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Noise Pollution
Noise Pollution
Definition
• “Noise is define as any undesirable human or
machine created noise which disturbs the activity or
balance of human or animal life”.
Terminology used in noise pollution
• Frequency: Frequency is the no of cycles
repeated in unit time duration. Its unit is
cycle/sec or Hz ( 1 Hz= 1 Cycle /sec)
• Intensity: Amount of sound energy received /
sec is known as intensity of sound. Its Unit is
decibel ( dB).
• Decibel: Decibel is define as the logarithm to
the base 10 to ratio of two intensities
Lt=10 log 10 (I/I0) dB
Where, I= Measured Intensity
I0= Reference Intensity
Lt= Level of noise in dB
What is Noise?
• In simple terms, noise is unwanted sound. Sound is a form
of energy which is emitted by a vibrating body and on
reaching the ear causes the sensation of hearing through
nerves.
• Sounds produced by all vibrating bodies are not audible.
The frequency limits of audibility are from 20 HZ to
20,000 HZ.
• A noise problem generally consists of three inter-related
elements- the source, the receiver and the transmission
path. This transmission path is usually the atmosphere
through which the sound is propagated, but can include
the structural materials of any building containing the
receiver
The Sound of Human Speech is mainly in the range of 300 to 3000 Hz
Mechanism of Hearing
Ear Drum
Middle Ear Fluid
Auditory Nerves
Brain
Ear
Mechanism of Hearing
Mechanism of Hearing
Mechanism of Hearing
• The Science of Human hearing and sound is called human
acoustics. Sound waves set vibration in the ear drum which is
made up of membrane In the upper ear. The vibration in the Ear
drum induces movement of three small soft bones in the middle ear
behind the ear drum.
• The movement of the soft bones pass through viscous fluid in the
inner ear creating oscillation of Fluid. These oscillation then
reaches the auditory nerves and finally transmitted to the brain.
• The oscillation or sound are identified and interpreted in the brain,
which has capacity to analyze sound into different frequency.
• Human detectable frequency range is 20 to 20000 Hz.
• Sensitivity of the Ear varies from person to person, with aging
hearing power decreases. The ear is susceptible to damage if it
receives high intensity noise.
Measurement of Noise ( Sound)
• The Intensity of Sound is measured in terms of
Sound pressure Level and common unit is decibel
• Decibel (dB) = 10 log 10 (I/I0)
• Thus dB measures how much intense is the
sound as compared to reference intensity
• The Sound pressure level ( SPL) in dB is Def n as
• SPL= 20 log 10 (P/P0)
• Where,
• P= Measured pressure
• Po= reference pressure ( 2 x 10 -5 N/m2)
• Noise Level in Decibel is measured with an
instrument called sound level meter. It consists of
3 internationally accepted weighing network
• The weighing networks are electronic filter
circuits build into the meter to weaken certain
frequency. They permit the sound level meter to
respond more to some frequency than to others
with prejudice something like human ears
• There are 3 weighing scales
• A weighing scale- Severely filters the frequency
• B weighing scale- Moderately filters the
frequency
• C weighing Scale- Hardly filters frequency
A weighing Scale (dB A)
• The sensitivity of human ears depends on the
frequency or pitch of the sound. We hear some
frequency better than others. e.g. If a person hears two
sounds of same sound pressure but different intensity
one sound may appear louder than the other. This
happens when we hear high frequency much better
than lower frequency noise.
• An A-weighing filter, adjusts the measured sound level
to correspond to this peculiarity of human hearing. It
filter out low frequency or pitches.
Measurement of Noise ( Sound)
Sources Of Noise
Major Sources of Noise:
Traffic Noise: Automobile revolution
in urban areas are proved to be a
big source of noise pollution.
Increase in traffic has given rise to
traffic jams, where the repeated
hooting of horns by drivers create
noise pollution. Air crafts creates
serious problems in big cities like
Mumbai & Delhi
• Heavy truck, buses, trains,
motorcycles, jeeps, other vehicles
are responsible for traffic noise.
Industrial And Construction
Machinery Noise:-
• Factory equipments, generators, drills,
road rollers, and similar machinery
also make lot of noise.
• Public address System:- Public
system contribute in its own ways
towards noise pollution by using loud
speakers for religious functions, birth,
marriage, election for commercial
advertising
• Household:- The household activities
will contribute for indoor noise
pollution domestic gadgets like
pressure cookers, A.C, Vacuum
cleaners, mixers, washing machines
are major source of noise at house
hold level. Entertainment equipments
like radio, music system, T.V. Will
contribute toward noise pollution
Defense Exercises:- Tanks, launching of rockets,
explosion, military exercises, aero planes,
shooting ranges are adding toward noise
pollution.
Typical noise levels of some point
sources
Effects of Noise pollution
• Noise can do Physiological and or /
Psychological damage if the volume
is high or if exposure is prolonged.
• Common effects of Noise pollution
are:
• Hearing Loss: Loud noise damages
fine hair cell in the ear. The
vibration of these hair cells is
responsible for hearing of Sound by
us, Since our body cannot replace
damaged hair cells. Permanent
Hearing loss is caused by long term
exposure to loud noise.
Annoyance: It creates
annoyance to the
receptor due to sound
level fluctuations
Physiological effects:
• The Physiological effects
like breathing difficulty,
rise in blood pressure,
migraine, headaches,
constriction of blood
vessels and even heart
attacks.
.
Effects of Noise pollution
Human performance: The working of humans
will be affected as they will lose their
concentration
Nervous System: It causes pain ringing in ears,
feeling of tiredness, thereby effecting
functioning of human system
Sleeplessness: It affects the sleeping thereby
inducing the people to become restless and
loose concentration and presence of mind
during their activities.
Effects on animals
• Noise can cause serious damage to wild
life. Ways in which animals are adversely
affected by noise pollution includes.
• Hearing loss
• Masking: Masking is the inability to hear
important environmental clues and
animal signals
• Physiological effects: such as increase in
heart rate, respiratory difficulties and
stress.
• Behavioral effects:-Which could result in
abandonment of territory and loss of
ability to reproduce.
• Ecological effects: It leads to migration of
birds which disturbs the ecosystem
Effects on plants
• The production capacity or growth of plant is
affected due to high level noise.
Damage to material:
The building and material may get damage by
exposure to infrasonic/ ultrasonic waves and
even get collapsed.
Control of Noise Pollution
• Noise is not only a nuisance but a
serious environmental problem and
a health hazard. Like all other
pollution, noise pollution is needed
to be controlled.
• Noise pollution can be effectively
controlled by taking following
measures.
Control of Noise Pollution
Control at receivers end
 For people working in noisy areas ear protection aids like
ear plugs, muffs, noise helmets, head phones etc should be
provided it reduces occupational exposure.
Controlling at source
This is only possible if working method is improved.
Design new machines to replace noisy ones. Proper
lubrication and better, maintenance of machines. Installing
noisy machines with sound absorbing materials. Using
Silencer to control noise from automobiles etc.
Zoning
 Increased distance between source and receiver by zoning of
noisy industrial areas like bus stand and railway stations
away from silence zones near residential areas, educational
institutions and hospitals.
Sound Insulation
 A) Sound insulations can be done by constructing windows
with more than one panes of glass and filling the gap with
sound absorbing material.
 B) Acoustical tiles, perforated plywood can be fixed on wall,
ceilings, floors to reduce noise.
Control of Noise Pollution
Control of Noise Pollution
Planting of Trees
 Planting of trees and shrubs along roads, hospitals,
educational institutions help in noise reduction to a
considerable extent.
Legislative measures
 Strict legislative measures need to be enforced to control
the nuisance of noise pollution some of the measures are
A) Minimum use of loud speakers, near silence zones.
B) Banning Pressure horns in automobiles
C) Framing a separate noise pollution act.
Planting of Trees
Sound level for human response
Damage risk criteria for hearing loss
(OSHA regulations)
OSHA- Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Indian Standards for ambient noise
levels
Noise Pollution Standards
Noise Pollution

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Noise Pollution

  • 2. Noise Pollution Definition • “Noise is define as any undesirable human or machine created noise which disturbs the activity or balance of human or animal life”.
  • 3. Terminology used in noise pollution • Frequency: Frequency is the no of cycles repeated in unit time duration. Its unit is cycle/sec or Hz ( 1 Hz= 1 Cycle /sec) • Intensity: Amount of sound energy received / sec is known as intensity of sound. Its Unit is decibel ( dB).
  • 4. • Decibel: Decibel is define as the logarithm to the base 10 to ratio of two intensities Lt=10 log 10 (I/I0) dB Where, I= Measured Intensity I0= Reference Intensity Lt= Level of noise in dB
  • 5. What is Noise? • In simple terms, noise is unwanted sound. Sound is a form of energy which is emitted by a vibrating body and on reaching the ear causes the sensation of hearing through nerves. • Sounds produced by all vibrating bodies are not audible. The frequency limits of audibility are from 20 HZ to 20,000 HZ. • A noise problem generally consists of three inter-related elements- the source, the receiver and the transmission path. This transmission path is usually the atmosphere through which the sound is propagated, but can include the structural materials of any building containing the receiver
  • 6. The Sound of Human Speech is mainly in the range of 300 to 3000 Hz
  • 7. Mechanism of Hearing Ear Drum Middle Ear Fluid Auditory Nerves Brain Ear
  • 10. Mechanism of Hearing • The Science of Human hearing and sound is called human acoustics. Sound waves set vibration in the ear drum which is made up of membrane In the upper ear. The vibration in the Ear drum induces movement of three small soft bones in the middle ear behind the ear drum. • The movement of the soft bones pass through viscous fluid in the inner ear creating oscillation of Fluid. These oscillation then reaches the auditory nerves and finally transmitted to the brain. • The oscillation or sound are identified and interpreted in the brain, which has capacity to analyze sound into different frequency. • Human detectable frequency range is 20 to 20000 Hz. • Sensitivity of the Ear varies from person to person, with aging hearing power decreases. The ear is susceptible to damage if it receives high intensity noise.
  • 11. Measurement of Noise ( Sound) • The Intensity of Sound is measured in terms of Sound pressure Level and common unit is decibel • Decibel (dB) = 10 log 10 (I/I0) • Thus dB measures how much intense is the sound as compared to reference intensity • The Sound pressure level ( SPL) in dB is Def n as • SPL= 20 log 10 (P/P0) • Where, • P= Measured pressure • Po= reference pressure ( 2 x 10 -5 N/m2)
  • 12. • Noise Level in Decibel is measured with an instrument called sound level meter. It consists of 3 internationally accepted weighing network • The weighing networks are electronic filter circuits build into the meter to weaken certain frequency. They permit the sound level meter to respond more to some frequency than to others with prejudice something like human ears • There are 3 weighing scales • A weighing scale- Severely filters the frequency • B weighing scale- Moderately filters the frequency • C weighing Scale- Hardly filters frequency
  • 13. A weighing Scale (dB A) • The sensitivity of human ears depends on the frequency or pitch of the sound. We hear some frequency better than others. e.g. If a person hears two sounds of same sound pressure but different intensity one sound may appear louder than the other. This happens when we hear high frequency much better than lower frequency noise. • An A-weighing filter, adjusts the measured sound level to correspond to this peculiarity of human hearing. It filter out low frequency or pitches.
  • 15. Sources Of Noise Major Sources of Noise: Traffic Noise: Automobile revolution in urban areas are proved to be a big source of noise pollution. Increase in traffic has given rise to traffic jams, where the repeated hooting of horns by drivers create noise pollution. Air crafts creates serious problems in big cities like Mumbai & Delhi • Heavy truck, buses, trains, motorcycles, jeeps, other vehicles are responsible for traffic noise.
  • 16. Industrial And Construction Machinery Noise:- • Factory equipments, generators, drills, road rollers, and similar machinery also make lot of noise. • Public address System:- Public system contribute in its own ways towards noise pollution by using loud speakers for religious functions, birth, marriage, election for commercial advertising • Household:- The household activities will contribute for indoor noise pollution domestic gadgets like pressure cookers, A.C, Vacuum cleaners, mixers, washing machines are major source of noise at house hold level. Entertainment equipments like radio, music system, T.V. Will contribute toward noise pollution
  • 17. Defense Exercises:- Tanks, launching of rockets, explosion, military exercises, aero planes, shooting ranges are adding toward noise pollution.
  • 18. Typical noise levels of some point sources
  • 19. Effects of Noise pollution • Noise can do Physiological and or / Psychological damage if the volume is high or if exposure is prolonged. • Common effects of Noise pollution are: • Hearing Loss: Loud noise damages fine hair cell in the ear. The vibration of these hair cells is responsible for hearing of Sound by us, Since our body cannot replace damaged hair cells. Permanent Hearing loss is caused by long term exposure to loud noise.
  • 20. Annoyance: It creates annoyance to the receptor due to sound level fluctuations Physiological effects: • The Physiological effects like breathing difficulty, rise in blood pressure, migraine, headaches, constriction of blood vessels and even heart attacks. .
  • 21. Effects of Noise pollution Human performance: The working of humans will be affected as they will lose their concentration Nervous System: It causes pain ringing in ears, feeling of tiredness, thereby effecting functioning of human system
  • 22. Sleeplessness: It affects the sleeping thereby inducing the people to become restless and loose concentration and presence of mind during their activities.
  • 23. Effects on animals • Noise can cause serious damage to wild life. Ways in which animals are adversely affected by noise pollution includes. • Hearing loss • Masking: Masking is the inability to hear important environmental clues and animal signals • Physiological effects: such as increase in heart rate, respiratory difficulties and stress. • Behavioral effects:-Which could result in abandonment of territory and loss of ability to reproduce. • Ecological effects: It leads to migration of birds which disturbs the ecosystem
  • 24. Effects on plants • The production capacity or growth of plant is affected due to high level noise. Damage to material: The building and material may get damage by exposure to infrasonic/ ultrasonic waves and even get collapsed.
  • 25. Control of Noise Pollution • Noise is not only a nuisance but a serious environmental problem and a health hazard. Like all other pollution, noise pollution is needed to be controlled. • Noise pollution can be effectively controlled by taking following measures.
  • 26. Control of Noise Pollution Control at receivers end  For people working in noisy areas ear protection aids like ear plugs, muffs, noise helmets, head phones etc should be provided it reduces occupational exposure. Controlling at source This is only possible if working method is improved. Design new machines to replace noisy ones. Proper lubrication and better, maintenance of machines. Installing noisy machines with sound absorbing materials. Using Silencer to control noise from automobiles etc.
  • 27. Zoning  Increased distance between source and receiver by zoning of noisy industrial areas like bus stand and railway stations away from silence zones near residential areas, educational institutions and hospitals. Sound Insulation  A) Sound insulations can be done by constructing windows with more than one panes of glass and filling the gap with sound absorbing material.  B) Acoustical tiles, perforated plywood can be fixed on wall, ceilings, floors to reduce noise.
  • 28. Control of Noise Pollution
  • 29. Control of Noise Pollution Planting of Trees  Planting of trees and shrubs along roads, hospitals, educational institutions help in noise reduction to a considerable extent. Legislative measures  Strict legislative measures need to be enforced to control the nuisance of noise pollution some of the measures are A) Minimum use of loud speakers, near silence zones. B) Banning Pressure horns in automobiles C) Framing a separate noise pollution act.
  • 31. Sound level for human response
  • 32. Damage risk criteria for hearing loss (OSHA regulations) OSHA- Occupational Safety and Health Administration
  • 33. Indian Standards for ambient noise levels