologous segments are color-coded (total >300) human chromosomes correspond to segments of different mouse chromosomes e.g.. Segments of chr. 10, 11, 15, 16 and 19 correspond to mouse chromosome 7

23. Historical perspective: from genetic map to genome sequence

24. Chicken Chromosome 4 25 cM LEI122 * LEI76 LEI81 ** 270 cM SPP1 Murine SPP1 56.0 cM Chicken Chromosome 4 Murine Chromosome 5 (Late Growth QTL) (Cluster 1) (Cluster 2) Cluster 1 - Protein kinase II, glucokinase, VDR, galactosyltransferase, Ubiquitin C and FGF5 Cluster 2 - Acads, Phkg and Asl Cluster 3 - ZP3, Zonadhesin , Epo and Actin (Cluster 3)

25. Different markers corresonding to the same genes in prior slide.