1. Prepared by:- Ankita Gupta

2.  What is Genealogy
 Need of Genealogy
 Genealogical research
 Genetic analysis
 Essential stuffs for genealogy
 Genogram
 Records needed for genealogy
 Start of making genealogy
 Genealogy software

3. Genealogy is the study of family history and
descent. Genealogies, or the recorded histories of
the descent of a person or family from their
ancestors, are also often referred to as family
trees or sometimes as lineages or pedigrees.
“Genealogy truly is a journey of many lifetimes
woven together from the past, the present and
(from our perspective) the future”

4. Genealogists use oral
traditions, historical
records, genetic
analysis, and other
records to obtain
information about a
family and to
demonstrate
pedigrees of its
members. The results
are often displayed in
charts or written as
narratives.

5.  At its root, genealogy satisfies
basic human curiosity. These
needs can be summed up in
three fundamental questions:
• The Past – Where do I come
from?
• The Present – Why am I
here?
• The Future – What is going to
happen to me?

6. • Validate Family Stories – To determine if family
stories about their ancestors are true.
• Famous People – To find out if they are related
to someone famous.
• Historical Event – To gain a better understanding
of an ancestor’s involvement in a famous
historical event.
• Proof of Paternity – To determine the biological
father of a child.

7. • Trace Medical Conditions –To assess the risk
of getting certain medical conditions that run
in families.
• Trace a Family Inheritance –To determine
genealogical proof of a family connection for
potential heirs.
• Find Birth Parents – To determine the birth
parents of an adopted child. Alternatively, to
find children given up for adoption.

8. Community History – To document a community
history by understanding the families that founded
and influenced the community.
Historic Studies – To provide insight into history
through the scholarly study of a famous family,
such as a royal family.
Heritage Societies –To provide proof of lineage to
quality for a heritage society.
Preserving Family Traditions – To preserve
knowledge of ancestors who contributed to family
traditions, such as a family recipe book.

9. • Preserve Family
Culture – To allow
families that have
migrated to another
country the opportunity
to preserve some of the
culture of their old
country.
• Reconnect with Family
– To find and reconnect
with living relatives.

10.  Genealogical research is
a difficult procedure that
uses historical records
and sometimes genetic
analysis to validate
relationship. Reliable
conclusions are based
on the quality of
sources, ideally original
records and information
within those sources.

11.  Genealogical research starts with
collecting family documents and
stories. Genealogical research begins
with the present and go backward in
time, this creates a foundation for
documentary research. Historical,
social, and family context is essential
to achieving correct identification of
individuals and relationships

12. DNA is passed from
one generation to
other generation and
carried the unchanged
information and with
the help of genetic
analysis we can
identify the kinship
ties of the ancestors.

13. Three DNA types are of
particular interest:
.Mitochondrial DNA that we all
possess and that is passed down
with only minor mutations
through the matrilineal (direct
female) line; Y-chromosome
present only in males, which is
passed down with only minor
mutations through the patrilineal
(direct male) line.

14. Autosomal DNA which is found in the 22 non-
gender specific chromosomes (autosomes)
inherited from both parents, which can uncover
relatives from any branch of the family.
A genealogical DNA test allows two individuals to
find the probability that they are, or are not,
related within an estimated number of
generations. Individual genetic test results are
collected in databases to match people
descended from a relatively recent common
ancestor

15.  Before you begin your research you will need two
things.
Pedigree chart: a chart identifying your ancestry.
This is what people think of when they hear the
words “Family Tree.” This chart only displays your
direct ancestors. There is no room for siblings,
multiple marriages, etc. The typical pedigree chart
will show between four and five generations,
however you can easily purchase a chart with up to
15 generations.

17. Family Group Sheet: a chart containing genealogical
information about a single family unit – husband, wife,
and children. This is where you include the basic
information about each family member, including
dates and places of birth, marriage and death. These
sheets are essential! They serve as a simple means
of recording data, while making it easy to see at a
glance what information is known and what is
missing, and they serve as a means of easily
exchanging information with other researchers.

19.  genogram to represent your family tree. A
genogram is a graphical representation of a
family with a set of simple rules and images.
Genograms include basic information about
the number of marriages, number of children
in each marriage, birth order, age and death.
Some genograms also include relationships
between individuals and information on
disorders running in a family such as
alcoholism, depression and diseases.

21.  Vital records are records of life events kept under
governmental authority, including birth certificates,
marriage licenses, and death certificates.
 Adoption records are documents that are both public
and non-public in nature that provide information
about an adoption, and include and original sealed
birth certificate, the court documents that relate to
the processing and finalization of the adoption.

22. • Census records is used mostly in
connection with national population and
housing censuses; other common
censuses include agriculture, business,
and traffic censuses.

23.  Criminal record is a record of a person's
criminal history, generally used by
potential employers, lenders etc. to
assess his or her trustworthiness

25. • Civil records is the system by which a
government records the vital events of its
citizens and prepare the population registry
• Emigration and immigration records is the
act of permanently leaving one's country or
region to settle in another.
• Naturalization is the acquisition of citizenship
and nationality by somebody who was not a
citizen of that country at the time of birth.

27. • Land and property records is any subset of
land that has been legally defined and the
improvements to it made by human efforts: any
buildings, machinery, wells, dams, ponds, mines,
canals, roads, etc.
• Medical records are used to describe the
systematic documentation of a single patient's
medical history and care across time within one
particular health care provider's jurisdiction

29. It contain very precious genealogical information.
They provide not only vital information on your
ancestor but also physical information. These
records contain personal data that cannot be found
in any other source, such as:
• Height, Size of the chest, Color and form of hair,
face, nose, and chin, Eye color, Skin color,
Condition of the teeth, Birthmarks

30. • In addition, you will be able to find the following vital
information:
• Draftee’s full name
• His parents’ names
• His place of birth
• His profession
• His education (whether he was able to read and
write or not)
• Ability to perform military services
• Date the service began

32. An individual's occupation may give insight
into their social status or to their place of
origin. Occupations can also be used to
distinguish between two individuals of the
same name. Certain skilled occupations or
trades may have been passed down from
father to son, providing indirect evidence of
a family relationship.

33. These official records can often be a valuable
source of information for genealogists. If
nothing else, voter registration records
provide an address where your ancestor was
living during the gaps between census
records, but you may also find naturalization
information, voting records, or your
ancestor's signature.

35. These documents are extremely valuable to
genealogists and should not be neglected. In many
instances, they are the only known source of relevant
information such as the decedent’s date of death,
names of his or her spouse, children, parents,
siblings, in-laws, neighbors, associates, relatives, and
their places of residence.

36.  The basic objectives of genealogical research are to identify
ancestors and their family relationships. At a basic level you
will identify and record the following for each individual in
 your family tree:
 - Date and place of birth
 - Names of parents
 - Date and place of marriage
 - Names of children
 - Date and place of death

37.  Name of children is based on the parents names.
 Patronymics are names that identify an individual
based on the father's name.
 Children may sometimes assume stepparent,
foster parent, or adoptive parent names. Because
official records may reflect many kinds of
surname change, without explaining the
underlying reason for the change, the correct
identification of a person recorded identified with
more than one name is challenging.

38. The transmission of names across generations,
marriages and other relationships, and
immigration may cause trouble in genealogical
research. For instance, women in many cultures
have routinely used their spouse's surnames.
When a woman remarried, she may have
changed her name and the names of her
children; only her name; or changed no names.

39. Date and place of marriage is a very important
information for genealogical research.
In many cases for green card people married with the
citizen of the other country and get divorce after
some period of time.
One other case to find the easy marriage certificate
people do the marriage in different locality instead of
there native place.

41.  While the places of ancestors' residences and
lifespan are core elements of the genealogist's
hunt, they can often be puzzling. Place names may
be subject to different spellings by partially literate
transcribers. Locations may have identical or very
similar names.

42.  Dates are more problematic to recollection years
after events, and are more easily mistranscribed
than other types of genealogical records.
 People sometimes reduce their age on marriage,
and those under "full age" may increase their age
in order to marry or to join the armed forces.
Census returns are notoriously untrustworthy for
ages or for assuming an estimated death date.

48.  genealogy software collects the date and place of an
individual's birth, marriage, and death, and stores
the relationships of individuals to their parents,
spouses, and children.

49. Other tools available to
the genealogist include
• Research management
tools,
• mapping tools
• charting programs
• web-publishing
programs.