1. GROUP 3
 NURUL HAFIZA BINTI ABDUL HALIM
 FAIZAH BINTI ABDULLAH
 NOOR HIDAYU BINTI MOHD ASRI
 NOOR SYAHIDA BINTI ABDUL MUTHOLID
 MOHAMMAD AZIZI BIN AMRAN

2. Recycling is an important part of a sustainable
lifestyle. It’s important for the future of the planet that
we all live ’sustainably’ - in other words make the best
use of limited natural resources.

3. Identification
Meeting of material to
specifications be diverted Identification
for recovered of reuse and
materials recycling
opportunities
Subsidies for
Markets for
recycling
plastic
program
Key issue in
material
recycling Low value of
Collection
recovered
infrastructures
plastics
Potential Lack of
contamination infrastructure
Low specific
weight

5. Why has the aluminum
recycling been so successful
compared with other common
postconsumer waste materials
such as newspaper, glass and
plastics?

6.  The reason is that postconsumer newspaper, glass, and
plastic must compete against the raw material used for
their manufacture, and these virgin material also are
abundant and relatively cheap
 Aluminum ore must be imported
 Aluminum industry recognized the advantage of a
domestic aluminum supply and established the
necessary infrastructure for transportation and
processing .
 A comparable infrastructure does not yet exist for other
recyclable material.

7. Less energy
Easy to
recycle Less raw
material
Why bother
recycling
aluminum?
Cost Less
effective landfill

8. Glass

9.  Glass constitutes approximately 8 percent by weight of
MSW
 The benefits of recycling glass include
-reuse of the material
-energy saving
-reduced use of landfill space
-cleaner compost or an improved refuse-derived fuel
(RDF)
 Glass bottle and Container
-manufacture prefer to include cullet with the raw
material because furnace temperature can be reduced
significantly.
- the disadvantage of using cullet from postconsumer
is that it almost contain contaminates that can alter
product color or quality

10. What happens to the glass we put into The bottle and jars are collected
the glass bank? from the glass bank by lorries.
The lorries keep the glass separated
from the glass bank by lorries.
Where does it go?
Non-glass items are thrown out The bottles and jars arrive at the factory
from the glass bank by lorries
The crushed glass is called cullet. where they are crushed and cleaned.

11. High temperatures in the furnace
melt the glass
The melted glass is made into new
Using old glass in the
bottles and jars.
furnace saves energy.
The new bottles and jars are checked
for faults.
When the bottles and jars have been
filled
they are sent to the shops to be sold.
The bottles and jars are then sent
to be filled.

12. We buy the new bottles and jars from the
shop and take them back to the glass
bank.
The cycle begins again

13. What Not to Recycle
Good Practice Recycling
Consumers should not put glass
bowls, cups, dishes or jugs into their glass
recycling point or their doorstep collection.
They should also not recycle light
bulbs, window panes or electronic
equipment with their bottles and jars.
Following this advice helps the industry use
more recycled glass, save more energy and
reduce emissions and waste.
Electronic Glass
Light bulbs and other electronic equipment which have glass
components contain many metal elements and a range of heavy
metals such as lead and cadmium and should be disposed of by
specialist companies.
If the public use recycling points for these items it creates quality
problems for glass manufacturers and reprocessors in all markets.

14. Glass Oven Ware
We are all familiar with glass in the form of bowls, jugs and casserole dishes
better known under the trade name Pyrex® or Vision Ware®.
These items are made from a different type of glass to normal bottles and jars
called Borosilicate glass. Around 10% boric oxide is added to the basic glass raw
materials enabling the glass to withstand very high temperatures and rapid
changes from hot to cold.
If consumers recycle these items with their glass bottles and jars it will become
broken and mixed in with the other glass where it is visually impossible to tell the
difference.
Borosilicate glass does not fully melt in the furnaces used to make glass for
bottles and jars and so gets into the finished containers as small hard pieces
called “stones”. These “stones” form weaknesses in the bottles and jars which can
lead to them breaking. In the factories making containers there is a range of
inspection equipment which checks every single bottle or jar made and detects
the “stones”, stopping them going out to be filled with food or drinks.
If the factories making glass bottles and jars find lots of “stones” in containers
they have to reduce the amount of recycled glass they are using until the problem
stops.

15. Plastic

16.  The growth in use plastic in consumer products has
occurred because plastic have largely replaced metal
and glass as a container material and paper as a
packaging material
 Several advantage
-light and reduce shipping costs
- durable and often provide a safer container
- can formed into a variety of shapes and flexible
- good insulator
- well suited to wet foods and microwave oven use

17. Polyethylene
terepthalate(P
ETE)
Mixed and High density
multilayer polyethylene
plastic (other) (HDFE)
Type of
plastic
now
Polystyrene recycled Polyvinyl
(PS) chloride (PVC)
Low density
Polypropylene
polyethylene
(PP)
(LDPE)

18. Sorting and granulator
Incoming bales Bale breaker inspection
Coloured PETE
storage
HDPE Mixed flake
Washing
Flotation tank system
PETE detergent
Centrifugal separator Spain dryer Air classifier
Polypropylene
Melt filtration Reclaim Electrostatic
extruder separator
PETE only
Pelletizer Final product: Final product:
HDPE pellets PETE flake
Type flow diagram for the processing of recovered HDPE and PETE crushed for shipment

19. Rubber

20. Reuse and recycling opportunities
 Retreading and Remanufacturing
-EPA suggested that number of tire discard could be
reduced if consumer bough better quality tires and
purchase use retreaded tires
 Rubber-Modified Asphalt
-wet process, crumb(finely ground) rubber is blended
with asphalt at 400°F to form a chemical bond
-dry process, the tire rubber is simply used as a
substitute for aggregate
 Tire-Derived Fuel

21. Ferrous metal (iron and steel)
and Nonferrous metals

22.  Ferrous metals are metals derived from, or containing,
iron, which is a highly magnetized, recyclable metal.
 Principal categories of ferrous metal now recovered
from MSW are tin cans and scrap metal
 Scrap cans
Can are often mixed with nonferrous material
Need to be separated magnetically ,compacted and
shipped to a detinning facility
Most detinning plants first shred the cans
A vacuum system is used to remove these foreign
material
The shredded material is the sorted magnetically to
remove aluminum and non ferrous material

23. The clean steel is then detinned either by heating in a
kiln to votalize or by chemical process using sodium
hydroxide and an oxidizing agent.
• Copper extraction process

24. material Requirement
Baled can scrap for steel companies Bales should be 2ft x 2ft x 2ft (or 3 ft) in size,with a
specific weight of 75 to 80lb/ft³.cans may be baled
without removal of paper labels,but must be free of
water, palstic, wood and other debris
Densified biscuit scrap for steel Scrap should be stacked and banded into bundles
companies with a density of 75 to 80lb/ft³. bundle weight is
subject to negotiation
Baled can scrap for detinning May be of varied dimension. Specific weight should
nominally be 30lb/ft³,subject to negotiation. Wire or
other steel banding is acceptable.
Loose cans Loose cans (whole or flattened) are acceptable,
subject to negotiation
Shredded can Shredded can (loose or baled) are acceptable, subject
to negotiation

25. Reference
 http://www.recyclingglass.co.uk/ks1-recycling-
centrehttp://www.recyclingglass.co.uk/what-not-to-
reycle
 http://myzerowaste.com/articles/food/why-recycle-
tins-and-cans/
 http://environment.about.com/od/earthtalkcolumns/
a/recycleplastics.htm
 Book
 -Integrated Solid Waste Management,Mc Graw Hill

26. http://www.recyclingglass.co.uk/ks1-recycling-
centrehttp://www.recyclingglass.co.uk/what-not-to-
reycle
http://myzerowaste.com/articles/food/why-recycle-
tins-and-cans/
http://environment.about.com/od/earthtalkcolumns/
a/recycleplastics.htm