This document discusses different types of stone structures throughout history, different types of stones, and methods for constructing stone features. It describes sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous stones and provides examples. It then outlines various uses for stone in free standing walls, steps, paving, seating and more. Finally, it describes methods for solid walls, dry stone walls, veneering, and strata and random construction styles.

1. RTF 3219A
Construct block and stone
features.

2. History

3. Stone Structures
• The Pyramids in Egypt
• The Great wall of China
• Stonehenge
• Statues on Christmas Island
• Incan Temples
• European Castles
• Roman aqueducts and roadways
• And many other structures around the world

8. Materials
• Sedimentary
• Metamorphic
• Igneous

9. Sedimentary
• Layers of Examples:
sediment, such as silt • Sandstone
and • Limestone
sand, compressed
over a period of time. • Mudstone
• Shale

12. Metamorphic
• Originally Examples:
sedimentary • Marble (limestone)
stone, that at some • Slate
time was exposed to
subterranean heat
and pressure causing
the mineral
composition to melt
and reform

16. Igneous
Rock formed from • Examples:
volcanic activity. • Basalt (Bluestone)
Larva, molten • Granite
rock, and
conglomerates, particl
es of rock and
minerals fused
together.

24. Uses for stone
• Free standing walls • Feature placement
• Retainer walls • Sculpture
• Steps • Barrier
• Garden edging • Erosion control
• Paving • Letter boxes
• Paving inlay • BBQ
• Seating • Border
• Water features • Planter boxes

25. Construction method
Solid wall

26. Solid wall
• Built using a fixing agent
• Solid construction
• Reinforced Concrete foundations

33. Construction method
Dry stone wall

34. Dry stone wall
• Built without any fixing agents
• Uses gravity and the relationship of the
stones used to hold them in place.
• Semi flexible
• Foundation is solid ground or
compacted base material.

47. Construction method
Veneered

48. Veneered
To add a thin layer to the surface
of a structure

52. Construction style
Strata Wall

55. Construction style
Random wall

60. Uses
Features built out of stone