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The Rostow Model
time
level of development




time
level of development




                       The Traditional
                          Society

                                         time
level of development




                       The Traditional
                          Society

                                         time
level of development




                                         Pre-conditions
                                          for Take Off


                       The Traditional
                          Society

                                                          time
level of development




                                         Pre-conditions
                                          for Take Off


                       The Traditional
                          Society

                                                          time
level of development




                                                          Take Off


                                         Pre-conditions
                                          for Take Off


                       The Traditional
                          Society

                                                                     time
level of development




                                                          Take Off


                                         Pre-conditions
                                          for Take Off


                       The Traditional
                          Society

                                                                     time
level of development




                                                                     The Drive to
                                                                       Maturity


                                                          Take Off


                                         Pre-conditions
                                          for Take Off


                       The Traditional
                          Society

                                                                                    time
level of development




                                                                     The Drive to
                                                                       Maturity


                                                          Take Off


                                         Pre-conditions
                                          for Take Off


                       The Traditional
                          Society

                                                                                    time
level of development                                                                 High Mass
                                                                                    Consumption


                                                                     The Drive to
                                                                       Maturity


                                                          Take Off


                                         Pre-conditions
                                          for Take Off


                       The Traditional
                          Society

                                                                                           time
The Rostow Model - The Stages of Economic Growth




 Walt Whitman Rostow (1916- 2003)
The Rostow Model - The Stages of Economic Growth
                                    W. W. Rostow was American.




 Walt Whitman Rostow (1916- 2003)
The Rostow Model - The Stages of Economic Growth
                                    W. W. Rostow was American.

                                    He developed his model in 1960.




 Walt Whitman Rostow (1916- 2003)
The Rostow Model - The Stages of Economic Growth
                                    W. W. Rostow was American.

                                    He developed his model in 1960.

                                    It was based upon the study of 15 mainly European
                                    countries.



 Walt Whitman Rostow (1916- 2003)
The Rostow Model - The Stages of Economic Growth
                                    W. W. Rostow was American.

                                    He developed his model in 1960.

                                    It was based upon the study of 15 mainly European
                                    countries.

                                    He suggested that all countries had the potential to
                                    break the cycle of poverty and develop through 5 linear
 Walt Whitman Rostow (1916- 2003)
                                    stages.
The Rostow Model - Employment Structure
The Rostow Model - Employment Structure


     The Traditional
        Society

     Pre-conditions
      for Take Off


        Take Off


      The Drive to
        Maturity


       High Mass
      Consumption
The Rostow Model - Employment Structure
                       Primary Sector   Secondary Sector   Tertiary Sector


     The Traditional
        Society

     Pre-conditions
      for Take Off


        Take Off


      The Drive to
        Maturity


       High Mass
      Consumption
The Rostow Model - Employment Structure
                       Primary Sector   Secondary Sector   Tertiary Sector


     The Traditional
        Society         Vast Majority


     Pre-conditions
      for Take Off


        Take Off


      The Drive to
        Maturity


       High Mass
      Consumption
The Rostow Model - Employment Structure
                       Primary Sector   Secondary Sector   Tertiary Sector


     The Traditional
        Society         Vast Majority      Very Few


     Pre-conditions
      for Take Off


        Take Off


      The Drive to
        Maturity


       High Mass
      Consumption
The Rostow Model - Employment Structure
                       Primary Sector   Secondary Sector   Tertiary Sector


     The Traditional
        Society         Vast Majority      Very Few          Very Few


     Pre-conditions
      for Take Off


        Take Off


      The Drive to
        Maturity


       High Mass
      Consumption
The Rostow Model - Employment Structure
                       Primary Sector   Secondary Sector   Tertiary Sector


     The Traditional
        Society         Vast Majority      Very Few          Very Few


     Pre-conditions
      for Take Off      Vast Majority


        Take Off


      The Drive to
        Maturity


       High Mass
      Consumption
The Rostow Model - Employment Structure
                       Primary Sector   Secondary Sector   Tertiary Sector


     The Traditional
        Society         Vast Majority      Very Few          Very Few


     Pre-conditions
                        Vast Majority         Few
      for Take Off


        Take Off


      The Drive to
        Maturity


       High Mass
      Consumption
The Rostow Model - Employment Structure
                       Primary Sector   Secondary Sector   Tertiary Sector


     The Traditional
        Society         Vast Majority      Very Few          Very Few


     Pre-conditions
                        Vast Majority         Few            Very Few
      for Take Off


        Take Off


      The Drive to
        Maturity


       High Mass
      Consumption
The Rostow Model - Employment Structure
                       Primary Sector   Secondary Sector   Tertiary Sector


     The Traditional
        Society         Vast Majority      Very Few          Very Few


     Pre-conditions
                        Vast Majority         Few            Very Few
      for Take Off


        Take Off         Declining


      The Drive to
        Maturity


       High Mass
      Consumption
The Rostow Model - Employment Structure
                       Primary Sector   Secondary Sector   Tertiary Sector


     The Traditional
        Society         Vast Majority      Very Few          Very Few


     Pre-conditions
                        Vast Majority         Few            Very Few
      for Take Off


        Take Off         Declining       Rapid Growth


      The Drive to
        Maturity


       High Mass
      Consumption
The Rostow Model - Employment Structure
                       Primary Sector   Secondary Sector   Tertiary Sector


     The Traditional
        Society         Vast Majority      Very Few          Very Few


     Pre-conditions
                        Vast Majority         Few            Very Few
      for Take Off


        Take Off         Declining       Rapid Growth           Few


      The Drive to
        Maturity


       High Mass
      Consumption
The Rostow Model - Employment Structure
                       Primary Sector   Secondary Sector   Tertiary Sector


     The Traditional
        Society         Vast Majority      Very Few          Very Few


     Pre-conditions
                        Vast Majority         Few            Very Few
      for Take Off


        Take Off         Declining       Rapid Growth           Few


      The Drive to
                            Few
        Maturity


       High Mass
      Consumption
The Rostow Model - Employment Structure
                       Primary Sector   Secondary Sector   Tertiary Sector


     The Traditional
        Society         Vast Majority      Very Few          Very Few


     Pre-conditions
                        Vast Majority         Few            Very Few
      for Take Off


        Take Off         Declining       Rapid Growth           Few


      The Drive to
                            Few              Stable
        Maturity


       High Mass
      Consumption
The Rostow Model - Employment Structure
                       Primary Sector   Secondary Sector   Tertiary Sector


     The Traditional
        Society         Vast Majority      Very Few           Very Few


     Pre-conditions
                        Vast Majority         Few             Very Few
      for Take Off


        Take Off         Declining       Rapid Growth           Few


      The Drive to
                            Few              Stable        Growing Rapidly
        Maturity


       High Mass
      Consumption
The Rostow Model - Employment Structure
                       Primary Sector   Secondary Sector   Tertiary Sector


     The Traditional
        Society         Vast Majority      Very Few           Very Few


     Pre-conditions
                        Vast Majority         Few             Very Few
      for Take Off


        Take Off         Declining       Rapid Growth           Few


      The Drive to
                            Few              Stable        Growing Rapidly
        Maturity


       High Mass
                         Very Few
      Consumption
The Rostow Model - Employment Structure
                       Primary Sector   Secondary Sector   Tertiary Sector


     The Traditional
        Society         Vast Majority      Very Few           Very Few


     Pre-conditions
                        Vast Majority         Few             Very Few
      for Take Off


        Take Off         Declining       Rapid Growth           Few


      The Drive to
                            Few              Stable        Growing Rapidly
        Maturity


       High Mass
                         Very Few          Declining
      Consumption
The Rostow Model - Employment Structure
                       Primary Sector   Secondary Sector   Tertiary Sector


     The Traditional
        Society         Vast Majority      Very Few           Very Few


     Pre-conditions
                        Vast Majority         Few             Very Few
      for Take Off


        Take Off         Declining       Rapid Growth           Few


      The Drive to
                            Few              Stable        Growing Rapidly
        Maturity


       High Mass
                         Very Few          Declining        Vast Majority
      Consumption
The Traditional Society
The Traditional Society
A subsistence economy based on farming.
The Traditional Society
A subsistence economy based on farming.

Output is consumed by producers rather than traded. Trade is by barter
where goods are exchanged or 'swapped‘.
The Traditional Society
A subsistence economy based on farming.

Output is consumed by producers rather than traded. Trade is by barter
where goods are exchanged or 'swapped‘.

Agriculture is the most important industry and production is labour intensive,
using only limited quantities of capital.
The Traditional Society
A subsistence economy based on farming.

Output is consumed by producers rather than traded. Trade is by barter
where goods are exchanged or 'swapped‘.

Agriculture is the most important industry and production is labour intensive,
using only limited quantities of capital.

There is very limited technology or capital to process raw materials or develop
industries and services.
Pre-conditions for Take Off
Pre-conditions for Take Off
Surpluses for trading emerge supported by an emerging transport
infrastructure.
Pre-conditions for Take Off
Surpluses for trading emerge supported by an emerging transport
infrastructure.

Agriculture becomes more commercialized and mechanized with
technological improvements.
Pre-conditions for Take Off
Surpluses for trading emerge supported by an emerging transport
infrastructure.

Agriculture becomes more commercialized and mechanized with
technological improvements.

Levels of capital grow. Savings and investment grow. Entrepreneurs emerge.
Pre-conditions for Take Off
Surpluses for trading emerge supported by an emerging transport
infrastructure.

Agriculture becomes more commercialized and mechanized with
technological improvements.

Levels of capital grow. Savings and investment grow. Entrepreneurs emerge.

A single industry begins to dominate – often textiles.
Take Off
Take Off
Industrialization increases, with workers switching from the land to
manufacturing. This may cause large scale rural-urban migration.
Take Off
Industrialization increases, with workers switching from the land to
manufacturing. This may cause large scale rural-urban migration.

Growth is concentrated in a few regions of the country and in one or two
industries.
Take Off
Industrialization increases, with workers switching from the land to
manufacturing. This may cause large scale rural-urban migration.

Growth is concentrated in a few regions of the country and in one or two
industries.

New political and social institutions are evolving to support industrialization.
Take Off
Industrialization increases, with workers switching from the land to
manufacturing. This may cause large scale rural-urban migration.

Growth is concentrated in a few regions of the country and in one or two
industries.

New political and social institutions are evolving to support industrialization.

Airports, roads and railways are built. 
The Drive to Maturity
The Drive to Maturity
Growth is now diverse supported by technological innovation. It should be
self sustaining.
The Drive to Maturity
Growth is now diverse supported by technological innovation. It should be
self sustaining.

Economic development spreads to all parts.
The Drive to Maturity
Growth is now diverse supported by technological innovation. It should be
self sustaining.

Economic development spreads to all parts.

A more complex transport system develops.
The Drive to Maturity
Growth is now diverse supported by technological innovation. It should be
self sustaining.

Economic development spreads to all parts.

A more complex transport system develops.

Increase in number and types of industry.
The Drive to Maturity
Growth is now diverse supported by technological innovation. It should be
self sustaining.

Economic development spreads to all parts.

A more complex transport system develops.

Increase in number and types of industry.

Manufacturing expands as early industries decline.
High Mass Consumption
High Mass Consumption
Rapid expansion of tertiary industry.
High Mass Consumption
Rapid expansion of tertiary industry.

Industry shifts to production of durable consumer goods.
level of development                                                                 High Mass
                                                                                    Consumption


                                                                     The Drive to
                                                                       Maturity


                                                          Take Off


                                         Pre-conditions
                                          for Take Off


                       The Traditional
                          Society

                                                                                           time
level of development                                                                 High Mass
                                                                                    Consumption


                                                                     The Drive to
                                                                       Maturity


                                                          Take Off


                          UK      1750
                                         Pre-conditions
                          USA     1800
                         Japan    1880
                                          for Take Off


                       The Traditional
                          Society

                                                                                           time
level of development                                                                 High Mass
                                                                                    Consumption


                                                                     The Drive to
                                                                       Maturity


                                                          Take Off


                          UK      1750
                                         Pre-conditions
                          USA     1800
                         Japan    1880
                                          for Take Off


                       The Traditional
                          Society

                                                                                           time
level of development                                                                 High Mass
                                                                                    Consumption


                                                                     The Drive to
                                                                       Maturity


                                                          Take Off


                          UK      1750
                                         Pre-conditions
                          USA     1800
                         Japan    1880
                                          for Take Off


                       The Traditional
                          Society

                                                                                           time
level of development                                                                   High Mass
                                                                                      Consumption


                                                                       The Drive to
                                                                         Maturity

                                              UK     1820
                                             USA     1850   Take Off
                                             Japan   1900


                          UK      1750
                                         Pre-conditions
                          USA     1800
                         Japan    1880
                                          for Take Off


                       The Traditional
                          Society

                                                                                             time
level of development                                                                   High Mass
                                                                                      Consumption


                                                                       The Drive to
                                                                         Maturity

                                              UK     1820
                                             USA     1850   Take Off
                                             Japan   1900


                          UK      1750
                                         Pre-conditions
                          USA     1800
                         Japan    1880
                                          for Take Off


                       The Traditional
                          Society

                                                                                             time
level of development                                                                   High Mass
                                                                                      Consumption


                                                                       The Drive to
                                                                         Maturity

                                              UK     1820
                                             USA     1850   Take Off
                                             Japan   1900


                          UK      1750
                                         Pre-conditions
                          USA     1800
                         Japan    1880
                                          for Take Off


                       The Traditional
                          Society

                                                                                             time
level of development                                                                          High Mass
                                                                                             Consumption

                                                             UK        1850
                                                             USA       1920
                                                                              The Drive to
                                                            Japan      1930
                                                                                Maturity

                                              UK     1820
                                             USA     1850   Take Off
                                             Japan   1900


                          UK      1750
                                         Pre-conditions
                          USA     1800
                         Japan    1880
                                          for Take Off


                       The Traditional
                          Society

                                                                                                    time
level of development                                                                          High Mass
                                                                                             Consumption

                                                             UK        1850
                                                             USA       1920
                                                                              The Drive to
                                                            Japan      1930
                                                                                Maturity

                                              UK     1820
                                             USA     1850   Take Off
                                             Japan   1900


                          UK      1750
                                         Pre-conditions
                          USA     1800
                         Japan    1880
                                          for Take Off


                       The Traditional
                          Society

                                                                                                    time
level of development                                                                          High Mass
                                                                                             Consumption

                                                             UK        1850
                                                             USA       1920
                                                                              The Drive to
                                                            Japan      1930
                                                                                Maturity

                                              UK     1820
                                             USA     1850   Take Off
                                             Japan   1900


                          UK      1750
                                         Pre-conditions
                          USA     1800
                         Japan    1880
                                          for Take Off


                       The Traditional
                          Society

                                                                                                    time
level of development                                                                UK       1940
                                                                                                     High Mass
                                                                                    USA      1930
                                                                                   Japan     1950
                                                                                                    Consumption

                                                             UK        1850
                                                             USA       1920
                                                                              The Drive to
                                                            Japan      1930
                                                                                Maturity

                                              UK     1820
                                             USA     1850   Take Off
                                             Japan   1900


                          UK      1750
                                         Pre-conditions
                          USA     1800
                         Japan    1880
                                          for Take Off


                       The Traditional
                          Society

                                                                                                           time
level of development                                                                UK       1940
                                                                                                     High Mass
                                                                                    USA      1930
                                                                                   Japan     1950
                                                                                                    Consumption

                                                             UK        1850
                                                             USA       1920
                                                                              The Drive to
                                                            Japan      1930
                                                                                Maturity

                                              UK     1820
                                             USA     1850   Take Off
                                             Japan   1900


                          UK      1750
                                         Pre-conditions
                          USA     1800
                         Japan    1880
                                          for Take Off


                       The Traditional
                          Society

                                                                                                           time
level of development                                                                UK       1940
                                                                                                     High Mass
                                                                                    USA      1930
                                                                                   Japan     1950
                                                                                                    Consumption

                                                             UK        1850
                                                             USA       1920
                                                                              The Drive to
                                                            Japan      1930
                                                                                Maturity

                                              UK     1820
                                             USA     1850   Take Off
                                             Japan   1900


                          UK      1750
                                         Pre-conditions
                          USA     1800
                         Japan    1880
                                          for Take Off


                       The Traditional
                          Society

                                                                                                           time
The Rostow Model - Criticisms
The Rostow Model - Criticisms
The model is outdated (produced in 1960) and oversimplified.
The Rostow Model - Criticisms
The model is outdated (produced in 1960) and oversimplified.

The model assumes that all countries start at the same level and with the
same resources, population, climate etc.
The Rostow Model - Criticisms
The model is outdated (produced in 1960) and oversimplified.

The model assumes that all countries start at the same level and with the
same resources, population, climate etc.

While capital is needed to advance beyond ‘the traditional society’ - often this
capital arrives in the form of a injection of development aid. Debt repayments
can delay and even prevent a country from reaching ‘take off’.
The Rostow Model - Criticisms
The model is outdated (produced in 1960) and oversimplified.

The model assumes that all countries start at the same level and with the
same resources, population, climate etc.

While capital is needed to advance beyond ‘the traditional society’ - often this
capital arrives in the form of a injection of development aid. Debt repayments
can delay and even prevent a country from reaching ‘take off’.

The model underestimates the extent to which the development of some
countries in the past was at the expense of others through colonization and
imperialism.
IB Geography: Development: Rostow Model

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IB Geography: Development: Rostow Model

  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 6. level of development The Traditional Society time
  • 7. level of development The Traditional Society time
  • 8. level of development Pre-conditions for Take Off The Traditional Society time
  • 9. level of development Pre-conditions for Take Off The Traditional Society time
  • 10. level of development Take Off Pre-conditions for Take Off The Traditional Society time
  • 11. level of development Take Off Pre-conditions for Take Off The Traditional Society time
  • 12. level of development The Drive to Maturity Take Off Pre-conditions for Take Off The Traditional Society time
  • 13. level of development The Drive to Maturity Take Off Pre-conditions for Take Off The Traditional Society time
  • 14. level of development High Mass Consumption The Drive to Maturity Take Off Pre-conditions for Take Off The Traditional Society time
  • 15. The Rostow Model - The Stages of Economic Growth Walt Whitman Rostow (1916- 2003)
  • 16. The Rostow Model - The Stages of Economic Growth W. W. Rostow was American. Walt Whitman Rostow (1916- 2003)
  • 17. The Rostow Model - The Stages of Economic Growth W. W. Rostow was American. He developed his model in 1960. Walt Whitman Rostow (1916- 2003)
  • 18. The Rostow Model - The Stages of Economic Growth W. W. Rostow was American. He developed his model in 1960. It was based upon the study of 15 mainly European countries. Walt Whitman Rostow (1916- 2003)
  • 19. The Rostow Model - The Stages of Economic Growth W. W. Rostow was American. He developed his model in 1960. It was based upon the study of 15 mainly European countries. He suggested that all countries had the potential to break the cycle of poverty and develop through 5 linear Walt Whitman Rostow (1916- 2003) stages.
  • 20. The Rostow Model - Employment Structure
  • 21. The Rostow Model - Employment Structure The Traditional Society Pre-conditions for Take Off Take Off The Drive to Maturity High Mass Consumption
  • 22. The Rostow Model - Employment Structure Primary Sector Secondary Sector Tertiary Sector The Traditional Society Pre-conditions for Take Off Take Off The Drive to Maturity High Mass Consumption
  • 23. The Rostow Model - Employment Structure Primary Sector Secondary Sector Tertiary Sector The Traditional Society Vast Majority Pre-conditions for Take Off Take Off The Drive to Maturity High Mass Consumption
  • 24. The Rostow Model - Employment Structure Primary Sector Secondary Sector Tertiary Sector The Traditional Society Vast Majority Very Few Pre-conditions for Take Off Take Off The Drive to Maturity High Mass Consumption
  • 25. The Rostow Model - Employment Structure Primary Sector Secondary Sector Tertiary Sector The Traditional Society Vast Majority Very Few Very Few Pre-conditions for Take Off Take Off The Drive to Maturity High Mass Consumption
  • 26. The Rostow Model - Employment Structure Primary Sector Secondary Sector Tertiary Sector The Traditional Society Vast Majority Very Few Very Few Pre-conditions for Take Off Vast Majority Take Off The Drive to Maturity High Mass Consumption
  • 27. The Rostow Model - Employment Structure Primary Sector Secondary Sector Tertiary Sector The Traditional Society Vast Majority Very Few Very Few Pre-conditions Vast Majority Few for Take Off Take Off The Drive to Maturity High Mass Consumption
  • 28. The Rostow Model - Employment Structure Primary Sector Secondary Sector Tertiary Sector The Traditional Society Vast Majority Very Few Very Few Pre-conditions Vast Majority Few Very Few for Take Off Take Off The Drive to Maturity High Mass Consumption
  • 29. The Rostow Model - Employment Structure Primary Sector Secondary Sector Tertiary Sector The Traditional Society Vast Majority Very Few Very Few Pre-conditions Vast Majority Few Very Few for Take Off Take Off Declining The Drive to Maturity High Mass Consumption
  • 30. The Rostow Model - Employment Structure Primary Sector Secondary Sector Tertiary Sector The Traditional Society Vast Majority Very Few Very Few Pre-conditions Vast Majority Few Very Few for Take Off Take Off Declining Rapid Growth The Drive to Maturity High Mass Consumption
  • 31. The Rostow Model - Employment Structure Primary Sector Secondary Sector Tertiary Sector The Traditional Society Vast Majority Very Few Very Few Pre-conditions Vast Majority Few Very Few for Take Off Take Off Declining Rapid Growth Few The Drive to Maturity High Mass Consumption
  • 32. The Rostow Model - Employment Structure Primary Sector Secondary Sector Tertiary Sector The Traditional Society Vast Majority Very Few Very Few Pre-conditions Vast Majority Few Very Few for Take Off Take Off Declining Rapid Growth Few The Drive to Few Maturity High Mass Consumption
  • 33. The Rostow Model - Employment Structure Primary Sector Secondary Sector Tertiary Sector The Traditional Society Vast Majority Very Few Very Few Pre-conditions Vast Majority Few Very Few for Take Off Take Off Declining Rapid Growth Few The Drive to Few Stable Maturity High Mass Consumption
  • 34. The Rostow Model - Employment Structure Primary Sector Secondary Sector Tertiary Sector The Traditional Society Vast Majority Very Few Very Few Pre-conditions Vast Majority Few Very Few for Take Off Take Off Declining Rapid Growth Few The Drive to Few Stable Growing Rapidly Maturity High Mass Consumption
  • 35. The Rostow Model - Employment Structure Primary Sector Secondary Sector Tertiary Sector The Traditional Society Vast Majority Very Few Very Few Pre-conditions Vast Majority Few Very Few for Take Off Take Off Declining Rapid Growth Few The Drive to Few Stable Growing Rapidly Maturity High Mass Very Few Consumption
  • 36. The Rostow Model - Employment Structure Primary Sector Secondary Sector Tertiary Sector The Traditional Society Vast Majority Very Few Very Few Pre-conditions Vast Majority Few Very Few for Take Off Take Off Declining Rapid Growth Few The Drive to Few Stable Growing Rapidly Maturity High Mass Very Few Declining Consumption
  • 37. The Rostow Model - Employment Structure Primary Sector Secondary Sector Tertiary Sector The Traditional Society Vast Majority Very Few Very Few Pre-conditions Vast Majority Few Very Few for Take Off Take Off Declining Rapid Growth Few The Drive to Few Stable Growing Rapidly Maturity High Mass Very Few Declining Vast Majority Consumption
  • 39. The Traditional Society A subsistence economy based on farming.
  • 40. The Traditional Society A subsistence economy based on farming. Output is consumed by producers rather than traded. Trade is by barter where goods are exchanged or 'swapped‘.
  • 41. The Traditional Society A subsistence economy based on farming. Output is consumed by producers rather than traded. Trade is by barter where goods are exchanged or 'swapped‘. Agriculture is the most important industry and production is labour intensive, using only limited quantities of capital.
  • 42. The Traditional Society A subsistence economy based on farming. Output is consumed by producers rather than traded. Trade is by barter where goods are exchanged or 'swapped‘. Agriculture is the most important industry and production is labour intensive, using only limited quantities of capital. There is very limited technology or capital to process raw materials or develop industries and services.
  • 44. Pre-conditions for Take Off Surpluses for trading emerge supported by an emerging transport infrastructure.
  • 45. Pre-conditions for Take Off Surpluses for trading emerge supported by an emerging transport infrastructure. Agriculture becomes more commercialized and mechanized with technological improvements.
  • 46. Pre-conditions for Take Off Surpluses for trading emerge supported by an emerging transport infrastructure. Agriculture becomes more commercialized and mechanized with technological improvements. Levels of capital grow. Savings and investment grow. Entrepreneurs emerge.
  • 47. Pre-conditions for Take Off Surpluses for trading emerge supported by an emerging transport infrastructure. Agriculture becomes more commercialized and mechanized with technological improvements. Levels of capital grow. Savings and investment grow. Entrepreneurs emerge. A single industry begins to dominate – often textiles.
  • 49. Take Off Industrialization increases, with workers switching from the land to manufacturing. This may cause large scale rural-urban migration.
  • 50. Take Off Industrialization increases, with workers switching from the land to manufacturing. This may cause large scale rural-urban migration. Growth is concentrated in a few regions of the country and in one or two industries.
  • 51. Take Off Industrialization increases, with workers switching from the land to manufacturing. This may cause large scale rural-urban migration. Growth is concentrated in a few regions of the country and in one or two industries. New political and social institutions are evolving to support industrialization.
  • 52. Take Off Industrialization increases, with workers switching from the land to manufacturing. This may cause large scale rural-urban migration. Growth is concentrated in a few regions of the country and in one or two industries. New political and social institutions are evolving to support industrialization. Airports, roads and railways are built. 
  • 53. The Drive to Maturity
  • 54. The Drive to Maturity Growth is now diverse supported by technological innovation. It should be self sustaining.
  • 55. The Drive to Maturity Growth is now diverse supported by technological innovation. It should be self sustaining. Economic development spreads to all parts.
  • 56. The Drive to Maturity Growth is now diverse supported by technological innovation. It should be self sustaining. Economic development spreads to all parts. A more complex transport system develops.
  • 57. The Drive to Maturity Growth is now diverse supported by technological innovation. It should be self sustaining. Economic development spreads to all parts. A more complex transport system develops. Increase in number and types of industry.
  • 58. The Drive to Maturity Growth is now diverse supported by technological innovation. It should be self sustaining. Economic development spreads to all parts. A more complex transport system develops. Increase in number and types of industry. Manufacturing expands as early industries decline.
  • 60. High Mass Consumption Rapid expansion of tertiary industry.
  • 61. High Mass Consumption Rapid expansion of tertiary industry. Industry shifts to production of durable consumer goods.
  • 62. level of development High Mass Consumption The Drive to Maturity Take Off Pre-conditions for Take Off The Traditional Society time
  • 63. level of development High Mass Consumption The Drive to Maturity Take Off UK 1750 Pre-conditions USA 1800 Japan 1880 for Take Off The Traditional Society time
  • 64. level of development High Mass Consumption The Drive to Maturity Take Off UK 1750 Pre-conditions USA 1800 Japan 1880 for Take Off The Traditional Society time
  • 65. level of development High Mass Consumption The Drive to Maturity Take Off UK 1750 Pre-conditions USA 1800 Japan 1880 for Take Off The Traditional Society time
  • 66. level of development High Mass Consumption The Drive to Maturity UK 1820 USA 1850 Take Off Japan 1900 UK 1750 Pre-conditions USA 1800 Japan 1880 for Take Off The Traditional Society time
  • 67. level of development High Mass Consumption The Drive to Maturity UK 1820 USA 1850 Take Off Japan 1900 UK 1750 Pre-conditions USA 1800 Japan 1880 for Take Off The Traditional Society time
  • 68. level of development High Mass Consumption The Drive to Maturity UK 1820 USA 1850 Take Off Japan 1900 UK 1750 Pre-conditions USA 1800 Japan 1880 for Take Off The Traditional Society time
  • 69. level of development High Mass Consumption UK 1850 USA 1920 The Drive to Japan 1930 Maturity UK 1820 USA 1850 Take Off Japan 1900 UK 1750 Pre-conditions USA 1800 Japan 1880 for Take Off The Traditional Society time
  • 70. level of development High Mass Consumption UK 1850 USA 1920 The Drive to Japan 1930 Maturity UK 1820 USA 1850 Take Off Japan 1900 UK 1750 Pre-conditions USA 1800 Japan 1880 for Take Off The Traditional Society time
  • 71. level of development High Mass Consumption UK 1850 USA 1920 The Drive to Japan 1930 Maturity UK 1820 USA 1850 Take Off Japan 1900 UK 1750 Pre-conditions USA 1800 Japan 1880 for Take Off The Traditional Society time
  • 72. level of development UK 1940 High Mass USA 1930 Japan 1950 Consumption UK 1850 USA 1920 The Drive to Japan 1930 Maturity UK 1820 USA 1850 Take Off Japan 1900 UK 1750 Pre-conditions USA 1800 Japan 1880 for Take Off The Traditional Society time
  • 73. level of development UK 1940 High Mass USA 1930 Japan 1950 Consumption UK 1850 USA 1920 The Drive to Japan 1930 Maturity UK 1820 USA 1850 Take Off Japan 1900 UK 1750 Pre-conditions USA 1800 Japan 1880 for Take Off The Traditional Society time
  • 74. level of development UK 1940 High Mass USA 1930 Japan 1950 Consumption UK 1850 USA 1920 The Drive to Japan 1930 Maturity UK 1820 USA 1850 Take Off Japan 1900 UK 1750 Pre-conditions USA 1800 Japan 1880 for Take Off The Traditional Society time
  • 75. The Rostow Model - Criticisms
  • 76. The Rostow Model - Criticisms The model is outdated (produced in 1960) and oversimplified.
  • 77. The Rostow Model - Criticisms The model is outdated (produced in 1960) and oversimplified. The model assumes that all countries start at the same level and with the same resources, population, climate etc.
  • 78. The Rostow Model - Criticisms The model is outdated (produced in 1960) and oversimplified. The model assumes that all countries start at the same level and with the same resources, population, climate etc. While capital is needed to advance beyond ‘the traditional society’ - often this capital arrives in the form of a injection of development aid. Debt repayments can delay and even prevent a country from reaching ‘take off’.
  • 79. The Rostow Model - Criticisms The model is outdated (produced in 1960) and oversimplified. The model assumes that all countries start at the same level and with the same resources, population, climate etc. While capital is needed to advance beyond ‘the traditional society’ - often this capital arrives in the form of a injection of development aid. Debt repayments can delay and even prevent a country from reaching ‘take off’. The model underestimates the extent to which the development of some countries in the past was at the expense of others through colonization and imperialism.