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Eco 202 ch 31 money growth and inflation
- 1. Chapter 31 ! Money Growth and Inflation
- 3. 12.95 August 2012 15.25 April 2014 17.8% increase
- 5. Year General Index Food and non - alcoholic beverages Tobacco Clothing and Footwear Housing , Water, Electricity, Gas, and other fuels Furnishings, household equipment & Routine household maintenance Health Transport Communi- cation Recreation and Culture Education Restaurants and Hotels Miscellaneou s goods and services 2007 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 2008 106.1 113.7 105.1 101.0 108.5 103.2 103.2 97.0 98.1 97.7 110.3 103.2 101.6 2009 110.5 116.4 107.3 101.6 120.1 105.6 103.2 98.2 98.2 99.2 111.8 110.0 104.9 2010 114.7 120.8 119.2 101.1 129.2 107.0 103.3 99.7 97.7 97.2 113.2 113.8 110.1 2011 119.0 127.1 126.7 99.7 143.9 115.5 103.4 103.1 92.0 104.7 108.7 117.0 113.9 2012 122.4 132.9 141.3 103.3 148.7 117.5 105.6 108.3 92.1 104.5 110.2 121.7 117.8 % Chg 2.9% 4.6% 11.5% 3.6% 3.3% 1.7% 2.1% 5.0% 0.1% -0.2% 1.4% 4.0% 3.4%
- 6. Inflation COUNTRY RATE Saudi Arabia 2.8% United States 1.1% Venezuela 57.3% Japan 1.5% Egypt 9.8% Russia 6.2% Spain -0.2% UAE 1.8% Greece -1.1% Iran 28.8% Syria 49.5% Source:Trading Economics April 2014
- 7. Inflation Source:Trading Economics April 2014 -15% 0% 15% 30% 45% 60% Saudi Arabia United States Venezuela Japan Egypt Russia Spain UAE Greece Iran Syria
- 8. What determines the value of money? supply and demand
- 9. David Hume 1711-1776 ! ! dichotomy “split in two” ! nominal vs. real
- 10. measured in monetary units Nominal variable
- 11. measured in physical units Real variable
- 14. Quantity Theory of Money M x V = P x Y M = Money V =Velocity P = Prices Y = Output
- 15. Quantity Theory of Money MV = PY AssumeV is constant then an increase in M will only increase P orY
- 16. Quantity Theory of Money MV = PY Increasing M will either increase prices or output or both
- 17. Quantity Theory of Money 1. V is constant 2. Change M will change P xY 3. Y is a function of capital 4. If M is increased then P is increased 5. Therefore increasing M will increase inflation
- 19. Inflation Tax When government prints too much money is becomes less valuable. Anyone who has money has lost value
- 20. Real vs. Nominal Real Interest Rate = Nominal Rate + Inflation Rate ! R = N + I
- 21. Real vs. Nominal Real = Nominal - Inflation ! Nominal = Real + Inflation ! Inflation = Nominal - Real !
- 22. Indexing Adjusting nominal rate for inflation
- 23. Year NOMINAL OIL PRICE REAL OIL PRICE Base Year 2005 1970 1.30 5.35 411.5% 1971 1.65 6.46 391.5% 1972 1.90 7.13 375.3% 1973 2.70 9.61 355.9% 1974 9.76 31.83 326.1% 1975 10.72 31.94 297.9% 1976 11.51 32.43 281.8% 1977 12.40 32.85 264.9% 1978 12.70 31.44 247.6% 1979 17.26 39.44 228.5% 1980 28.67 59.99 209.2% 1981 34.23 65.49 191.3% 1982 31.74 57.23 180.3% 1983 28.77 49.90 173.4% 1984 28.06 46.91 167.2% 1985 27.54 44.69 162.3% 1986 13.73 21.80 158.8% 1987 17.23 26.58 154.3% 1988 13.40 19.99 149.2% 1989 16.21 23.30 143.7% 1990 20.82 28.81 138.4% 1991 17.43 23.29 133.6% 1992 17.94 23.42 130.5% 1993 15.68 20.03 127.7% 1994 15.39 19.25 125.1% 1995 16.73 20.50 122.5% 1996 19.91 23.94 120.2% 1997 18.71 22.11 118.2% 1998 12.20 14.26 116.9% 1999 17.45 20.09 115.1% 2000 26.81 30.22 112.7% 2001 23.06 25.42 110.2% 2002 24.32 26.38 108.5% 2003 27.69 29.42 106.2% 2004 34.53 35.68 103.3% 2005 50.15 50.15 100.0% 2006 61.05 59.14 96.9% 2007 68.75 64.72 94.1% 2008 95.16 87.64 92.1% 2009 61.38 56.04 91.3% 2010 77.75 70.05 90.1% 2011 107.80 95.10 88.2% 2012 110.27 95.72 86.8%
- 24. 0 25 50 75 100 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 Real Oil Price Base year 2005
- 26. Three Tools of Central Banks Open-Market Operations Discount Rate Reserve Ratio
- 27. What did SAMA do to fight the financial crisis in 2008? Dropped the ORR from 5.5% to 2.0% Dropped the Reserve Ratio from 13 percent to 7 percent
- 28. SAMA Official Repo Rate Dropped from 5.5% October 2008 to 2.0% by January 2009 3 month period of global financial crisis Rate increased as economy heated up
- 29. Inflation Deflation Winners Borrowers Lenders Losers Lenders Borrowers