1. US History – CHEE
Lecture - the Civil War:
America’s Second Revolution, 1861-1865
2. The Nation Disintegrates
• The Forces Driving Secession
• Southerners Consider Secession
• The North Assesses the Price of Peace
• The Civil War Begins
3. 1860 – election of Abraham Lincoln
o 40% of the popular
votes
o Majority of electoral
votes (but without a
single southern
electoral vote)
4. 1860 – election of Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln - 40% of the
popular votes
Douglas – 30% of
popular votes
oLincoln – 180 Electoral
votes, but no southern
electoral vote
oDouglas – 12
oBreckenridge - 72
oBegins the Second
American Revolution or
the Civil War
6. Lincoln on North/South Tensions
“You think slavery is
right and ought to be
extended;
while we think it is
wrong and ought to
be restricted.
That I suppose is the
rub.”
Lincoln to Congressman Alexander
H. Stephens (later to become VP
of the Confederacy)
7. The Process of Secession
December 20, 1860 –
SC secedes
February 9, 1861–
7 states establish the
Confederate States
of America
8. Jefferson Davis as
Confederate President
o Grew up as a wealthy cotton
planter & slave owner
o Graduated from West Point
o fought in the Mexican
American war
o served in the US senate,
o served as Secretary of War.
9. Border States – example of Maryland
A desperate Lincoln
o Jailed secessionists
o Arrested state legislators
o Limited freedom of the press
o Suspended the right of habeas
corpus – protects citizens
against arbitrary arrest &
detention (wanted to detain and
try their cases in military court)
10. A southern newspaper warned…
“The contest for slavery will no longer be
one between the North and the South.
It will be in the South between people of
the South.”
The newspaper was expressing Southern slave owner fears of slave
uprisings and southern yeomen developing potential alliances
with the Republicans
11. Fort Sumter, SC –
Southerners Open Fire
April 12, 1861
Civil War Starts
Secessionist spectators
watching
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zzeLoa1gwCU&list=PLA8CC511DE0CB8715&index=8&feature=plpp_video
12. The War for the Union & Against Slavery
o Comparing Military Resources
o African Americans Open the Door to Freedom
o The “Peculiar Institution” Begins to Unravel
o Union Officials Consider Emancipation
13. Economies of the North
& South, 1860
Population
North – 22 million
South – 14 million
5 mil (whites)
14. The Stampede From Bull Run, Northern Virginia, July 21, 1861
Confederate troops pushing
back Union troops
Disorganized, ill-prepared,
unprofessional armies
15. Border States that Did not Secede
o Missouri,
o Kentucky,
o Maryland
o Delaware
16. “Contrabands” in Cumberland Landing, Virginia
General Benjamin Butler started giving runaway slaves sanctuary
Endorsed by Lincoln
17. Caught in the Middle
Harper’s Weekly May 1862 – the Southern captain “insisted upon their loading
a cannon within range of Union sharpshooters… succeeded in forcing the
Negroes to expose themselves, and they were shot…”
18. The “Peculiar Institution” Begins to Unravel
Military argument for Emancipation
o Led by Radical Republicans
o Promoted Black enlistment in the Union Army
o Impressment – Slaves as contrabands that would be
enlisted into the Union army
o Union officers saw the “horror of slavery” as they
went into the south
20. Lincoln on the Union & Slavery
“If I could save the Union
without freeing any slave, I
would do it; and if I could save
it by freeing all the slaves, I
would do it; and if I could do
it by freeing some and leaving
others alone, I would also do
that. What I do about Slavery
and the colored race, I do
because I believe it helps to
save this Union.”
Abraham Lincoln
21. Northern Victory in Antietam
Bloodiest single day during the civil war:
20K died instantly, 3K more later of wounds
22. January 1, 1863
slaves in rebellion areas were “forever free” and invited
them to enlist in the Union Army
450K in loyal border states – EXEMPT!
275K slave in Union-occupied Tennessee,
Tens of thousands in Louisiana & Virginia – Union occupied
Louisiana & Virginia
Proclamation changed the nature of the war and became a
symbolic call for freedom!
Emancipation Proclamation
23. Writing the Emancipation Proclamation: A Pro-South View
Baltimore pro-South Democrat Adalbert Johann Volck made these sketches in 1861-3.
Lincoln
surrounded by
symbols of
Satan, John
Brown & Slave
rebellions
24. The Cold Realities of War
o Soldiers’ Lives Ailing in Body and Soul
o hunger, insufficient supplies, barefoot soldiers often,
freezing, sick from poor sanitation, disease, lice, diarrhea,
fever…
o first conscription in the U.S. bred resentment
o Union Army -
o Union army – 20% foreigners
o African Americans – 200K in the Union Army – 1865, 10% of
the military, 134K+ escaped slaves from the South, 37K died
for the Union.
o Confederate Army fared worse
o inadequate transportation - primitive roads, railroad system,
o threat of black soldiers who’d join the southern army
o confederate desertion @50% in 1864
25. Cavalry Charge at Fairfax Court House, May 31, 1861
Romantic & very inaccurate pictures of the war, Harper’s Weekly - 1861
