Internet of Things Research at Auto-ID Lab KAIST

1. The Three Musketeers, IoT, Cloud, and
Big Data: One for All, and All for One
김대영
Daeyoung Kim
Jan. 24, 2014
교수
Director
카이스트 전산학과
Auto-ID Labs, KAIST
http://resl.kaist.ac.kr http://www.autoidlabs.org kimd@kaist.ac.kr

2. 발표 내용
•
Internet of Things 의 정의 및 시장 예측
•
Expecting New Big Players
•
Internet of Things in Practice
•
ID(Identification) to Big data services
•
KAIST AUTO-ID LABS RESEARCH ACTIVITIES
2

3. INTERNET 은 INTERNET OF THINGS 시대로 진화중
IOT 의 정의 (1/2)
In 1999, the Internet of Things" was first
coined by Kevin Ashton who cofounded
the Auto-ID Center at the MIT
Business Processes
and Applications
Software and Network
Hardware
3

4. INTERNET 은 INTERNET OF THINGS 시대로 진화중
IOT 의 정의 (2/2)
No concrete consensus! What they commonly say is that “the Internet embraces
everyday objects and lets them available anywhere, anytime.”
People or systems are able to access real-world through the Internet.
4

5. IF IOT IS REALIZED?
•
Internet상의 상태와 실세계의 상태가 일치
•
실시간으로 실세계의 다양한 상황 정보를 정확하고 세밀하게 제공
4인 3T,
소근소근
휴업
테이블 4, 조용
8인 2T, 조용
4인 3T, 시끄러움
2인 4T
4인 2T
Full, 조용,
몬순 커피
4인 2T
2인2T
Full, 시끄러움
검색: “어은동 카페”
5

6. EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES HYPE CYCLE
2013
6

7. IOT 에 관한 통계 및 시장규모 예측
IDC forecasts 15 billion devices by the year 2015"
ABI Research’s study, “Wireless Sensor Networks,” analyzes
IEEE 802.15.4 and which standards, such as ZigBee, Wireless
HART, and ISA100.11a, will influence and drive the market, as
well as emerging technology and competitive solutions such as
Z-Wave, 6LoWPAN, Bluetooth Smart, and Low Power Wi-Fi.
850 Million IEEE 802.15.4 Chipsets to
Ship in 2016, Despite Strong
Competition from Bluetooth
7

8. 사물(THINGS)의 범위 (NO LIMITATION)
수동형 사물
액티브 태그형 사물
무선센서형 사물
스마트가전형 사물
지식데이터 사물
스마트형 사물
8

9. INTERNET OF THINGS 비전 / ARCHITECTURE
One for All, and All for One
Big Data
Analysis
Home Surveillance
M2M networking of
Home Devices
Thing
Information
Internet Browsing
Human
Information
Social Network
Service for IoT
Cloud
Computing
Cloud Computing
Contextaware
Services
User log, Business
activity logs, etc.
Social Network Service
Internet contents,
SNS, etc.
Everyday objects
Multimedia (video,
audio), etc.
Future IT Eco-System
Internet
of Things
Entertainment
(Multimedia & Game)
Augmented Reality
Internet of Things
9

10. EXPECTING NEW PLAYERS
10

11. INTERNET OF THINGS IN PRACTICE
Internet of Things는 새로운 분야이기
때문에 모든 기술과 제품을 새로 만들어
야 하나요?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wVOQc5rImqE&feature=share
11

12. SMART ACCESSARIES (I)
Eye-Fi
Nemoto
Dice+
Necomimi
12

13. SMART ACCESSARIES (II)
Instabeat
Smart Sock
Golfsense
Scanadu Scout
13

14. INTERNET OF THINGS IN PRACTICE
Internet of Things
어떤 기술(전략)이 필요할까요?
14

15. ID(IDENTIFICATION) TO BIG DATA SERVICES
ID & 네트워크
시스템
소프트웨어
• IDENTIFICATION
• Small&Cheap H/W
• RFID/NFC/WSN/CR
• Operating Systems
• Visual Sensor Networks
• Smart Objects/Middleware
• Future Internet
• Web of Things
• Tracking Technology
플랫폼
• Distributed File Systems and
Database
• IoT Platform
서비스
• Eco System
• IOT Services
• Cloud Computing
• Big Data
• Open APIs
15

16. ID(IDENTIFICATION) 체계 (1/2)
Heterogeneity
How to name all of them?
Ambiguity
How to reach a single instance?
Outnumbered?
Global access!
16

17. ID(IDENTIFICATION) 체계 (2/2)
•
다양한 현재의 ID 체계
•
•
•
•
Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): http://myflowerpot.iot.kr/temperature
Universally Unique Identifier (UUID): 550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000
Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.1000/182
Global Trade Item Number (GTIN): urn:epc:id:sgtin:0614141.112345.400
• IDENFITICATION SYSTEM for the Internet of Things?
ID on the WEB
ID is registered to Identity provider
and is used with associated party
17

18. OPERATING SYSTEMS/SDK FOR SMART
RESOURCE CONSTRAINED THINGS
Tiny footprint
Consumer goods
OS for IoT
•
•
Mid-level
Consumer electronics
Mini
OS
Consumer
OS
Enterprise
Enterprise
OS
소비자 가전, 서버시스템은 Linux를 중심으로 표준화 되는 추세
적은 메모리, 낮은 수행능력을 가진 소형 Smart Things를 위한 운영체제
및 개발환경 필요 가능성 있음 / FreeRTOS, uCOS-II등 기존 OS
18

19. INTERNET OF THINGS를 위한 네트워크 기술
(FUTURE INTERNET 포함)
•
IoT 에서 IPv6의 필요성
• 사물의 주소 역할
• 충분한 주소 공간, Plug &
Play, Mobile IPv6, IPSec ,
QoS
•
이 기종 네트워크 통합
• 이 기종 네트워크 간의
Seamless한 통신을 위해
네트워크 통합 방법 필요
• 표준화 된 IPv6 를 이용하
여 이 기종 네트워크 통합
가능성
[ IP기반의 유무선 IOT 통합 네트워크 (글로벌 액세스) ]
19

20. “MIDDLEWARE”
SOFTWARE FOR
THE INTERNET OF THINGS
•
a software platform defined as middleware, fundamentally providing
abstraction to applications from the things, and offering multiple services
[인용] Role of middleware for internet of things: A study
S Bandyopadhyay, M Sengupta, S Maiti, S Dutta - airccse.org
20

21. CLOUD COMPUTING FOR THE INTERNET OF
THINGS
•
IoT에서는 사물이 생성하는 데이터를 저장하고 사물을 위한
computation power, 플랫폼, 그리고 소프트웨어 서비스 제공
•
IoT + Cloud 융합 시도- Pachube
• 전 세계의 센서 데이터를 수집하는 웹 기반 온라인 데이터베이스 서비스
• 사물, 디바이스, 빌딩 등으로부터의 에너지 및 환경 데이터를 수집
(1) 실시간 데이터 그래프를 생성 (2) Historical한 데이터를 가공하거나
(3) 사용자에게 alert을 전송하는 기능
21

22. IOT GENERATES BIG DATA
•
Big Data의 효율적 저장/관리/처리를
위하여 Massive infrastructure 가 필요
“Machine-generated sensor data will be
become a far larger portion of the Big Data
world, according to a recent report by
IDC. The research report, “The Digital
Universe in 2020,” published in December,
traces data trends from 2005-20. One of its
forecasts is that machine-generated
data will increase to 42 percent of
all data by 2020, up from 11
percent in 2005.”
Everyday objects in the Internet of Things
22

23. WEB OF THINGS
A Web of Things Application Architecture, Dominique Guinard
23

24. IOT-BASED COMPANIES:
OPEN API + CLOUD + CHEAP HARDWARE + APPS
Xively Cloud Services™
The world’s first IoT Public Cloud
24

25. 유럽 동향 : EU-FP7 & IERC
(IOT EUROPEAN RESEARCH CLUSTER)
Ideas
Coordination and Support Action
for Global RFID-related Activities
and Standardisation.
Cooper
ation
People
Universal Integration of the Internet of Things through an IPv6based Service Oriented Architecture enabling heterogeneous
components interoperability.
Capaci
ties
Internet of Things at Work.
Internet of Things Architecture.
Internet of Things Initiative.
Internet Connected Objects for
Reconfigurable Ecosystems.
Euratom
JRC
Internet of Things Environment
for Service Creation and Testing.
ETC.
25

26. IOT 관련 표준화 단체
IPv6 over Low power
WPAN (6lowpan)
NFC(Near Field
Communication)
standards
ETSI TC M2M Architecture
for ICT
3GPP MTC (MachineType Communication)
Internet Protocol (IP) for Smart Object
communications standards
M2M Service Layer standards
Information and
communications technology
(ICT) standards
IoT
RFID(Radio Frequency
Identification) standards
ZigBee(IEEE 802.15.4)
standards
Electronical Tech.
standards
communication protocols
and interoperable systems
standards
IP(Internet protocol)
standard
BOSS(Business Operation
Support System) standards
Telecommunication standards
26

27. INTERNET OF THINGS AT KAIST
Internet of Things 연구 소개
27

28. GS1 DIGITAL – ID ON THE WEB
(AUTO-ID LABS)
28

29. GS1 DIGITAL – ID ON THE WEB
29

30. IP-WSN IN THE INTERNET OF THINGS
Entertainment & Social Net. Service
User Experience with IoT Service
•
The IP-WSN technologies breathe
life into the things by enabling IP
connectivity between humans and
things as well as between things
themselves.
•
Device Browsing & Mashup
6LoWPAN technology is one of such
upcoming networking technologies
which enable IP connectivity over
resource-limited, low-power, and lowrate networks.
Big Data Analysis
Internet of Things
SNAIL Node (6LN)
IEEE 802.15.4
Btle
SNAIL Node (6LN)
IEEE 802.15.4
Btle
SNAIL Node (6LN)
SNAIL Border Router (6LBR)
SNAIL Node (6LN)
30

31. OPEN STANDARD FOR IP-BASED WSN
•
Standardization Activities for IP-based Wireless Sensor Networks
• IETF 6LoWPAN WG : IPv6 over Low power WPAN
• IETF ROLL WG: Routing Over Low power and Lossy networks
• IETF CoRE WG: Constrained RESTful Environments
Formed to adapt IPv6 technology over
IEEE802.15.4 networks
- RFC 4944: “Transmission of IPv6 Packets over
IEEE 802.15.4 networks”
- RFC 4919:
“6LoWPANs: Overview, Assumptions,
Problem Statement, and Goals”
- RFC 6282:
“Compression Format for IPv6
Datagrams over IEEE 802.15.4-Based Networks”
Formed to define IP layer routing protocol
independent of layer 2
- RFC 5867: “building Automation Routing
Requirements in Low-Power and Lossy Networks”
“Home Automation Routing
- RFC 5826:
Requirements in Lower-Power and Lossy Networks”
- RFC 5678:
“Industrial Routing Requirements in
Low-Power and Lossy Networks”
- RFC 6206: “The Trickle Algorithm”
- RFC 5548:
“Routing Requirements for Urban
Low-Power and Lossy Networks”
Formed to realize the REST architecture in
a suitable form for the most constrained
nodes and networks
- draft-ietf-core-coap-07: “Constrained
Application Protocol (CoAP)”
- draft-ietf-core-block-04:
“Blockwise
transfers in CoAP”
- draft-ietf-core-link-format-07:
“CoRE Link
Format”
31

32. SNAIL (SENSOR NETWORK FOR AN ALL-IP WORLD)
SINCE 2007
•
Supported Protocols
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Interoperability between IPv4/v6 domains and the IEEE 802.15.4
Lightweight IPv6, ICMPv6, MIPv6, NEMO, UDP, TCP, SSL
Dual-Mode gateway and SNAIL Adaptor
HTML5, Web browsing (HTTP/TCP)
Mesh routing in adaptation layer, RPL, Hierarchical Addressing
Fast and Seamless Mobility management, Global Time Synchronization, Security
Web Browsing architecture, Pretty Cloud Service
32

33. MULTI-GW BASED LOAD BALANCING
SCHEME
High portion of traffic is focused on a few Gateways
Internet
Internet
Gateway bottleneck
GW
1
GW
InternetFairly distributed traffic load
GW
1
GW
3
GW
2
GW
3
GW
2
Multi-Gateway Network w/ load balancing
Multi-Gateway Network w/o load balancing
Single Gateway Network
•
Imbalanced Data Traffic
without load balancing
MLEq virtually model 3D-terrain with reflecting traffic load, hop distance from Gateway, link quality,
and capacity.
•
All the node (gateways and routers) dynamically and in distributed way update their virtual height level (VL).
Level: 2
5
Level: 1
6
5
Lower Traffic load
6
Internet
Balanced Traffic load
0
0
4
Internet
Higher Traffic load
0
GW2
GW1
GW1
GW2
2
3
Level: 0
3
1
3
5
2
4
2
0
2
2
3
3
GW
MR
1
2
3
3
Number: VL
4
4
2
4
3
3
Gateways
4
5
5
3
4
GW1's Service domain
3
2
2
2
3
3
1
2
2
1
0
1
2
2
2
1
1
2
GW2's Service domain
6
GW1's Service domain
GW2's Service domain
Routers
(6LRs)
Intersection
Node
Intersection
area
Previous
Intersection area
33

34. MULTI-GW BASED LOAD BALANCING
SCHEME
•
Performance Evaluation (compared with RPL) – ns-2 Simulation
34

35. MOBILITY MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL
•
MARIO includes movement detection, handoff management, and
location management schemes.
0
Timeline
Poll Req.
Time t 0
Data Req.
Poll confirm
POLL
Interval
Poll Req.
Time t 1
# of Poll Req.
Fail : 1
# of Poll Req.
Fail : 2
Retransmissions
Data Req.
# of Poll Req.
Fail : 3
Retransmissions
Data Req.
{
NET
MAC
Total 12 da ta requests
are transmitted to
detect MN＇s movement
MN
Movement Detection
MAC
MR
Success
Fail
LUReq
② Each MR
calculates τslot
Distance
MRA<->MRB=1
MRB<->MRC=1
MRC<->MRD=1
MRD<->MRE=1
MRC<->MRE=2
MRD
IMR3
MR2
Movement Detection
Poll fail
MR1
MN
{
Poll fail
Poll Req.
Movement Detection
RSSI from MN
MR2 > MR3 > MR1 > MR4
Strong < - > Weak
Reachability Test
Forwarding Pointer
MR1
MR4
Calculated Time to send realignment command
{
Poll fail
Poll Req.
Trajectory of MN
τslot MR2 MR3
ACK
Data Req.
Retransmissions
Time t 2
MacResponseWaitTime
Nslot
MN
MRA
① Send Orphan
notification
Candidate MRs
③ Each MR sends
={MR1, MR2, MR3, MR4}
realignment command
MR3
in its own τslot
MR4
④ The MN performs
handoff to the MR
which sent realignment
Signal Strength
command first.
Handoff Management
MRB
MN
Initial K=0
MRC
MRE
IMR2
IMR1
AMR
MN
IMR4
MN
MPFS success MPFS success
K=1
K=2
MN
MPFS success
K=4
Location Management
35

36. WEB-BASED VISUALIZATION
•
Smart devices and consumer electronics are equipped with web/CoAP servers that can
response directly to requests from the Internet
•
Presentation Cloud provides rich web contents to support those embedded web servers
•
Sensing data and Actuation commands/results are retrieved directly from web browser and
display on top of rich web interface, either in numbers or in graphs
Web-based Interface
Rich Web interface for userfriendly Visualization
Device
Control
Internet
Power
Consumption
information
Consumer Electronics
Pricing
information
Presentation Cloud which
stores rich web interface
Smart Metering Devices
36

37. SNAIL ARCHITECTURE FOR IPV6 CONNECTION
37

38. [DEMO]
IOT INTERACTION WITH SMART DEVICES
38

39. COGNITIVE RADIO & SDR
•
Slow Hopping MAC (SH-MAC) protocol
• A coordinator-based architecture
• Improved aggregate throughput by concurrent medium access
System model
Evaluation Result (without PU)
Operation of SH-MAC
Evaluation Result (with PU)
39

40. COGNITIVE RADIO & SDR
•
SH-MAC implementation in high-performance CR/SDR platform
• SH-MAC demonstration in CR/SDR platform which aims to achieve
• Improved computing power by using embedded multi-processors
• Improved data bandwidth between baseband processor and front end H/W
by using USB 3.0 to Gigabit serial I/F
Block diagram of CR/SDR platform
Protocols
PU
GNU radio
Ubuntu
ARM
Cortex-A15
MCs
RF front-end/ IF processor
base-band processor
SH-MAC demo scenario in CR/SDR platform
SUC
PU
SH-MAC basic functions test
SU
SU
40

41. GROCERIES TRACE FRAMEWORK
•
Goal
• To develop a cloud-based RFID framework for smart fridges.
RFID framework over
Cloud infra.
Third-party
apps
Browsing my fridge
41

42. GROCERIES TRACE FRAMEWORK:
ARCHITECTURE OVERVIEW
Data
flow
Pointer
(e.g., URL)
BizApp.
EPCIS Query
control interface
Tag Data Standard
(TDS)
EPCIS (v1.0.1)
ALE v1.1.1
implementation
(F&C middleware)
LLRP
LLRP
ALE
Capture
interface
D-EPCIS (Distribution
EPCIS)
M-EPCIS
(Manufacturer EPCIS)
Cassa
ndra
Capturing
Apps.
Core Business
Vocabulary (CBV)
Discovery Service
D-EPCIS
Capture
interface
Tag Data
Translation (TDT)
ONS (v2.0.1)
EPCIS Query
callback interface
Other
EPCISs
ALE
LLRP v1.1
Other F&C
Middleware
LLRP
FridgeApp +RFID Readers
Interface
Outside of
Cloud infra
Inside of
Cloud Infra
42

43. EPC NETWORK ON THE CLOUD
RFID reader
EPCN
Admin
F&C (ALE)
external 2 cloud
(incoming)
src ip addr, src port
dst private ip, dst port
cloud 2 external
dst ip addr, dst port
src private ip, src port
5. configure CapApp to receive EC
reports from F&C
2. configure
LRspec
F&C
F&C
A
A
F&C
RFID reader
RFID reader
(flow mapping)
RFID reader
(DDNS for cl
oud infra)
Accessing
App
7. V* dispatches tag data to the
corresponding EPC components
according to flow mapping
CapApp
CapApp
CapApp
6. subscribe (EC report)
EPCIS
EPCIS
A
A
EPCIS
Datastore
EPCDS
EPCDS
A
A
EPCDS
Datastore
43

44. PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT
RESULTS (SELECTED)
•
EPCIS with Cassandra Datastore
•
Improved response time with Cassandra (3-5 times faster)
Contents
EPCIS event capture
performance comparison
(Cassandra vs MySQL)
EPCIS event query
performance comparison
(Cassandra vs MySQL)
44

45. THE CURRENT SMART THING INFORMATION SERVICES
(STIS) IN IOT6 – EPC SENSOR NETWORK
Accessing App.
DS Query
interface
DS Query
interface
ONS
Geo-distance discovery service (ElasticSearch)
STIS Query callback
interface
STIS Query
control interface
(e.g., Manufacturer)
Filtering and collection (F&C)
middleware
CoAP/
JSON(oBix)
CoAP/
JSON(oBix)
ALE
ALE
Other STISs
Other F&C
Middleware
LLRP
Pointer
(e.g., URL)
oBix device 6LoWPAN Mobile phone
Capture
interface
STIS
Capturing
Apps.
Capture
interface
Cass
andra
EPC
standard
CoAP/JSON(
oBIX)
45

46. SCALABLE STIS ARCHITECTURE FOR
THE CLOUD OF THINGS
Document-based NoSQL DB
for Geo-distance and text
search, analytics, etc.
For time-series data with
frequent insertion
Domain-specific applications
Geo-distance
Discovery
Services
Smart Things Information Service
(static and dynamic information)
Actuation Interface
Object orchestration and organization management
ALE
LLRP
RFID Reader
(e.g., passive
tags)
LLRP
Sensor Interface
Oracle Spatial
and Graph
Graph database organization
relationship management
Sensor Interface
Sensor F&C&CEP
middleware
Actuation interface
Object
Sensor Interface
Wireless ID and
Sensor networks
(e.g., active tags)
Sensor Interface
Actuation Interface
Sensor Network
Actuator Networks
(e.g., smartphone
phone)
(e.g., consumer
electronics, appliance)
Federated Systems
RFID Filter & Collection
Middleware
Object
Decentralized Systems
ONS
Relational DB for structed
MasterData
Sensor & Actuator Networks
46

47. IOT MASHUP AS A SERVICE CLOUD
•
IoT Mashup as a Service Cloud
• 사물 매쉬업 서비스 모델을 기반으로 런타임 IOT 서비스 생성을 지원하는 클라우드 기반 플랫폼
• 사물 매쉬업 서비스 모델: 사물, 소프트웨어, 컴퓨팅 리소스의 조합으로 이루어진 서비스 모델로서
엔드 유저가 런타임에 세 가지 요소를 선택하여 커스터마이징이 가능함
• 엔드 유저, 매쉬업 서비스 디자이너, 클라우드 제공자, 소프트웨어 개발자, 사물 소유자 등으로 이
루어진 에코시스템
Low
Traffic
Computation
Resource
Selection
Thing
Selection
Processing
Logic
Selection
47

48. IOT MASHUP AS A SERVICE CLOUD
•
IoT Mashup as a Service Cloud (Lightweight Cloud on Smartphones, IoT App.)
48

49. IOT SNS PLATFORM
•
Lilliput – IOT SNS
•
•
•
•
IoT를 위한 소셜 네트워킹 플랫폼
Smart Thing Middleware + Online Social Network
유연한 그래프 구조를 통해 실 세계의 정보와 소셜 정보를 함께 제공
온라인 소셜 네트워크와 스마트 디바이스를 다루는 부담을 경감시키고 응용 개발자에게 추상화된
API를 제공하는 미들웨어
• Social 관계에 기반한 Access Control 기능
IoT Social Networks
User
Researcher
Application Developer
Internet of Things
Online Social Networks
49

50. IOT SNS PLATFORM
•
Lilliput – IOT SNS
• Sorcerer’s Book – IoT SNS Application, Lilliput API를 이용한 응용 서비스
Application
Application
Application
Lilliput APIs
x Unacceptable Request
Acceptable Request
Security Manager
Lilliput Architecture
Graph Utilization Manager
Querying
Reasoning
Manager
Manager
Modification
Manager
Rules
IoT-Social Graph Manager
Smart Thing
Service Manager
Entity Manager
Query Engine
IoT
Social Model
Sorcerer’s Book
Access Controller
IoT
Soci al Graph
Relationship Manager
Sync. Manager
Reasoning Engine
Two Space Reflection Manager
Chg. Notif. Manager
Lilliput Reflection Manager
Graph Builder
Element Extractor
Thing Service
Invoker
OSN Publisher
Notification
Receiver
External Components
Web Service Interface
Real world context
Metadata, etc
Service Invocation
e.g. Air-conditioning
IoT Platforms
Personal profiles
social relations hips, etc
Pub lish in g message
Upd ating relationships
Online Social Networks
Smart Thing
Lilliput Architecture
50

51. 비주얼 빅데이터의 분석을 통한 인간의 시각을 뛰어넘는 인지능력 확보
VISUAL SENSOR NETWORKS - SEAHAVEN
51

52. SEAHAVEN
52

53. IOT 테스트베드 AT KAIST
DNS
Port: 53
1. Lookup IP address of EPCIS (DNS Protocol)
Object Naming Service (ONS)
2002:8ff8:6a87::8ff8:6a87
On-Demand
Service Usage
Beam Projector
Windows
Mobile 7
iPhone
Powerful Server
I
o
T
Client
Object Naming Service (ONS)
Accessing
Application
Port: 80
IPv6
Network
ALE Administrator
Laptop
6to4
Tunneling
Composited Service
(Service Specification)
F&C Port:
8081
/ALEService
/ALELRService
CoAP Client
EPC Information Service(EPCIS)
2002:8ff8:6a89::8ff8:6a89
Capturing
Application
Port: 10300
ALE report
subscription
EPC Information Service(EPCIS)
Filtering and Collection (F&C)
Filtering and Collection (F&C)
2002:8ff8:6a6c::8ff8:6a6c
CoAP
LLRP poll
2001:220:806:20::1
LLRP Port:
5084
SNAIL Gateway
RFID Reader FX7400
2001:220:806:22::1
143.248.106.220
PRETTY Cloud Servers
Sensor Nodes
RFID Tagged
Devices
Seahaven
53

54. IOT CAN MAKE IT HAPPEN
54

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