1. ICONOGRAPHY OF JESUS CHRIST

2. THE PASSION CYCLE

3. Entry into Jerusalem Title: Entry into Jerusalem Artist: Giotto di Bondone Date: 1,267-1,337 CE Medium: Oil Painting Jesus, riding an ass, and his disciples enter Jerusalem in triumph. Crowds honor them, spreading clothes and palm fronds in their path.

4. The Last Supper During the Passover meal, Jesus reveals his impending death to his disciples. Instructing them to drink wine (his Blood) and eat bread (his Body) in remembrance of him, he lays the foundation for the Christian Eucharist (Mass): Artist: Leonardo da Vinci Title: The Last Supper Date: 1,495-1,498 CE

5. Jesus Washing the Apostles’ Feet After the Last Supper, Jesus washes the apostles’ feet to set an example of humility. Peter, embarrassed, protests. Title: Jesus Washing Peter's Feet from The Small Passion Series Artist: Albrecht Dürer Date: 1,508-1,509 CE Medium: Small Woodcut Source: British Museum, London.

6. In the Garden of Gethsemane on the Mount of Olives, Jesus struggles between his human fear of pain and death and his divine strength to overcome them ( agon is Greek for “contest”). The apostles sleep nearby, obliviously. Artist: El Greco Title: The Agony in the Garden. Date: 1,605-1,610 CE Museum: Oil Painting Source: Szepmuveseti Muzeum, Budapest, Hungary The Agony in the Garden

7. Betrayal (The Arrest) Judas Iscariot, a disciple, accepts a bribe to point Jesus out to his enemies. Judas brings an armed crowd to Gethsemane and kisses Jesus (a prearranged signal). Peter attempts to defend Jesus from the Roman soldiers who seize him. Title: Betrayal of Jesus Artist: Duccio di Buoninsegna Date: 1,308-1,311 CE Source: the Maesta Altarpiece, Siena Cathedral Medium: Tempera and Gold on Wood Panel

8. Jesus is taken to the Jewish high priest, Caiaphas, to be interrogated for claiming to be the Messiah. Peter follows, and there he three times denies knowing Jesus, as Jesus had predicted. Title: Peter Denying Christ Artist: Rembrandt Date: 1,660 CE Medium: Oil on Canvas The Denial of Peter

10. The Flagellation (The Scourging) Jesus is whipped by his Roman captors. Title: The Flagellation of Our Lord Jesus Christ Artist: William-Adolphe Bouguereau Date: 1,880 CE

11. Pilate’s soldiers torment Jesus. They dress him in royal robes, crown him with thorns and kneel before him, sarcastically hailing him as king of the Jews. Title: From f.51r of MS K.21, Canticles, Hymns and Passion of Christ Date: late 13 th – early 14 th century CE Medium: Vellum Source: St. Augustine's Canterbury Jesus Crowned with Thorns (The Mockery of Jesus)

13. CRUCIFIXION Title: Page from the Rabbula Gospels , from Beth Zagba, Syria. Date: 586 CE Medium: Illuminated Manuscript Source: Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Florence. Earliest representations show either a cross alone or a cross and a lamb. Later depictions include some or all of the following details: 2 criminals (1 penitent, the other not) are crucified alongside Jesus; Virgin Mary, John the Evangelist; Mary Magdalene, and others mourn at the foot of the cross; Roman soldiers torment Jesus – one extends a sponge on a pole with vinegar instead of water for him to drink, another stabs him in the side with a spear, and other gamble for his clothes; a skull identifies the execution ground as Golgotha, “the place of the skull” where Adam was buried, symbolizing the promise of redemption.

15. Jesus' sorrowful followers gather around his body. An image of the Virgin mourning alone with Jesus across her lap is known as a pietá (from the Latin pietas , “compassion”). Artist: Giotto di Bondone (1,267- 1,337 CE) Title: Lamentation Date: 1,304-1,306 CE Medium: Fresco Size: 200 x 185 cm Location: Cappella Scrovegni (Arena Chapel), Padua The Lamentation (Pietá)

16. The Entombment Jesus’ mother and friends place his body in a nearby sarcophagus, or rock tomb. This is done hastily because the Jewish Sabbath is near. Title: The Entombment Artist: Peter Paul Rubens Date: 1,612 CE Medium: Oil on Canvas Source: The Getty Center Los Angeles This is the moment after the Crucifixion and before the Resurrection when Christ is being laid to rest in the tomb. He is being supported by those closest to him: John the Evangelist, in the red robe (bearing the weight of Christ); Mary Magdalene cries in the background; while Mary, the mother of James the Younger and Joseph, bows her head in sorrow. Mary, the mother of Christ, cradles his head and looks heavenward for divine intercession.

18. The Resurrection Title: Resurrection of Christ Artist: Raphael Date: 1,499 – 1,502 CE Medium: Oil on Wood Panel Source: Museu de Arte de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Three days after his death, Christ walks from his tomb while the soldiers guarding it sleep.

21. The Ascension Christ ascends to heaven from the Mount of Olives, disappearing in a cloud. His disciples, often accompanied by the Virgin, watch. Title: The Ascension Artist: Page from the Rabbula Gospels Date: 586 CE Medium: Illuminated Manuscript