2. Overview
• Coastal Louisiana Context
• Patterns of Coastal Development
• Atlas
• Strategies for Community Adaptation
• Strategies for Structures
• Building Prototypes
8. The Vision: New Growth Areas
Jennings
Crowley
Abbeville New Iberia
9. The Vision: New Growth Areas
La Place
Donaldsonville
D ld ill Kenner/Metairie
Westwego/Marrero
Gretna/
Morgan Ci
M City Thibodaux
Algiers
Raceland
Larose
10. The Vision: New Growth Areas
Hammond Covington
Mandeville Slidell
La Place
Kenner/Metairie
14. Levee building in the 1950s - present
• Influenced where growth was
possible
• Enabled development on lands
constrained by flooding
Levee Farms, Wayne Thiebaud
18. Coastal Development Patterns
• Water and Geology
– Riverbanks and Bayous
– Coastal
– Floodplains
• Development patterns form in relation to
water, marsh elevation,
water marsh, elevation levees and
roadways
• Produce a unique pattern that needs to be
accommodated and understood
54. Create a readily available planning tool
GIS system is kept up to date with readily available p
y p p y public data
Site hosted that provides GIS data and a Storefront for maps
Reduce time necessary to find and access the public data
55. Strategies for
g
Community
Adaptation
How do you p
y plan a
community where there will
be occasional flooding?
56. Strategies for Communities
1. Prevent flooding – Build levees;
Sediment diversion; Strengthen borders of
S S f
flood prone areas; Armor and fill
2.
2 Adapt to occasional flooding –
Develop community-wide approaches that
adapt to occasional floodwaters; Develop
resiliency; Minimize property damage from
flooding
3. Relocate when absolutely
necessary – Relocate part or all of a
y p
community to a more stable area
57. 1. Prevent Flooding – Global Examples
–Build barriers to fortify borders of
flood-prone areas
–Use natural processes: sediment
diversion to rebuild land area;
wetland restoration to prevent land
loss
64. Prevent flooding: barriers
Delta Works
Netherlands
Major engineering
project (19501997) to
j
shorten the Dutch
coastline and reduce
miles of needed dikes
miles of needed dikes
Source: DeltaWorks.org
66. Prevent flooding: Louisiana
Team New Orleans (USACE)
Inner Harbor Navigation
Channel (IHNC)
Surge barrier in coastal
S b i i l
Louisiana
flickr./infrogmation
67. Prevent flooding: barriers
Similar to a floodwall, but much larger, the IHNC is a surge
Similar to a floodwall but much larger the IHNC is a surge
barrier to protect New Orleans and St. Bernard Parish
against storm damage, to be completed in 2011
NOLA.com
68. Prevent Flooding: pump
Pump It Up –
Community Level
Protection
In New Orleans a pump station is
currently under construction that can
pump 150,000 gallons of floodwater
per second
69. Prevent flooding – watery city
Tigre Delta, Argentina
The city relies on waterways
and boats for transportation.
70. Prevent flooding: dredging
.
By preventing flooding upland, the
ff g
likelihood of flooding increases in low
income communities nearer the river
NORDELTA, a gated community
NORDELTA, a gated community
engineered out of wetlands in
Tigre, Argentina
Source: Columbia University Planning Studio
71. Prevent flooding
Adapt to flooding
Avoid flooding
d fl d
This aerial image illustrates the disparity between those who live in
protected upland communities and those who do not.
73. 2. Adapt to Occasional Flooding
• Community approaches to live with
occasional flooding
– Structural responses that avoid or allow
floodwaters
– Develop resilience to occasional flooding
flooding,
prepare property and vital infrastructure
– Build strong communities where flooding is a
nuisance, not a disaster
75. Adapt: Accept occasional floodwaters
Prepare for Occasional Floodwaters
Venice, Italy
Residents prepare for floodwaters
R id f fl d
entering buildings and public spaces
76. Adapt: activities and attitudes
PEOPLE
Tourists in Venice
T i i V i
Floating markets
f
of Vietnam
82. 3. Relocate
• Relocating part or all of a community
away from flood danger may be the best
option in some scenarios
– Cost to stay > cost to move
– Use of temporary or low-cost structures
p y
– Seasonal or vacation inhabitation
83. Relocate
Mekong Delta, Vietnam:
As part of LIVING WITH FLOODS program, the
Vietnamese government has begun relocating
floodprone, highrisk communities to
“residential clusters” on higher ground.
84. Relocate
Po Delta, Italy
Abandoned fishing villages
87. PREGustav POSTGustav
Relocate
Louisiana’s coastal
land is dynamic
and frequently
changing
NASA’s Landsat imagery
documents land loss due to
Hurricane Gustav (2008)
Source: NASA.gov
93. Strategies for
St t i f
Structures
How do you build in areas
that may flood?
94. Strategies for Structures
1. Berm and armor to protect structures and keep water out
2. Elevate with stilts or pole structure to move
structures above floodwaters.
3. Flood proofing of buildings so that they can be readily
cleaned and returned to active use quickly.
4. Temporary structures that can be rebuilt with relative
ease because of lower investment costs.
5. Floating structures either permanently on the water or
on land that can float when/if needed.
95. 1. Berm & Armor
Floodwall
Sump and pump for
internal drainage
Berm or
Levee
L evee Sewer
One-way valve
One way
97. 2. Building Elevation
Common Strategy
Innovative and traditional development
p
patterns and styles avoid flood damage
y f g
Around the world, entire communities
are raised on stilts to avoid structural
flooding, while accommodating the
occasional land flooding
Tigre, Argentina
Tigre, Argentina
101. 3. Flood Proofing
Maximum Protection
Level is Three Feet
Flood Proofed Walls
Sewer
Closures for Openings
One Way
One-Way Valve
Dry Floodproofing
102. 3. Flood Proofing
Furnace and Utilities
F d Utiliti Opening to Let
O i t L t
Relocated Water In
Appliances Moved or Wrapped
in Waterproof Bags
Wet Floodproofing
108. 5. Floating Structures
Portland, Oregon
Oaks Park Roller Rink
The skating rink was built in 1905 in a
floodplain. After a flood in 1948 ruined
fl d l i Aft fl d i 1948 i d
the rink's wood floor, the rebuilt floor was
designed to float in the event of another
f
flood. Since then, the floating floor has
f gf
survived two serious floods in 1964 and
1996.
Source: http://myweb.msoe.edu/~westr/pdxoaks.htm
110. Building
i i
Prototypes
yp
Modules that can be used in
planning exercises
Purpose is to match building
strategies with community
protection
111. Traditional Compact
p Traditional Compact
p Waterfront Residential Waterfront Commercial Community Center
y
Residential ‐1 Story Residential ‐2 Stories
Main Street Commercial‐ Main Street Commercial‐ Main Street Commercial‐ Multifamily Waterfront Hotel
1 Story 2 Stories 3 Stories and Restaurant
House Boat
Prototype Thumbnails
115. ROI Model (FA)
• Each building has a
g
prototype building
sheet
• Input physical
characteristics of
“prototype building
prototype building”
• Includes zoning and
g
development
standards and other
regulations or
g
insurance issues
116. What can the ROI Model tell?
• Financial
Feasibility
– Zoning
– Flood Protection
Strategy
• S t i bilit
Sustainability
• Plan Feasibility
• Tax Revenue of
Plan
• Transportation
Needs
• School Enrollment
• Housing Suitability
• Etc.
121. Open Foundation with Grade Beam
Open Foundation with Grade Beam Closed Foundation with Crawl Space
Closed Foundation with Crawl Space
Elevated 15 feet Elevated 8 feet
Source: FEMA Publication, Recommended Residential Construction for Coastal Areas, December 2009
Building Foundation Type Options
