Regulating Gambling in Europe - National Approaches to Gambling Regulation and Prevalence Rates of Pathological Gambling 1997 – 2010, Simon Planzer (ed.), Zurich 2011. www.planzer-law.com. This report summarises raw data collected during 2010 to 2011. The report relates to a larger research project that investigates associations between gambling regulation and gambling behaviour. Contents : 1 Preface; 2 Acknowledgements; 3 National Experts; 11 Regulatory Data - Survey Questions and Definitions; 14 Regulatory Data - Answers by Jurisdiction; 44 Regulatory Data - Comments by Jurisdiction; 90 National Prevalence Studies on Pathological Gambling. This report relates to a larger research project examining the effectiveness of regulatory approaches to gambling across Europe. The idea for the project was born out of conversations with Dr. Shaffer during a research stay at the Division on Addictions at Harvard Medical School during 2009 and 2010. With the combination of expertise from the normative discipline of law, and empirical disciplines such as psychology and medicine, this report offers new research perspectives to an old public health issue: pathological gambling. Gambling regulators throughout Europe, and indeed the world, are faced with the question of how to keep the prevalence of pathological gambling to a minimum. In addition, regulators often need to pursue other goals too such as economic development and crime prevention. Aspects they need to decide upon include, inter alia: 1) The type of licensing system. 2) Whether individuals should be penalised when playing illegal games. 3) Whether a minimum age to play should be introduced. 4) Whether restrictions on advertising should apply. 5) Whether money should be allocated to problem gambling issues. This report summarises regulatory data relating to the aforementioned aspects along with information regarding the age of the market. With the kind support of GamblingCompliance, experts in national gambling law were identified across Europe including employees from the public sector (regulators, government officials) as well as the private sector (mainly practising lawyers). Many of them agreed to complete an online survey covering the regulatory aspects mentioned above. This report summarises regulatory data collected from 30 jurisdictions: the European Union (EU) Member States (except for Cyprus, Slovenia, and Sweden), all members of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) as well as from Gibraltar and Jersey. The report covers the time period from January 1997 to March 2010, five types of games (sports betting, lottery, poker, table games, and electronic gaming machines) and it differentiates between the land-based and online forms of these games. Finally, it also contains all national prevalence studies that could be identified in the researched jurisdictions. For further information on this report, please contact: Simon Planzer, Esq. planzer@planzer-law.com

1. PLANZER LAW
Division on Addictions
Regulating Gambling in Europe
National Approaches to Gambling Regulation and
Prevalence Rates of Pathological Gambling 1997 - 2010

2. This report summarises raw data collected during 2010 to 2011. The report relates to a larger research project that investigates
associations between gambling regulation and gambling behaviour. Researchers on this project, who have contributed to this
report, include:
Simon Planzer, M.A., MLaw Prof. Howard J. Shaffer, Ph.D., C.A.S.
Attorney at Law, PLANZER LAW Director of the Division on Addictions
Lecturer in Law, University of St.Gallen HSG Associate Professor of Psychology Cambridge Health Alliance / Harvard
Medical School
Heather Gray, Ph.D.
Research Associate, Instructor in Psychiatry
Division on Addictions, Cambridge Health Alliance / Harvard Medical
School
Disclaimer
Every effort was made to reproduce the regulatory approaches in this report as informed by national experts who participated in
this research project. However, no warranty can be offered as to the accuracy or completeness of the information contained in
this report. This report does not constitute a source on which legal claims can or should be based. Accordingly, any liability in reli-
ance on the information contained in this report or any decision based on it is declined.
Copyright Terms
© Copyright 2011, Simon Planzer. All rights reserved, except otherwise provided in the following:
This report constitutes a collection of raw data which is put at the disposal of the general public. Its intended use is free of
charge. Neither the report or parts of it nor reproductions containing all or parts of this report’s information may be sold. Parts of
this report may be reproduced for non-commercial purposes provided that the report is duly quoted.
Suggested citation: Regulating Gambling in Europe - National Approaches to Gambling Regulation and Prevalence Rates of
Pathological Gambling 1997 – 2010, Simon Planzer (ed.), Zurich 2011.
The report is available at: www.planzer-law.com.
The design of this report has been provided by:
GamblingCompliance
UK Office
91 Waterloo Road
London SE1 8RT
Tel: +44(0)207 921 9980
Fax: +44(0)207 960 2885
info@gamblingcompliance.com
www.gamblingcompliance.com

3. Contents
1 Preface
2 Acknowledgements
3 National Experts
11 Regulatory Data - Survey Questions and Definitions
14 Regulatory Data - Answers by Jurisdiction
44 Regulatory Data - Comments by Jurisdiction
90 National Prevalence Studies on Pathological Gambling

4. Preface
This report relates to a larger research project examining the effectiveness of regulatory approaches to gambling across Europe.
The idea for the project was born out of conversations with Dr. Shaffer during a research stay at the Division on Addictions at Har-
vard Medical School during 2009 and 2010. With the combination of expertise from the normative discipline of law, and empirical
disciplines such as psychology and medicine, this report offers new research perspectives to an old public health issue: pathological
gambling.
Gambling regulators throughout Europe, and indeed the world, are faced with the question of how to keep the prevalence of patho-
logical gambling to a minimum. In addition, regulators often need to pursue other goals too such as economic development and
crime prevention. Aspects they need to decide upon include, inter alia:
1) The type of licensing system.
2) Whether individuals should be penalised when playing illegal games.
3) Whether a minimum age to play should be introduced.
4) Whether restrictions on advertising should apply.
5) Whether money should be allocated to problem gambling issues.
This report summarises regulatory data relating to the aforementioned aspects along with information regarding the age of the
market. With the kind support of GamblingCompliance, experts in national gambling law were identified across Europe including
employees from the public sector (regulators, government officials) as well as the private sector (mainly practising lawyers). Many of
them agreed to complete an online survey covering the regulatory aspects mentioned above. This report summarises regulatory data
collected from 30 jurisdictions: the European Union (EU) Member States (except for Cyprus, Slovenia, and Sweden), all members of
the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) as well as from Gibraltar and Jersey. The report covers the time period from January 1997
to March 2010, five types of games (sports betting, lottery, poker, table games, and electronic gaming machines) and it differentiates
between the land-based and online forms of these games. Finally, it also contains all national prevalence studies that could be identi-
fied in the researched jurisdictions.
The purpose of this report is to make the data freely available both to public and private stakeholders as well as the general public.
Hopefully, this initiative contributes to the strengthening of transparency of research and evidence-informed regulation.
For further information on this report, please contact:
Simon Planzer, Esq.
Mail:
Planzer Law
PO Box 1924
CH-8031 Zurich
Switzerland
E-mail: planzer@planzer-law.com
Web: www.planzer-law.com
1

5. Acknowledgements
The composition of this report would not have been possible without highly appreciated assistance from various actors who have in
one way or the other supported the bigger research project on gambling regulation and gambling behaviour.
The support of the following actors is acknowledged:
• bwin.party for supporting the final phase of the data collection with a research grant.
• GamblingCompliance for supporting this research project from its early days, by providing support in identifying na-
tional experts, lending administrative assistance as well as in designing the report.
• The European Gaming & Betting Association (EGBA) for providing support in identifying national experts and ad-
ministrative assistance.
• Sine Edal, M.A., M.Sc., for providing support in the processing of the data.
• And of course all the national experts who have participated in the regulatory survey and offered their expertise.
2

6. National Experts
Numerous national experts have kindly offered their expertise in completing a regulatory survey on which the answers in this
report are based. Those experts, who have agreed to be mentioned in this report, are listed in the following.
Austria
Brandl & Talos Attorneys at Law
Dr. Thomas Talos, LL.M., Partner
Dr. Arthur Stadler, Associate
Mariahilfer Strasse 116, 1070 Vienna
Tel: +43 1 522 5700
Fax: +43 1 522 5701
E-mail: office@btp.at
Web: www.btp.at
Belgium
Belgian Gaming Commission
Etienne Marique, Chairman
Marc Callu, Member-Director
Peter Naessens, Head of Unit Regulatory Advise, Research & Development
Kantersteen 47, 1000 Brussels
Tel: +32 2 213 42 78
Web: www.gamingcommission.be
Koan Legal Strategies
Jan Decorte, Partner
Boulevard du Souverain/Vorstlaan 100, B-1170 Brussels
Tel: +32 2 566 9000
E-mail: jdc@koan.eu
Web: www.koan.eu
Czech Republic
Law Office Becker and Poliakoff, s.r.o.
Jan Kozubek, Attorney at law
Prague 1, U Prašné brány 1078/1
Tel: +420 224 900 000
Fax: +420 224 900 041
E-mail: kozubek@becker-poliakoff.cz
Web: www.becker-poliakoff.cz
3

7. Denmark
Danish Gambling Authority
Mette Slotved Thomsen
Helgeshøj Allé 9, 2630 Taastrup
Tel: +45 72 38 52 68
E-mail: Mette.KS.Thomsen@Skat.dk
Web: www.spillemyndigheden.dk
Moalem Weitemeyer Bendtsen Advokatpartnerselskab
Dr. Claus Molbech Bendtsen, MBA, Partner
Tel: +45 33 77 90 60 (direct)
Mob: +45 30 37 96 60
E-mail: cmb@mwblaw.dk
Kim David Lexner, Junior Associate
Tel: +45 33 77 90 46 (direct)
Mob: +45 30 37 96 46
E-mail: kdl@mwblaw.dk
Amaliegade 3-5, DK-1256 København K/Copenhagen K
Fax: +45 70 70 15 06
Web: www.mwblaw.dk
Nielsen Nørager Law Firm LLP
Henrik Peytz, MBA, Attorney
Frederiksberggade 16, 1459 Copenhagen K
Tel: +45 33 11 45 45
E-mail: hp@nnlaw.dk
Web: www.nnlaw.dk
Estonia
Ministry of Finance
Entrepreneurship and Accounting Policy Department
Web: www.fin.ee
Law Firm Glikman & Partners
Ms Silja Elunurm, Attorney at Law, M.A., LL.M., Head of IP/IT Team
Mr Maksim Kozlov, Attorney at Law
Liivalaia 45, 10145 Tallinn
Tel: +372 686 0000
E-mail: estonia@blslawfirm.com
Web: www.blslawfirm.com
4

8. Law Firm Glimstedt
Priit Lätt, Managing Partner
Merit Lind, Associate
Rävala 5, Tallinn 10143
Tel: +372 630 9170
E-mail: priit.latt@glimstedt.ee
E-mail: merit.lind@glimstedt.ee
Web: www.glimstedt.ee
Finland
National Police Board
Gambling Administration
Saaramia Varvio, Senior Officer
P.O. Box 50, FI-11101 Riihimaki
Tel: +358 71 878 1881
E-mail: saaramia.varvio@poliisi.fi
Hannes Snellman Attorneys Ltd
Erkko Korhonen, Associate Lawyer
Tel: +358 9 2288 4308
E-mail: erkko.korhonen@hannessnellman.com
Offices: Eteläranta 8, Helsinki
Mail: P.O. Box 333, FI-00131 Helsinki
Web: www.hannessnellman.com
France
DGFLA Law Firm
Frédéric Manin, Attorney at Law, Partner
9 rue Boissy d’Anglas, 75008 Paris
Tel: +33 1 56 64 02 80 (direct)
E-mail: fmanin@dgfla.com
Web: www.dgfla.com
Germany
Arendts Rechtsanwälte
Martin Arendts, M.B.L.-HSG, Attorney at Law
Perlacher Strasse 68, 82031 Grünwald
Tel: +49 89 64 91 11 - 75
Fax: +49 89 64 91 11 - 76
5

9. Rechtsanwälte Dr. Bauer & Becker
Jens Becker, LL.M.
Leopoldstrasse 244, 80807 München
Tel: +49 89 92 98 97-10
Fax: +49 89 92 98 97-09
E-mail: jens.becker@bp-recht.de
Web: www.bp-recht.de
Italy
De Berti Jacchia Franchini Forlani (Milan, Rome, Brussels, Moscow)
Roberto A. Jacchia
Via San Paolo 7, 20121 Milan
Tel: +3902725541
E-mail: r.jacchia@dejalex.com
Web: www.dejalex.com
Antonella Terranova
Via Bertoloni 14, 00197 Rome
Tel: +39068091541
E-mail: a.terranova@dejalex.com
Web: www.dejalex.com
Rödl & Partner
Roberto Pera, LL.M., Ph.D., Managing Partner
Filippo Maria Catenacci, LL.M., Associate Partner
Mariacristina Bonomo, Ph.D. student at Luiss University, Trainee
Rödl & Partner
Avvocati, Dottori Commercialisti e Revisori Contabili
Attorneys at Law, Tax Consultants, Certified Public Accountants
Rechtsanwälte, Steuerberater, Wirtschaftsprüfer
Piazza di S. Anastasia, 7, 00186 Roma
Tel: +39 06 96 70 12 70
Fax: +39 06 32 23 394
Web: www.roedl.com/it
Latvia
Law Office “Consilio”
Mr Kaspars Ozolins, LL.M., Attorney at Law, Partner
Valnu street 32 - 415, Riga, LV-1010
Tel: +371 29145555
E-mail: kaspars@consilio.com
Mr Gatis Upenieks, LL.M.
Valnu street 32 - 415, Riga, LV-1010
Tel: +371 26525636
E-mail: gatis@consilio.com
6

10. Liechtenstein
Wolff Gstoehl Bruckschweiger, Advokaturbüro
Mag. iur. Christoph Bruckschweiger, LL.M.
Mitteldorf 1, Postfach 343, 9490 Vaduz
Tel: +423 238 10 30
Fax: +423 238 10 31
E-mail: bruckschweiger@wgb-law.li
Web: www.wgb-law.li
Luxembourg
Jurisconsul
Erwin Sotiri, Founding Partner
70, Grand Rue, L-1660 Luxembourg
Tel: +352 26 38 98 08
Fax: +352 26 38 98 09
Web: www.jurisconsul.com
MK Law Firm
Michaël Kitai, Partner
Avocat aux barreaux de Luxembourg et de Bruxelles
14-16 rue Philippe II, L-2340 Luxembourg
Tel: +352 621 634 557
E-mail: michael.kitai@barreau.lu
Malta
Betfair
Dr. James Palmier Gonzi
Director/Key Official & Compliance Manager (Malta)
Tel: +356 2271 3600
Mob: +356 9982 6550
Fax: +356 21 228 572
The Betfair Group
Triq il-Kappillan Mifsud, St. Venera, SVR 1851
Web: www.betfair.com
Norway
Royal Ministry of Cultural Affairs
Rolf Francis Sims
P.O. Box 8030 Dep
0030 Oslo
Tel: +47 22247825
E-mail: rolf-francis.sims@kud.dep.no
7

11. Poland
Bird & Bird Maciej Gawronski sp. k.
Piotr Dynowski, LL.M., Head of IP, Media and Advertising Law Practice
Ul. ks. Skorupki 5, 00-546 Warsaw
Tel: +48 22 583 79 00
Fax: +48 22 583 79 99
E-mail: piotr.dynowski@twobirds.com
Web: www.twobirds.com
Portugal
Coelho Ribeiro e Associados, Sociedade Civil de Advogados
Jaime Medeiros
Av. Engº. Duarte Pacheco, Emp. Amoreiras, Torre 2 - 13º A, 1099-042 Lisbon
Tel: +351 21 383 90 60
Fax: +351 21 385 32 02
Web: www.cralaw.com
Eduardo Serra Jorge e Maria José Garcia, Sociedade de Advogados, R.L
Eduardo Serra Jorge
Av. António Augusto Aguiar, 183, R/C Dto., 1050-014 Lisboa
Tel: +351 21 384 53 90
Fax: +351 213 873 097
E-mail: esjmjg@net.novis.pt
Web: www.esjmjgadvogados.com
Romania
Bostina & Associates Law Firm
Cristian Costea, Partner
Irina Corcoveanu, Senior Associate
No 70, Jean Louis Calderon Street, Bucharest
Tel: +4021 211 48 00; +4021 319 44 66
Fax: +4021 319 48 03; +4021 210 46 43
E-mail: office@bostina.eu
Web: www.bostinalawyers.eu
Mararu & Mararu SCA
Mr. Ioan B. Mararu, Esq., Partner
13-15 Episcopul Timus, Suite 1, 011611 Bucharest
Tel: +4021 311 0664
Mob: +4 0744 21 00 88
Fax: +4021 313 5683
E-mail: bogdan@mararu.ro
Web: www.mararu.ro
8

12. Slovakia
Sonnenschein & Partners, Ltd.
Tomáš Färber, Advocate
Michal Janacek, Advocate
Za kasarnou 1, 831 03 Bratislava
Tel: +421 2 492 47 220/221
E-mail: info@sonneschein.sk; janecek@sonneschein.sk
Web: www.sonnenschein.sk
Spain
Altius Asesores Legales y Tributarios
Juan José Folchi
C/ Aribau nº 205, 1º, 08021 Barcelona
Tel: +34 93 292 23 10
Fax: +34 93 292 23 13
E-mail: jfolchi@barcelonaunionlegal.com
Asensi Abogados
Santiago Asensi
Madrid: C/ Conde de Aranda 20, 2 Izq. 28001 Madrid
Mallorca: C/ Gran Vía Puig del Castellet, 1, Bloque 2, Piso 1º , 07180 Santa Ponsa, Islas Baleares
Tel: +34 971 90 92 19
Mob: +34 607 799 466
Fax: +34 871 95 43 47
E-mail: santiago@asensi.es
Web: www.asensi.es
Cuatrecasas, Gonçalves, Pereira
Javier Aparicio Salom, Partner
javier.aparicio@cuatrecasas.com
Alejandro Negro, Senior Associate
alejandro.negro@cuatrecasas.com
Velázquez, 63, 28001 Madrid
Tel: +34 915 247 717
Fax: +34 915 247 655
9

13. The Netherlands
Bird & Bird LLP
Roelien van Neck, Partner IT/Commercial
Offices: Van Alkemadelaan 700, 2597 AW The Hague
Mail: P.O. Box 30311, 2500 GH The Hague
Tel: +31 70 3538950
Fax: +31 70 3538892
E-mail: roelien.van.neck@twobirds.com
Web: www.twobirds.com
VMW Taxand N.V.
Justin Franssen, Attorney at Law
Frank Tolboom, Attorney at Law
Dr. Alan Littler
Piet Heinkade 55, Postbus 2911, 1000 CX Amsterdam
Tel: +31 20 301 66 33
Fax: +31 20 301 66 22
E-mail: info@vmwtaxand.nl
Web: www.vmwtaxand.nl
United Kingdom
Jeffrey Green Russell, Solicitors
Nick Nocton, Partner
Waverley House, 7-12 Noel Street, London W1F 8GQ
Tel: +44 (0) 207 339 7000
E-mail: njn@jgrlaw.co.uk
10

14. Regulatory Data - Survey Questions and Definitions
Questions
1. What has been the regulation with regard to LAND-BASED GAMBLING SERVICES PROVIDERS for each of the following types of
games in your jurisdiction during the time period from January 1997 to March 2010? (Following types of games include sports bet-
ting, lottery, poker, table games and electronic gaming machines.)
2. What has been the regulation with regard to ONLINE GAMBLING SERVICES PROVIDERS for each of the following types of games
in your jurisdiction during the time period from January 1997 to March 2010?
3. Has the law prohibited INDIVIDUALS/PLAYERS from playing the following LAND-BASED types of games under the threat of fines
or imprisonment during the time period from January 1997 to March 2010?
4. Has the law prohibited INDIVIDUALS/PLAYERS from playing the following ONLINE types of games under the threat of fines or
imprisonment during the time period from January 1997 to March 2010?
5. Has the law required a certain MINIMUM AGE to play the following LAND-BASED types of games?
6. Has the law required a certain MINIMUM AGE to play the following ONLINE types of games?
7. Please describe the regulatory policy in your jurisdiction with regard to ADVERTISEMENT for LAND-BASED GAMBLING during the
time period from January 1997 and March 2010.
If the applicable regulation is “Some Restrictions”, please briefly describe the restrictions for each type of game.
8. Please describe the regulatory policy in your jurisdiction with regard to ADVERTISEMENT for ONLINE GAMBLING during the time
period from January 1997 and March 2010.
If the applicable regulation is “Some Restrictions”, please briefly describe the restrictions for each type of game.
9. If the following LAND-BASED types of games have been legally offered to players in your jurisdiction, please choose the age of
the market of each type of game (i.e. number of years that this type of game has been legally offered).
10. If the following ONLINE types of games have been legally offered to players in your jurisdiction by domestic provider(s), please
choose the age of the market of each type of game (i.e. number of years that this type of game has been legally offered).
11. Please indicate whether the State (or an institution controlled by the State) has taken a portion from the gambling providers’
earnings. This question also applies to charitable purposes.
12. Please indicate for how long the State (or an institution controlled by the State) has been taking a portion from the gambling
providers’ earnings. This question also applies to charitable purposes.
11

15. 13. Has the law required any part of this portion taken by the State (or an institution controlled by the State) be allocated to prob-
lem gambling issues?
14. Since when has part of the portion taken by the State been required by law to be allocated to problem gambling issues?
15. Has the money allocated to deal with problem gambling issues been specifically allocated by law to any or several of the follow-
ing purposes? If yes, from when to when has this policy been in place?
16. Has the State otherwise provided money, which did not come from the gambling earnings, to deal with problem gambling is-
sues?
Definitions
In relation to all questions:
Sports Betting: Includes all form of games in which a player makes a wager on the outcome of a sporting event.
Lottery: Includes all form of games that involve the drawing of lots for a prize.
Poker: We isolated this category of card games because in some jurisdictions it is treated as a game of skill, in others as a game of
chance. It includes a range of poker card games in which players wager money. If your jurisdiction distinguishes between different
forms of poker (e.g. Texas hold’em in the form of a tournament), please indicate it in the survey. We do NOT include video poker
machines in this category. Those machines fall under the type of game “electronic gaming machines”.
Table Games: Includes games such as Black Jack, Roulette, Craps, Baccarat in which players wager money.
Electronic Gaming Machines: These machines have different names in different jurisdictions, such as slot machines, fruit ma-
chines, one-armed bandit or pokies. This type of game also includes video lottery terminals (VLTs) and video poker machines, in fact,
any machine in which a player can insert a coin or money to wager on certain patterns of symbols visible on the screen. We include
here only chance based games played on machines (as opposed to skill based games).
[When asking for the age of market of electronic gaming machines, we also considered earlier, mechanical forms of gaming ma-
chines.]
In relation to all questions:
The relevant time frame for all questions is only from 1/1997 to 3/2010. Even if the relevant legislation was enacted prior to 1/1997,
please always indicate 1/1997 as a start date. The end date is always 3/2010. Should the policy have changed since 1/1997, then
use the second row (of the same type of game).
[When participants indicated a change of policy, the relevant date was when the policy entered into effect, not when it was passed
by the legislator.]
12

16. In relation to the question regarding types of system:
Prohibition: The provision of gambling services is prohibited by law. No provider can legally offer such services.
Public Monopoly: The provision of gambling services is restricted by law to the offer of a single public provider. “Public” here means
that the provider can be directly state-run or directly or indirectly controlled by the state. This may also include a company subject to
private law rules but whose shares are predominantly controlled by the state.
Closed Licensing System: The state distributes licenses (concessions) for the provision of gambling. The number of licenses (1 or
higher) is limited either by law or de facto by government decision. The number of licenses may however change over time.
Open Licensing System: The state distributes licenses for the provision of gambling. The number of licenses is in practice NOT
limited. Any company applying for a license that fulfills the conditions imposed by law will normally receive a license.
No License Required: There is no requirement to obtain a license for the provision of gambling. It can be offered as any other busi-
ness activity. And if some form of authorization is still required it is generally easy to obtain.
In relation to the question regarding ‘prohibition to play for individuals’:
Please note that the answer ‘Prohibition’ only applied when the respective type of game could not be played legally in that jurisdic-
tion. If the prohibition to play the game (combined with a threat of fine or imprisonment) only applied to playing with unlicensed
operators (instead of with the licensed operator(s), the applicable answer was ‘No/No Prohibition’.
In relation to the question regarding ‘minimum age to play’:
Please note that where a certain game was prohibited during a certain time, the answer to ‘minimum age to play’ would normally be
‘no minimum age’.
The regulatory survey did no expressly ask whether the minimum age changed between 1997 and 2010. Many national experts pro-
vided further comments (cf. ‘Regulatory Data - Comments by Jurisdictions’). The minimum age listed here is the one which national
experts expressly indicated or which, according to their comments, was in place most of the time during 1997 to 2010.
13

17. Regulatory Data - Answers by Jurisdiction
Austria Sportsbetting Lottery Poker Table Games EGM
Question Context
Kind of licensing system Land-based Open Licensing System from Closed Licensing System from Open Licensing System from Closed Licensing System Open Licensing System from
1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 from 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010
Online Open Licensing System from Closed Licensing System from Closed Licensing System Closed Licensing System Open Licensing System from
1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 from 1/1997 to 3/2010 from 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010
Prohibition to play for Land-based No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010
individuals (fines, imprison-
ment)
Online No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010
Minimum age to play Land-based 16 18 18 18 18
Online 16 18 18 18 18
Restrictions to advertising Land-based No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions No Specific Restrictions from
1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 from 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010
Online No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions No Specific Restrictions from
1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 from 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010
Age of legal market (in Land-based 31 to 50 31 to 50 More Than 50 More Than 50 31 to 50
years)
Online 16 to 20 16 to 20 16 to 20 16 to 20 16 to 20
Age of state revenues from N/A Yes; More Than 50
gambling proceeds (in
years)
Ear-marked money for N/A No
problem gambling from
gambling proceeds; since
when; allocated to specific
purposes
Money otherwise provided N/A
by state to deal with prob-
lem gambling
14

18. Belgium Sportsbetting Lottery Poker Table Games EGM
Question Context
Kind of licensing system Land-based Open Licensing System from Public Monopoly from Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 Prohibition from 1/1997
1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 6/2001; Closed Licensing Sys- to 6/2001; Closed Licens- to 6/2001; Closed Licens-
tem from 7/2001 to 3/2010 ing System from 7/2001 to ing System from 7/2001 to
3/2010 3/2010
Online No License Required from Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to
1/1997 to 3/2010 3/2002; Public Monopoly 3/2010 3/2010 3/2010
from 4/2002 to 3/2010
Prohibition to play for Land-based No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010
individuals (fines, imprison-
ment)
Online No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010
Minimum age to play Land-based No Minimum Age 18 21 21 21
Online No Minimum Age 18 No Minimum Age No Minimum Age No Minimum Age
Restrictions to advertising Land-based No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions
1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 6/2002; Some 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 from 1/1997 to 3/2010
Restrictions from 7/2002 to
3/2010
Online No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions
1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 6/2002; Some 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 from 1/1997 to 3/2010
Restrictions from 7/2002 to
3/2010
Age of legal market (in Land-based More Than 50 More Than 50 6 to 10 6 to 10 6 to 10
years)
Online 6 to 10 0 (less than one year) No No No
Age of state revenues from N/A Yes; More Than 50
gambling proceeds (in
years)
Ear-marked money for N/A No
problem gambling from
gambling proceeds; since
when; allocated to specific
purposes
Money otherwise provided N/A Yes; Research 1/2001; Treatment 1/2001; Public Education 1/2001
by state to deal with prob-
lem gambling
15

19. Bulgaria Sportsbetting Lottery Poker Table Games EGM
Question Context
Kind of licensing system Land-based Open Licensing System from Open Licensing System from Open Licensing System from Open Licensing System from Open Licensing System
1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 from 1/1997 to 3/2010
Online Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to
3/2010 3/2010 3/2010 3/2010 3/2010
Prohibition to play for Land-based No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010
individuals (fines, imprison-
ment)
Online Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to
3/2010 3/2010 3/2010 3/2010 3/2010
Minimum age to play Land-based 18 18 18 18 18
Online No Minimum Age No Minimum Age No Minimum Age No Minimum Age No Minimum Age
Restrictions to advertising Land-based Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to
3/2010 3/2010 3/2010 3/2010 3/2010
Online Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to
3/2010 3/2010 3/2010 3/2010 3/2010
Age of legal market (in Land-based 31 to 50 31 to 50 31 to 50 31 to 50 16-20
years)
Online No No No No No
Age of state revenues from N/A No
gambling proceeds (in
years)
Ear-marked money for N/A
problem gambling from
gambling proceeds; since
when; allocated to specific
purposes
Money otherwise provided N/A
by state to deal with prob-
lem gambling
16

20. Czech Republic Sportsbetting Lottery Poker Table Games EGM
Question Context
Kind of licensing system Land-based Open Licensing System from Open Licensing System from No License Required from Open Licensing System from Open Licensing System
1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 from 1/1997 to 3/2010
Online Closed Licensing System from Closed Licensing System from Closed Licensing System from Closed Licensing System Closed Licensing System
1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 from 1/1997 to 3/2010 from 1/1997 to 3/2010
Prohibition to play for Land-based No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010
individuals (fines, imprison-
ment)
Online No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010
Minimum age to play Land-based 18 18 18 18 18
Online 18 18 18 18 18
Restrictions to advertising Land-based No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions
1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 from 1/1997 to 3/2010
Online No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions
1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 from 1/1997 to 3/2010
Age of legal market (in Land-based More Than 50 More Than 50 16 to 20 16 to 20 16 to 20
years)
Online 1 to 2 No No No No
Age of state revenues from N/A Yes; More Than 50
gambling proceeds (in
years)
Ear-marked money for N/A
problem gambling from
gambling proceeds; since
when; allocated to specific
purposes
Money otherwise provided N/A
by state to deal with prob-
lem gambling
17

21. Denmark Sportsbetting Lottery Poker Table Games EGM
Question Context
Kind of licensing system Land-based Public Monopoly from Open Licensing System from Closed Licensing System from Closed Licensing System No License Required from
1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 12/2009; Open Li- from 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 12/2000; Open
censing System from 1/2010 Licensing System from
to 3/2010 1/2001 to 3/2010
Online Public Monopoly from Public Monopoly from Public Monopoly from 1/1997 Public Monopoly from Public Monopoly from
1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010
Prohibition to play for Land-based No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010
individuals (fines, imprison-
ment)
Online No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010
Minimum age to play Land-based No Minimum Age No Minimum Age 18 18 18
Online No Minimum Age No Minimum Age No Minimum Age No Minimum Age No Minimum Age
Restrictions to advertising Land-based Some Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions
1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 from 1/1997 to 3/2010
Online Some Restrictions from Some Restrictions from Some Restrictions from Some Restrictions from Some Restrictions from
1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010
Age of legal market (in Land-based More Than 50 More Than 50 16-20 16-20 21-25
years)
Online 16-20 16-20 No No No
Age of state revenues from N/A Yes; More Than 50
gambling proceeds (in
years)
Ear-marked money for N/A Yes; Research 1/2001 to 3/2010; Treatment 1/2001 to 3/2010; Public Education No
problem gambling from
gambling proceeds; since
when; allocated to specific
purposes
Money otherwise provided N/A Research No; Treatment No; Public Education Dont’ know; Unspecified Don’t know
by state to deal with prob-
lem gambling
18

22. Estonia Sportsbetting Lottery Poker Table Games EGM
Question Context
Kind of licensing system Land-based Open Licensing System from Open Licensing System from Open Licensing System from Open Licensing System from Open Licensing System
1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 12/2008; Closed 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 from 1/1997 to 3/2010
Licensing System from
1/2009 to 3/2010
Online No License Required from Prohibition from 1/1997 No License Required from No License Required from No License Required from
1/1997 to 12/2009; Open Li- to 12/2009; Closed Licens- 1/1997 to 12/2009; Open Li- 1/1997 to 12/2009; Open Li- 1/1997 to 12/2009; Open
censing System from 1/2010 ing System from 1/2010 to censing System from 1/2010 censing System from 1/2010 Licensing System from
to 3/2010 3/2010 to 3/2010 to 3/2010 1/2010 to 3/2010
Prohibition to play for Land-based No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010
individuals (fines, imprison-
ment)
Online No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010
Minimum age to play Land-based 21 No Minimum Age 21 21 21
Online 21 No Minimum Age 21 21 21
Restrictions to advertising Land-based Prohibition from 1/1998 to Prohibition from 1/1998 to Prohibition from 1/1998 to Prohibition from 1/1998 to Prohibition from 1/1998 to
3/2010 3/2010 3/2010 3/2010 3/2010
Online Prohibition from 1/1998 to Prohibition from 1/1998 to Prohibition from 1/1998 to Prohibition from 1/1998 to Prohibition from 1/1998 to
3/2010 3/2010 3/2010 3/2010 3/2010
Age of legal market (in Land-based 11 to 15 16 to 20 11 to 15 11 to 15 11 to 15
years)
Online 0 (less than one year) 0 (less than one year) 0 (less than one year) 0 (less than one year) 0 (less than one year)
Age of state revenues from N/A Yes; 16 to 20
gambling proceeds (in
years)
Ear-marked money for N/A Yes; Unspecific Purposes from 6/2009 to 3/2010
problem gambling from
gambling proceeds; since
when; allocated to specific
purposes
Money otherwise provided N/A
by state to deal with prob-
lem gambling
19

23. Finland Sportsbetting Lottery Poker Table Games EGM
Question Context
Kind of licensing system Land-based Public Monopoly from Public Monopoly from Public Monopoly from 1/1997 Public Monopoly from Public Monopoly from
1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010
Online Public Monopoly from Public Monopoly from Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to
1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/2010; Public Monopoly 1/2010; Public Monopoly 1/2010; Public Monopoly
from 2/2010 to 3/2010 from 2/2010 to 3/2010 from 2/2010 to 3/2010
Prohibition to play for Land-based No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010
individuals (fines, imprison-
ment)
Online No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010
Minimum age to play Land-based No Minimum Age No Minimum Age 18 18 15
Online No Minimum Age No Minimum Age 18 18 15
Restrictions to advertising Land-based No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions
1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 from 1/1997 to 3/2010
Online No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions
1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 from 1/1997 to 3/2010
Age of legal market (in Land-based More Than 50 31 to 50 16 to 20 31 to 50 More Than 50
years)
Online 11 to 15 11 to 15 No No No
Age of state revenues from N/A Yes; More Than 50
gambling proceeds (in
years)
Ear-marked money for N/A Yes; Research 1/2002 to 3/2010
problem gambling from
gambling proceeds; since
when; allocated to specific
purposes
Money otherwise provided N/A Yes; Research [no date indicated]; Treatment [no date indicated]; Public Education [no date indicated]
by state to deal with prob-
lem gambling
20

24. France Sportsbetting Lottery Poker Table Games EGM
Question Context
Kind of licensing system Land-based Closed Licensing System from Public Monopoly from Closed Licensing System from Closed Licensing System Closed Licensing System
1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 from 1/1997 to 3/2010 from 1/1997 to 3/2010
Online Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to
5/2001; Public Monopoly 5/2001; Public Monopoly 3/2010 3/2010 3/2010
from 5/2001 to 3/2010 from 5/2001 to 3/2010
Prohibition to play for Land-based No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010
individuals (fines, imprison-
ment)
Online No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010
Minimum age to play Land-based 18 18 18 18 18
Online No Minimum Age No Minimum Age No Minimum Age No Minimum Age No Minimum Age
Restrictions to advertising Land-based No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions
1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 from 1/1997 to 3/2010
Online No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions
1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 from 1/1997 to 3/2010
Age of legal market (in Land-based 26 to 30 More Than 50 More Than 50 More Than 50 26 to 30
years)
Online 6 to 10 6 to 10 No No No
Age of state revenues from N/A Yes; More Than 50
gambling proceeds (in
years)
Ear-marked money for N/A No
problem gambling from
gambling proceeds; since
when; allocated to specific
purposes
Money otherwise provided N/A
by state to deal with prob-
lem gambling
21

25. Germany Sportsbetting Lottery Poker Table Games EGM
Question Context
Kind of licensing system Land-based Public Monopoly from Public Monopoly from Public Monopoly from 1/1997 Public Monopoly from Open Licensing System
1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 from 1/1997 to 3/2010
Online Public Monopoly from Public Monopoly from Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Public Monopoly from
1/1997 to 12/2007; Prohibi- 1/1997 to 12/2007; Prohibi- 3/2010 3/2010 1/1997 to 12/2007; Pro-
tion from 1/2008 to 3/2010 tion from 1/2008 to 3/2010 hibition from 1/2008 to
3/2010
Prohibition to play for Land-based No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010
individuals (fines, imprison-
ment)
Online Yes from 1/1997 to 3/2010 Yes from 1/1997 to 3/2010 Yes from 1/1997 to 3/2010 Yes from 1/1997 to 3/2010 Yes from 1/1997 to 3/2010
Minimum age to play Land-based 18 18 21 21 18
Online No Minimum Age No Minimum Age No Minimum Age No Minimum Age No Minimum Age
Restrictions to advertising Land-based No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions
1/1997 to 12/2007; Some 1/1997 to 12/2007; Some 1/1997 to 12/2007; Some 1/1997 to 12/2007; Some from 1/1997 to 12/2007
Restrictions from 1/2008 to Restrictions from 1/2008 to Restrictions from 1/2008 to Restrictions from 1/2008 to
3/2010 3/2010 3/2010 3/2010
Online No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to
1/1997 to 12/2007; Some 1/1997 to 12/2007; Some 3/2010 3/2010 3/2010
Restrictions from 1/2008 to Restrictions from 1/2008 to
3/2010 3/2010
Age of legal market (in Land-based More Than 50 More Than 50 More Than 50 More Than 50 More Than 50
years)
Online 6 to 10 6 to 10 No No No
Age of state revenues from N/A Yes; More Than 50
gambling proceeds (in
years)
Ear-marked money for N/A Yes; Research 1/2008 to 3/2010
problem gambling from
gambling proceeds; since
when; allocated to specific
purposes
Money otherwise provided N/A
by state to deal with prob-
lem gambling
22

26. Gibraltar Sportsbetting Lottery Poker Table Games EGM
Question Context
Kind of licensing system Land-based Closed Licensing System from Closed Licensing System from Closed Licensing System from Closed Licensing System Closed Licensing System
1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 from 1/1997 to 3/2010 from 1/1997 to 3/2010
Online Closed Licensing System from Closed Licensing System from Closed Licensing System from Closed Licensing System Closed Licensing System
1/1998 to 3/2010 1/1998 to 3/2010 1/1998 to 3/2010 from 1/1998 to 3/2010 from 1/1998 to 3/2010
Prohibition to play for Land-based No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010
individuals (fines, imprison-
ment)
Online No from 1/1998 to 3/2010 No from 1/1998 to 3/2010 No from 1/1998 to 3/2010 No from 1/1998 to 3/2010 No from 1/1998 to 3/2010
Minimum age to play Land-based 18 16 18 18 18
Online 18 16 18 18 18
Restrictions to advertising Land-based No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions
1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 from 1/1997 to 3/2010
Online Some Restrictions from Some Restrictions from Some Restrictions from Some Restrictions from Some Restrictions from
1/1998 to 3/2010 1/1998 to 3/2010 1/1998 to 3/2010 1/1998 to 3/2010 1/1998 to 3/2010
Age of legal market (in Land-based 31 to 50 31 to 50 31 to 50 31 to 50 31 to 50
years)
Online 11 to 15 11 to 15 11 to 15 11 to 15 11 to 15
Age of state revenues from N/A Yes; 31 to 50
gambling proceeds (in
years)
Ear-marked money for N/A No
problem gambling from
gambling proceeds; since
when; allocated to specific
purposes
Money otherwise provided N/A Yes; Treatment [no date indicated]; Public Education [no date indicated]
by state to deal with prob-
lem gambling
23

27. Greece Sportsbetting Lottery Poker Table Games EGM
Question Context
Kind of licensing system Land-based Public Monopoly from Public Monopoly from Closed Licensing System from Closed Licensing System Prohibition from 1/1997
1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 from 1/1997 to 3/2010 to 7/2002; Closed Licens-
ing System from 7/2002 to
3/2010
Online Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to
3/2010 3/2010 3/2010 3/2010 3/2010
Prohibition to play for Land-based Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to
individuals (fines, imprison- 3/2010 3/2010 3/2010 3/2010 3/2010
ment)
Online Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to
3/2010 3/2010 3/2010 3/2010 3/2010
Minimum age to play Land-based 18 18 23 23 23
Online No Minimum Age No Minimum Age No Minimum Age No Minimum Age No Minimum Age
Restrictions to advertising Land-based No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions
1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 from 1/1997 to 3/2010
Online Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to
3/2010 3/2010 3/2010 3/2010 3/2010
Age of legal market (in Land-based More Than 50 More Than 50 6 to 10 More Than 50 6 to 10
years)
Online No No No No No
Age of state revenues from N/A Yes; More Than 50
gambling proceeds (in
years)
Ear-marked money for N/A No
problem gambling from
gambling proceeds; since
when; allocated to specific
purposes
Money otherwise provided N/A No
by state to deal with prob-
lem gambling
24

28. Hungary Sportsbetting Lottery Poker Table Games EGM
Question Context
Kind of licensing system Land-based Closed Licensing System from Closed Licensing System from Open Licensing System from Open Licensing System from Open Licensing System
1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 from 1/1997 to 3/2010
Online Closed Licensing System from Closed Licensing System from Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to
1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 3/2010 3/2010 3/2010
Prohibition to play for Land-based Prohibition from 6/1999 to Prohibition from 6/1999 to Prohibition from 6/1999 to Prohibition from 6/1999 to Prohibition from 6/1999 to
individuals (fines, imprison- 3/2010 3/2010 3/2010 3/2010 3/2010
ment)
Online Prohibition from 6/1999 to Prohibition from 6/1999 to Prohibition from 6/1999 to Prohibition from 6/1999 to Prohibition from 6/1999 to
3/2010 3/2010 3/2010 3/2010 3/2010
Minimum age to play Land-based 18 18 18 18 18
Online 18 18 18 18 18
Restrictions to advertising Land-based Some Restrictions from Some Restrictions from Some Restrictions from Some Restrictions from Some Restrictions from
6/2008 to 3/2010 6/2008 to 3/2010 6/2008 to 3/2010 6/2008 to 3/2010 6/2008 to 3/2010
Online Some Restrictions from Some Restrictions from Some Restrictions from Some Restrictions from Some Restrictions from
6/2008 to 3/2010 6/2008 to 3/2010 6/2008 to 3/2010 6/2008 to 3/2010 6/2008 to 3/2010
Age of legal market (in Land-based 31 to 50 More Than 50 16 to 20 16 to 20 16 to 20
years)
Online 16 to 20 16 to 20 16 to 20 16 to 20 16 to 20
Age of state revenues from N/A Yes; More Than 50
gambling proceeds (in
years)
Ear-marked money for N/A No
problem gambling from
gambling proceeds; since
when; allocated to specific
purposes
Money otherwise provided N/A
by state to deal with prob-
lem gambling
25

29. Iceland Sportsbetting Lottery Poker Table Games EGM
Question Context
Kind of licensing system Land-based Closed Licensing System from Closed Licensing System from Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Closed Licensing System
1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 3/2010 3/2010 from 1/1997 to 3/2010
Online Closed Licensing System from Closed Licensing System from Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Closed Licensing System
1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2011 3/2010 3/2010 from 1/1997 to 3/2010
Prohibition to play for Land-based No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to No from 1/1997 to 3/2010
individuals (fines, imprison- 3/2010 3/2010
ment)
Online No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to No from 1/1997 to 3/2010
3/2010 3/2010
Minimum age to play Land-based No Minimum Age No Minimum Age No Minimum Age No Minimum Age 16
Online No Minimum Age No Minimum Age No Minimum Age No Minimum Age 16
Restrictions to advertising Land-based No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to No Specific Restrictions
1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 3/2010 3/2010 from 1/1997 to 3/2010
Online No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to No Specific Restrictions
1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 3/2010 3/2010 from 1/1997 to 3/2010
Age of legal market (in Land-based More Than 50 31 to 50 No No 26 to 30
years)
Online 6 to 10 6 to 10 No No No
Age of state revenues from N/A No
gambling proceeds (in
years)
Ear-marked money for N/A
problem gambling from
gambling proceeds; since
when; allocated to specific
purposes
Money otherwise provided N/A
by state to deal with prob-
lem gambling
26

30. Ireland Sportsbetting Lottery Poker Table Games EGM
Question Context
Kind of licensing system Land-based Open Licensing System from Open Licensing System from No License Required from No License Required from Closed Licensing System
1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 from 1/1997 to 3/2010
Online Open Licensing System from Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to
1/1997 to 3/2010 3/2010 3/2010 3/2010 3/2010
Prohibition to play for Land-based No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010
individuals (fines, imprison-
ment)
Online No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010
Minimum age to play Land-based 18 18 No Minimum Age No Minimum Age No Minimum Age
Online 18 No Minimum Age No Minimum Age No Minimum Age No Minimum Age
Restrictions to advertising Land-based No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions
1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 from 1/1997 to 3/2010
Online No Specific Restrictions from Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to
1/1997 to 3/2010 3/2010 3/2010 3/2010 3/2010
Age of legal market (in Land-based More Than 50 More Than 50 More Than 50 More Than 50 More Than 50
years)
Online ? No No No No
Age of state revenues from N/A Yes; More Than 50
gambling proceeds (in
years)
Ear-marked money for N/A No
problem gambling from
gambling proceeds; since
when; allocated to specific
purposes
Money otherwise provided N/A
by state to deal with prob-
lem gambling
27

31. Italy Sportsbetting Lottery Poker Table Games EGM
Question Context
Kind of licensing system Land-based Public Monopoly from Closed Licensing System from Closed Licensing System from Closed Licensing System Closed Licensing System
1/1997 to 6/1999; Closed Li- 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 5/2007; Open Li- from 1/1997 to 3/2010 from 1/1997 to 5/2007;
censing System from 7/1999 censing System from 6/2007 Open Licensing System
to 3/2010 to 3/2010 from 6/2007 to 3/2010
Online Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 Prohibition from 1/1997
8/2006; Closed Licensing Sys- 8/2006; Closed Licensing Sys- 6/2007; Closed Licensing Sys- to 6/2007; Closed Licens- to 4/2004; Closed Licens-
tem from 9/2006 to 3/2010 tem from 9/2006 to 3/2010 tem from 7/2007 to 3/2010 ing System from 7/2007 to ing System from 5/2004 to
3/2010 3/2010
Prohibition to play for Land-based No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 Yes from 1/1997 to
individuals (fines, imprison- 4/2004; No from 5/2004 to
ment) 3/2010
Online Yes from 1/1997 to 8/2006; Yes from 1/1997 to 8/2006; Yes from 1/1997 to 6/2007; Yes from 1/1997 to 6/2007; Yes from 1/1997 to
No from 9/2006 to 3/2010 No from 9/2006 to 3/2010 No from 7/2007 to 3/2010 No from 7/2007 to 3/2010 4/2004; No from 5/2004 to
3/2010
Minimum age to play Land-based 18 18 18 18 18
Online 18 18 18 18 18
Restrictions to advertising Land-based No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions
1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 from 1/1997 to 3/2010
Online Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997
8/2006; No Specific Restric- 8/2006; No Specific Restric- 6/2007; No Specific Restric- 6/2007; No Specific Restric- to 4/2004; No Specific
tion from 9/2006 to 3/2010 tion from 9/2006 to 3/2010 tion from 7/2007 to 3/2010 tion from 7/2007 to 3/2010 Restriction from 5/2004 to
3/2010
Age of legal market (in Land-based More Than 50 More Than 50 More Than 50 More Than 50 6 to 10
years)
Online 3 to 5 3 to 5 3 to 5 0 6 to 10
Age of state revenues from N/A Yes; More Than 50
gambling proceeds (in
years)
Ear-marked money for N/A No
problem gambling from
gambling proceeds; since
when; allocated to specific
purposes
Money otherwise provided N/A
by state to deal with prob-
lem gambling
28

32. Jersey Sportsbetting Lottery Poker Table Games EGM
Question Context
Kind of licensing system Land-based Closed Licensing System from Public Monopoly from Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Open Licensing System
1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 3/2010 3/2010 from 1/1997 to 3/2010
Online Open Licensing System from Open Licensing System from Open Licensing System from Open Licensing System from Open Licensing System
2/2008 to 3/2010 2/2008 to 3/2010 2/2008 to 3/2010 2/2008 to 3/2010 from 2/2008 to 3/2010
Prohibition to play for Land-based No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to No from 1/1997 to 3/2010
individuals (fines, imprison- 3/2010 3/2010
ment)
Online No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010
Minimum age to play Land-based 18 18 18 18 18
Online 18 18 18 18 18
Restrictions to advertising Land-based Prohibition from 1/1997 from No Specific Restrictions from Prohibition from 1/1997 from Prohibition from 1/1997 Prohibition from 1/1997
3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 3/2010 from 3/2010 from 3/2010
Online No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions
1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 from 1/1997 to 3/2010
Age of legal market (in Land-based 31 to 50 31 to 50 31 to 50 31 to 50 31 to 50
years)
Online 0 0 0 0 0
Age of state revenues from N/A Yes; 31 to 50
gambling proceeds (in
years)
Ear-marked money for N/A No
problem gambling from
gambling proceeds; since
when; allocated to specific
purposes
Money otherwise provided N/A Don’t know
by state to deal with prob-
lem gambling
29

33. Latvia Sportsbetting Lottery Poker Table Games EGM
Question Context
Kind of licensing system Land-based Open Licensing System from Public Monopoly from Open Licensing System from Open Licensing System from Open Licensing System
1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 from 1/1997 to 3/2010
Online Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 Prohibition from 1/1997
12/2005; Open Licensing Sys- 12/2005; Public Monopoly 12/2005; Open Licensing Sys- to 12/2005; Open Licens- to 12/2005; Open Licens-
tem from 1/2006 to 3/2010 from 1/2006 to 3/2010 tem from 1/2006 to 3/2010 ing System from 1/2006 to ing System from 1/2006 to
3/2010 3/2010
Prohibition to play for Land-based No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010
individuals (fines, imprison-
ment)
Online No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010
Minimum age to play Land-based 18 18 18 18 18
Online 18 18 18 18 18
Restrictions to advertising Land-based No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions
1/1997 to 12/2005 ; Prohibi- 1/1997 to 12/2005 ; Prohibi- 1/1997 to 12/2005 ; Prohibi- 1/1997 to 12/2005 ; Prohibi- from 1/1997 to 12/2005 ;
tion from 1/2006 to 3/2010 tion from 1/2006 to 3/2010 tion from 1/2006 to 3/2010 tion from 1/2006 to 3/2010 Prohibition from 1/2006 to
3/2010
Online No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions
1/1997 to 12/2005 ; Prohibi- 1/1997 to 12/2005 ; Prohibi- 1/1997 to 12/2005 ; Prohibi- 1/1997 to 12/2005 ; Prohibi- from 1/1997 to 12/2005 ;
tion from 1/2006 to 3/2010 tion from 1/2006 to 3/2010 tion from 1/2006 to 3/2010 tion from 1/2006 to 3/2010 Prohibition from 1/2006 to
3/2010
Age of legal market (in Land-based 16 to 20 16 to 20 16 to 20 11 to 15 11 to 15
years)
Online 3 to 5 3 to 5 3 to 5 3 to 5 3 to 5
Age of state revenues from N/A Yes; 11 to 15
gambling proceeds (in
years)
Ear-marked money for N/A No
problem gambling from
gambling proceeds; since
when; allocated to specific
purposes
Money otherwise provided N/A Yes; Unspecified [no date indicated]
by state to deal with prob-
lem gambling
30

34. Liechtenstein Sportsbetting Lottery Poker Table Games EGM
Question Context
Kind of licensing system Land-based Public Monopoly from Public Monopoly from Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to
1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 3/2010 3/2010 3/2010
Online Public Monopoly from Public Monopoly from Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to
1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 3/2010 3/2010 3/2010
Prohibition to play for Land-based No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010
individuals (fines, imprison-
ment)
Online No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010
Minimum age to play Land-based No Minimum Age No Minimum Age No Minimum Age No Minimum Age No Minimum Age
Online No Minimum Age No Minimum Age No Minimum Age No Minimum Age No Minimum Age
Restrictions to advertising Land-based No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions
1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 from 1/1997 to 3/2010
Online No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions
1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 from 1/1997 to 3/2010
Age of legal market (in Land-based 31 to 50 31 to 50 No No No
years)
Online No 11 to 15 No No No
Age of state revenues from N/A No
gambling proceeds (in
years)
Ear-marked money for N/A
problem gambling from
gambling proceeds; since
when; allocated to specific
purposes
Money otherwise provided N/A
by state to deal with prob-
lem gambling
31

35. Lithuania Sportsbetting Lottery Poker Table Games EGM
Question Context
Kind of licensing system Land-based Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 Prohibition from 1/1997
6/2001; Open Licensing Sys- 6/2001; Open Licensing Sys- 6/2001; Closed Licensing Sys- to 6/2001; Closed Licens- to 6/2001; Open Licensing
tem from 7/2001 to 3/2010 tem from 7/2001 to 3/2010 tem from 7/2001 to 3/2010 ing System from 7/2001 to System from 7/2001 to
3/2010 3/2010
Online Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to
3/2010 3/2010 3/2010 3/2010 3/2010
Prohibition to play for Land-based No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010
individuals (fines, imprison-
ment)
Online No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010
Minimum age to play Land-based 18 No Minimum Age 21 21 18
Online No Minimum Age No Minimum Age No Minimum Age No Minimum Age No Minimum Age
Restrictions to advertising Land-based Some Restrictions from No Specific Restrictions from Some Restrictions from Some Restrictions from Some Restrictions from
1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010
Online Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to Prohibition from 1/1997 to
3/2010 3/2010 3/2010 3/2010 3/2010
Age of legal market (in Land-based 6 to 10 6 to 10 6 to 10 6 to 10 6 to 10
years)
Online No No No No No
Age of state revenues from N/A Yes; 6 to 10
gambling proceeds (in
years)
Ear-marked money for N/A No
problem gambling from
gambling proceeds; since
when; allocated to specific
purposes
Money otherwise provided N/A
by state to deal with prob-
lem gambling
32

36. Luxembourg Sportsbetting Lottery Poker Table Games EGM
Question Context
Kind of licensing system Land-based Closed Licensing System from Closed Licensing System from Closed Licensing System from Closed Licensing System Closed Licensing System
1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 2/2002; No Licence from 1/1997 to 3/2010 from 1/1997 to 3/2010
Required from 3/2002 to
3/2010
Online Closed Licensing System from Closed Licensing System from Closed Licensing System from Closed Licensing System Closed Licensing System
1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 from 1/1997 to 3/2010 from 1/1997 to 3/2010
Prohibition to play for Land-based No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010
individuals (fines, imprison-
ment)
Online No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010 No from 1/1997 to 3/2010
Minimum age to play Land-based 18 18 18 18 18
Online 18 18 18 18 18
Restrictions to advertising Land-based Some Restrictions from Some Restrictions from Some Restrictions from Some Restrictions from Some Restrictions from
1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010
Online Some Restrictions from Some Restrictions from Some Restrictions from Some Restrictions from Some Restrictions from
1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010 1/1997 to 3/2010
Age of legal market (in Land-based 21 to 25 More Than 50 26 to 30 26 to 30 21 to 25
years)
Online No No No No No
Age of state revenues from N/A Yes; More Than 50
gambling proceeds (in
years)
Ear-marked money for N/A No
problem gambling from
gambling proceeds; since
when; allocated to specific
purposes
Money otherwise provided N/A
by state to deal with prob-
lem gambling
33