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3. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES
What is VFD ?
Variable Frequency Drive
Used to control the speed of Motor
And make the system intelligent &
Saves energy
Speed of Motor directly Proportional to
Frequency
rmp = 120f/p
F: Frequency
P: Number of Poles
4. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES
Electric Motor Facts
Electric motors account for more than
used in industry
63%
two-thirds of all energy
of the energy consumed is linked to air & liquid flow
A typical 50HP industrial motor, with an efficiency of 90%, costs over
$25,000 to operate continuously over a year.
7. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES
How Does VFD vary Frequency?
A VFD, AC inverter, or electronic speed controller for AC motors converts the AC
supply to DC using a rectifier (diode), then converts it back to a variable frequency
by using a inverter bridge.
VFD Block Diagram
Motor
Main
Power
Rectifier
Capacitor
Switches
(IGBT’s)
8. Lets see how we can save energy using
Variable Frequency Drives
9. FAN CURVE – BASIC CHARACTERISTIC OF A FAN
At decreasing speed
PRESSURE (P)
AT A GIVEN SPEED
FLOW (Q)
10. FAN OPERATING POINT WITH LOAD
PRESSURE (P)
Operating Point
P = K X Q.Q
FLOW (Q)
18. OUTLET DAMPER CHARACTERISTICS
CURVES SHIFTS AS DAMPER CLOSES
120
100
% PRESSURE (P)
Energy = P X Q
60
80
100
% FLOW (Q)
Energy Saving = Difference in Area
19. OUTLET DAMPER CHARACTERISTICS
CFM
HORSE WEIGHTED
DUTY CYCLE
POWER
HP
100
10
35
3.5
80
40
35
14.0
60
40
31
12.4
40
10
27
2.7
TOTAL AVERAGE HORSE POWER REQUIREMENT 32.6
27. Important Parameters used in various
Applications
Source of Frequency Command
• Master frequency determined by digital keypad
• Master frequency determined by 0 to +10 V input on
AVI terminal
• Master frequency determined by 4 to 20mA input on
ACI terminal
• Master frequency determined by potentiometer on
digital keypad
28. Important Parameters used in various
Applications
Source of Operation Command
• Operation determined by digital keypad
• Operation determined by external control terminals,
keypad STOP is effective
• Operation determined by external control terminals,
keypad STOP is ineffective
31. Important Parameters used in various
Applications
Acc./ Dec.
Time
Voltage / Frequency Setting for various Applications
32. Important Parameters used in various
Applications
Acc S Curve
To Smooth the Acc/ Dec. Operation
Range 0 - 7
33. Important Parameters used in various
Applications
Jog Frequency
To adjust the Speed of Motor at Jog Mode
Jog Acc./ Dec Time
0.1 to 600.0 sec or 0.01 to 600.0 sec
34. Important Parameters used in various
Applications
Over–Voltage Stall Prevention
Over-Current Stall Prevention during Acceleration
35. Important Parameters used in various
Applications
Operation Control of VFD
2 Wire Control (1)– On/Off & Direction
from Toggle Button
36. Important Parameters used in various
Applications
Operation Control of VFD
2 Wire Control (2) – On/Off & Direction
from Toggle Button
37. Important Parameters used in various
Applications
Operation Control of VFD
3 Wire Control – On/Off from Push Button &
Toggle Button for Direction Control
38. Important Parameters used in various
Applications
Analog Output Signal
Analog Frequency Meter
(0 to Maximum Output Frequency)
Analog Current Meter
(0 to 250% of the rated AC drive current)
Analog Output Gain 0 ~ 200%
45. Important Parameters used in various
Applications
Second Source of Frequency Command
Keypad Up/Down
AVI (0-10V)
ACI (4-20mA)
Keypad Potentiometer
46. Important Parameters used in various
Applications
Reverse Operation Inhibition
Parameter Lock
PLC Operation
Jog Acc./ Dec Time
0.1 to 600.0 sec or 0.01 to 600.0 sec
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