Exadata x3 workshop

Oracle Software on Oracle
Hardware: Exadata

Fran Navarro
Principal Sales Consultant
Oct - 2013
1

Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights
reserved.

Confidential - Oracle Restricted

ENGINEERED
TO WORK TOGETHER

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Transforming the Data Center
From Best in Class to Engineered Systems

Best-of-Breed Products

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Oracle Optimized Solutions


Engineered Systems

A NEW ERA: ORACLE ENGINEERED SYSTEMS
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE ENGINEERED TO WORK TOGETHER

Before
Before

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Now
Now


A FULLY INTEGRATED SYSTEM

Engineered
Certified
Deployed
Supported

Tested
Packaged
Upgraded
Managed

TOGETHER

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GROUNDBREAKING TIME TO MARKET
FEWER PIECES TO BUY, DEPLOY & MAINTAIN

100’s of Components
1000’s of Hours

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


1 Machine
1 Day

Exadata Unified Workload Transformation

Single Machine for…
• Data Warehousing
• OLTP
• Database Cloud
OLTP with Analytics and
OLTP with Analytics and
Parallelism of Warehousing
Parallelism of Warehousing
Warehousing with Interactivity,
Warehousing with Interactivity,
Availability, and Security of OLTP
Availability, and Security of OLTP
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Exadata Database Machine
• Designed to be the best platform for Oracle Database
• Integrates and optimizes servers, storage, network
– Using high-volume servers in a scale-out architecture
– Flash-optimized

• Special software brings database intelligence to
storage, flash, and networking
– To deliver extreme performance and data compression

• Deployments are fast, reliable, and supportable
• Optimal for all database workloads
– OLTP, Data Warehousing, and Database Clouds

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Exadata Evolution
State-of-the-Art,
State-of-the-Art,
Scale-out Hardware
Scale-out Hardware

• X3-2 8-core Servers

• Storage Expansion Rack
• X2-8 CPU Refresh
• 2TB DRAM per node
• X2-2 Servers

• Exadata V1
Introduced

• Write-back Flash cache

• V2 Servers
• 40 Gb InfiniBand
• PCI Flash Cards
• Smart Flash Logging

Unique Software
Unique Software
Integration
Integration

• Hardware DB Encryption
• Automatic Service Request
• Data Mining Offload

• Smart Scan
• InfiniBand Scaleout

2008
9

• Smart Flash Cache
• Storage Index
• Columnar Compression

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2010

2011

2012

1000s of Deployments at Leading Companies
Half are Warehouses, Half are OLTP or Mixed Workloads

 Petabyte Warehouses
 Online Financial Trading
 E-Commerce Sites
 Consolidation of 100s of

Databases

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Exadata Architecture

Complete Database platform using standard servers for Compute and Storage
Scale-Out Database Servers
• 2-socket or 8-socket Xeon database servers
• Oracle Database, ASM, RAC; Linux or Solaris
• Standard Ethernet to data center
Scale-Out Intelligent Storage Servers
• 2-socket storage servers, Exadata Storage Software
• Up to 500 terabytes disk per rack
• 56 PCI Flash memory cards per rack
InfiniBand Network
• Unified internal connectivity ( 40 Gb/sec )
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Exadata Storage Server Building Block
• High-performance storage server built from
industry standard components
• 12 disks - 600 GB 15000 RPM High
Performance SAS or 3TB 7200 RPM High
Capacity SAS
• 2 Six-Core Intel Xeon Processors (E5-2630L)
• Dual ported 40 Gb/sec InfiniBand
• 4 x 400 GB Flash Cards
• Intelligent Exadata Storage Server Software

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Exadata Intelligent Storage
 Exadata storage servers also run more complex

operations in storage
– Join filtering

– Incremental backup filtering
– I/O prioritization

Exadata Intelligent
Storage Grid

– Storage Indexing
– Database level security
– Offloaded scans on encrypted data
– Data Mining Model Scoring

 10x reduction in data sent to DB servers

is common

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Exadata Data Processing Transformations
Extreme Performance at Lowest Cost
• Smart Scale-Out Storage
– InfiniBand connected servers
– Smart Scan query offload

+

+

• Hybrid Columnar Compression
–
–
–
–

Faster Analytics
Huge Space Savings
10x compression for warehouses
15x compression for archives

+
uncompressed

• Smart Scale-Out PCI Flash
Caching
– Accelerates I/O up to 30x

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Space Savings
Cascade to
Database Copies


compress
primary DB

Exadata Hybrid Columnar Compression

Highest Capacity, Lowest Cost
• Data is organized and compressed by column
• Dramatically better compression

Query

• Speed Optimized Query Mode for Data
Warehousing
• 10X compression typical
• Runs faster because of Exadata offload!

• Space Optimized Archival Mode for
infrequently accessed data
Faster and Simpler
Faster and Simpler
Backup, DR, Caching,
Backup, DR, Caching,
Reorg, Clone
Reorg, Clone
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• 15X to 50X compression typical

Benefits Multiply

Compression Ratio of Real-World Data
• Compression Ratio varies by
customer and table
• Trials were run on largest table
at 10 ultra large companies
• Average revenue > $60 BB

• Average Query Compression
ratio was 13x
• On top of Oracle’s already
highly efficient format
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Smart Scans
• Exadata cells implement smart scans
to greatly reduce the data that needs
to be processed by the database
– Only return relevant rows and columns
– Offload predicate evaluation

• Data reduction is usually large
– Column and row reduction often decrease
data to be returned to the database by 10x

• Join filtering
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Storage Index
• Exadata maintains summary information about table data
in memory
– Store min/max values of columns
– Typically one index entry for MB of disk

• Eliminates IO when MIN/MAX can never match the
“where” clause of the query

Table

Index

Min B=1
Max B=5

• Completely automatic and transparent
• Example: select count(*) from table where B=1;
• Used in Joins with bloom filter sending min/max
• Useful for correlated columns like ship_date and
order_date
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Min B=3
Max B=8

Exadata X3 Database In-Memory Machine
• X3 mass memory hierarchy delivers extreme performance
– Automatically moves all active data from disk to memory

2 or 4 TB
DRAM
Hottest Data

• DRAM memory expanded to 2 or 4 TB for hottest data
– 4 to 40 TB of compressed user data

22 TB PCI
FLASH
Active Data

• Flash memory expanded 4X to 22 TB per rack

500 TB
DISK

• Comparable to 15,000 disk drives in 150 array frames
Cold Data

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– 40 to 200 TB of compressed user data – ALL active data
– 1.5 Million SQL random read I/Os per second for OLTP

reserved.

– 100 GB/sec SQL data scan rate for reporting and warehouses
• Comparable to 1,000 disk drives in 10 array frames

Exadata Smart Flash Cache Write-Back
Writes I/Os

• Caches Write I/Os in PCI flash in addition to Read I/Os
• Transparently accelerates write intensive workloads
– 20X more write IOPS than disk on X3
– 10X more write IOPs than disk on V2 and X2

1 Million 8K
Write IOPs
from SQL

• Persistent write cache speeds database recovery
• Exadata Flash Cache is much more effective than flash
tiering architectures used by others
– Caches current hot data, not yesterday’s
– Caches data in granules 8x to 16x smaller than tiering
• Greatly improves the effectiveness of flash

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Writeback Flash Cache
Storage cell

Database Node

Storage cell

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Storage cell

Hard disk

Database Node

Flash
Storage cell

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Storage cell

Database Node

Disks are not mirrored to each other

Storage cell

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Storage cell

Database Node

Allocation units (4MB) are mirrored

Ignore variable extents for a little while

Storage cell

Blocks in picture are say 8k blocks

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Storage cell

Database Node

Start Update andBackup
Database yellow
Update blue green

Green, blue, and yellow now in flash
Storage cell moves it into Flash
Database backup reads
green,on disk is stale from
Block blue, and yellow
flash and black from disk

Storage cell

New IO to have served backup
No needrequestsany newfrom flash
strategy
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Storage cell

Database Node

Update green, read blue
Green is updated in flash on both
storage cells
Blue is read from flash from
primary storage cell

Storage cell

A block can stay for months or
years in flash if it is active
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Storage cell

Database Node

Read blue, read lots of other
blocks but not yellow or green

Yellow and Green sent back to
disk on both cells
Blue written back only on
secondary copy

Storage cell

Only primary copy in cache for
smart usage of premium flash
space
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Writeback Flash Cache – Reads with failure
Storage cell

Database Node

Disks are still online in v$asm_disk
Read black from cell with failed flash
Black read from hard disk on storage

Storage cell

Read yellow from cell with failed flash
Special IO error redirects read to
mirror copy on another storage cell
Transparent to
application
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Exadata Smart Flash Cache Compression
• Exadata automatically Compresses all
data in Smart Flash Cache
–
–
–
–

Compression engine built into flash card
Zero performance overhead on reads and writes
Logical size of flash cache increases upto 2x
User gets large amount of data in flash for same
media size
– Enabled via “cellcli –e alter cell
flashCacheCompression=TRUE”
– Elasticity of flash cache is completely automatic
and transparent
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X3-2 Database Servers
2 Eight-Core Intel® Xeon® 2.9 GHz E5-2690 CPUs
• 256 GB (16 x 16GB)
• On-board 4 x 1GbE/10GbE Base-T Ethernet
• 2 x 10GbE SFP+ PCIe Ethernet card
• Dual-port InfiniBand QDR (40 Gb/s) HCA
• 4 x 2.5” 300GB Disk Drives
• Disk Controller HBA with 512 MB BBWC
• Redundant Power Supplies, Fans
• ILOM
•

Installed Software:
• Oracle Database 11.2, 12.1
• Oracle UEK Linux or Solaris 11
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InfiniBand Network
• Unified InfiniBand Network
• Storage Network
• RAC Interconnect
• External Connectivity (optional)

• High Performance, Low Latency Network
• 80 Gb/s bandwidth per link (40 Gb/s each direction)
• Zero-copy Zero-loss Datagram Protocol (ZDP RDSv3)
• SAN-like Efficiency (Zero copy, buffer reservation)
• Linux Open Source, Low CPU overhead (Transfer 3 GB/s with less
than 2% CPU usage)
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Best-in-Class Technology: Transparent Storage
Optimization





Smart Flash

HCC

Hybrid Columnar
Compression



Smart Scan

HOT
HOT
Smart Flash Cache
Smart Flash Log
Flash Disk

WARM
WARM

10:1
Compression expands
Flash capacity by 10x
Scale-out storage allows
56 Flash cards per rack

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COLD
COLD

Smart Flash Caching
boosts Flash capacity


CPU offload enables
processing data at full
Flash bandwidth

Comprehensive Resource Management
• Unique Workload-based allocation of
1. CPU Resources
2. Network resources
3. I/O Resources
• Prioritize from the application to the database, O/S,
network and storage – allocated to services, modules,
actions or users
• Simplify, Standardize, Optimize
All Workloads, All Applications
All Workloads, All Applications

Lower Costs
Lower Costs
Increase Utilization
Increase Utilization
Reduce Management
Reduce Management

SAP, Siebel, PeopleSoft, JDE,
SAP, Siebel, PeopleSoft, JDE,
E-business Suite, Fusion
E-business Suite, Fusion
Applications
Applications
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Exadata Hardware – Highly Redundant
No Single point of failure

 Two Redundant Power Distribution Units (PDUs) for rack

level power
 Each database server, storage server, InfiniBand switch

has redundant hot-swap power supplies
 Disk drives, fans are hot-swap.
 RAC provides protection against database server failures
 ASM provides protections against storage server failures
 InfiniBand network highly redundant – can tolerate loss of
entire switch or connections without affecting performance

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Start Small and Grow
Field Upgradeable

Eighth Rack

Quarter Rack

Half Rack

Full Rack

Unique Architecture Makes it Fastest at the Lowest Cost
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Scale to 18 Racks by Just Adding Cables
Full Bandwidth and Redundancy

Scale to more than 18 Racks by adding InfiniBand switches
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Exadata Database Machine Hardware Summary
X3-8 Full

X3-2 Full

X3-2 Half

X3-2 Quarter

X3-2 Eighth

2

8

4

2

2

Database Grid Cores

160

128

64

32

16

Database Grid Memory (GB)

4096

2048

1024

512

512)

InfiniBand switches

3

3

3

2

2

Ethernet switch

1

1

1

1

1

Exadata Storage Servers

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14

7

3

3

Storage Grid CPU Cores

168

168

84

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22.4 TB

22.4 TB

11.2 TB

4.8 TB

2.4 TB

High Perf

100 TB

100 TB

50 TB

21.6 TB

10.8 TB

High Cap

504 TB

504 TB

252 TB

108 TB

54 TB

High Perf

45 TB

45 TB

22.5 TB

9.5 TB

4.5 TB

High Cap

224 TB

224 TB

112 TB

48 TB

23 TB

High Perf

30 TB

30 TB

15 TB

6.5 TB

3.25 TB

High Cap

150 TB

150 TB

75 TB

32 TB

16 TB

Database Servers

Raw Flash Capacity
Raw Storage Capacity

Usable mirrored capacity
Usable Triple mirrored
capacity

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Database Machine IO Performance
X3-2 or X3-8
Full Rack

X3-2
Half Rack

X3-2
Quarter

X3-2
Eighth

Disk Data
Bandwidth1,3

High Perf Disk

25 GB/s

12.5 GB/s

5.4 GB/s

2.7 GB/s

High Cap Disk

18 GB/s

9 GB/s

4 GB/s

2 GB/s

Flash Cache
Data Bandwidth1,3

High Perf Disk

100 GB/s

50 GB/s

21.5 GB/s

10.7 GB/s

High Cap Disk

93 GB/s

46.5 GB/s

20 GB/s

10 GB/s

High Perf Disk

50,000

25,000

10,800

5,400

High Cap Disk

28,000

14,000

6,000

3,000

8K Reads

1,500,000

750,000

375,000

187,000

8K Writes

1,000,000

500,000

250,000

125,000

16 TB/hr

8 TB/hr

4 TB/hr

2 TB/hr

Disk IOPS
Flash IOPS2,3
Data Load Rate4

1 - Bandwidth is peak physical scan bandwidth achieved running SQL, assuming no compression. Effective data bandwidth will be much higher when
compression is factored in.
2 - IOPS – Based on read IO requests of size 8K running SQL. Note that the IO size greatly effects flash IOPS. Others quote IOPS based on 2K, 4K or
smaller IOs that are not relevant for databases. Exadata Flash read IOPS are so high they are typically limited by database server CPU, not IO.
3- Actual Performance varies by application.
4 – Exadata load rates are typically limited by database server CPU, not IO. Rates vary based on load method, indexes, data types, compression, and
partitioning
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Database Machine Capacity (Uncompressed)
X3-8 or X3-2
Full
Raw Disk Capacity

X3-2
Half

X3-2
Quarter

X3-2
Eighth

High Perf Disk

100 TB

50 TB

21.6 TB

10.8 TB

High Cap Disk

504 TB

252 TB

108 TB

54 TB

22.4 TB

11.2 TB

4.8 TB

2.4 TB

Raw Flash Capacity1
Usable Mirrored
Capacity 1,2

High Perf Disk

45 TB

22.5 TB

9.5 TB

4.5 TB

High Cap Disk

224 TB

112 TB

48 TB

23 TB

Usable Triple
Mirrored Capacity1,3

High Perf Disk

30 TB

15 TB

6.5 TB

3.25 TB

High Cap Disk

150 TB

75 TB

32 TB

16 TB

1- Raw Disk Capacity defined using standard disk drive terminology of 1 TB = 1000 * 1000 * 1000 * 1000 bytes.
2- Capacity calculated using normal space terminology of 1 TB = 1024 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024 bytes.
3 - Actual space available for a database after mirroring (ASM normal redundancy) and allowing one disk (Quarter
and Half) or two disks (Full Rack) of free space to automatically remirror after disk failures.
4 - Actual space available for the database computed after triple mirroring (ASM high redundancy).
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Exadata Database Machine X3-2 Eighth Rack
Entry Level Configuration

• 2 Xeon-based Dual-processor Database Servers
– 16 cores (8 per server)
– 512 GB memory (256 GB per server)
– 10 Gig E-connectivity to Data Center
• 10 x 10Gb E-ports (5 per server)
• 2.4 TB High Speed Flash
• 3 Exadata Storage Servers X3-2
– All with High Performance 6 x 600GB SAS disks
OR
– All with High Capacity 6 x 3 TB SAS disks

• 2 Sun Datacenter InfiniBand Switch 36

– 36-port Managed QDR (40Gb/s) switch
• 1 “Admin” Ethernet switch
• Redundant Power Distributions Units (PDUs)
Upgradable via software to Quarter Rack

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Exadata Database Machine X3-2 Quarter Rack
Pre-Configured for Extreme Performance

OR


Upgradable to Half Rack

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Exadata Database Machine X3-2 Half Rack
Pre-Configured for Extreme Performance

OR


Upgradable to Full Rack

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Exadata Management

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Exadata Storage Management & Administration
• Enterprise Manager
– Manage & administer Database and ASM
– Monitor the Exadata Database Machine Hardware

• Auto Service Request (ASR)
– File SRs automatically for common hardware faults

• Comprehensive CLI
– Local Exadata Storage cell management
– Distributed shell utility to execute CLI across multiple cells

• Embedded Integrated Lights Out Manager (ILOM)
– Remote management and administration of hardware
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Enterprise Manager 12c
Integrated H/W + S/W management for Exadata
• Hardware view
• Schematic of cells, compute nodes and
switches
• Hardware components alerts

• Software/system view
• Performance, availability, usage by
databases, services, clusters
• Software alerts db, cluster, ASM
• Topology view of DB systems/clusters

• Configuration view
• Version summary of all components
along with patch recommendations
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Automated Service Request (ASR)
FRU replaced by
Field Engineer
Oracle Field
Engineer

!

FRU
dispatched
by Support
Engineer

Fault occurs

SR routed to
SR routed to
Support
Support
Engineer
Engineer

Customer
SR creation email
SR creation email
notification to customer
notification to customer
ASR
Fault telemetry securely
Fault telemetry securely
ASR
Manager
transmitted to Oracle
Manager
transmitted to Oracle
Product’s auto-diagnosis
facility sends SNMP trap to ASR
Manager

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ASR
ASR
Service
Service
Service Request
created

Comprehensive
Fault Coverage
•CPU
•Disk controllers
•Disks
•Flash Cards
•Flash modules
•InfiniBand
•Cards
•Memory
•System Board
•Power supplies
•Fans

Oracle Support for Performance and Availability
ORACLE PLATINUM SERVICES
High Availability Services.
No Additional Cost.

Complete. Integrated. Proactive.
• 24/7 support coverage
• Specialized Engineered Systems Support Team
• 2-hour onsite response to hardware issues
• New updates and upgrades for Database,
Server, Storage, and OS software

1

 Better support for the complete Oracle stack
– Includes higher support levels for Database software

 24/7 Oracle remote fault monitoring
 Industry-leading response times:
– 5 Minute Fault Notification
– 15 Minute Restoration or Escalation to Development
– 30 Minute Joint Debugging with Development

 Patch deployment by Oracle engineers
Covered system must be within an Oracle two-hour service area to receive two-hour
response as a standard service.
1

Available now for certified configurations on Oracle
SuperCluster

Oracle engineers perform patching services up to four times per year
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ORACLE INFRASTRUCTURE AS A SERVICE (IAAS)
ON PREMISE WITH CAPACITY ON DEMAND
• Engineered Systems hardware & hardware
support for a monthly fee
 No upfront capital expenditure, OPEX not CAPEX
 Usually lower total cost than purchasing system

• On Premise
 Deploys behind customer’s firewall
 Control and visibility over the system

• Elastic Compute Capacity on Demand1
 For peak workloads and high availability
 Pay only when needed

• Oracle Platinum and PlatinumPlus Services2
 Higher level of support including patching services
 Quarterly advisory services for system security,
performance, and availability

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1.
Eligible systems include Oracle Exadata, Exalogic, Exalytics and SPARC SuperCluster.
2.

Eligible systems include Oracle Exadata, Exalogic, and SPARC SuperCluster.

Benefits to IT | Business Benefits
Simplify IT

Work Faster & Smarter

2-Day Deployment

Real-Time BI

Near Real-Time Batch

Deploy in Days

Administer with Less

Real-Time BI

Near Real-Time Batch

1-800-SUPPORT

Standard Configurations

Global Scale OLTP

Deeper Analytics

1-800-SUPPORT

50

Less Administration

Consolidate|Standardize

Internet-Scale OLTP

Deeper Analysis

reserved.


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