Weitere ähnliche Inhalte Ähnlich wie URL to HTML (20) Mehr von Francois Marier (18) Kürzlich hochgeladen (20) URL to HTML1. URL to HTML
a minute in the life of a webpage
François Marier @fmarier mozilla
27. if you don't understand the
layers below, you won't know what
to do when the abstraction breaks
50. $ dig nz NS @199.7.83.42
; <<>> DiG 9.8.1-P1 <<>> nz NS @199.7.83.42
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 412
;; flags: qr rd; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 7, ADD
;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;nz. IN NS
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
nz. 172800 IN NS ns1.dns.net.nz.
nz. 172800 IN NS ns2.dns.net.nz.
nz. 172800 IN NS ns3.dns.net.nz.
nz. 172800 IN NS ns4.dns.net.nz.
nz. 172800 IN NS ns5.dns.net.nz.
nz. 172800 IN NS ns6.dns.net.nz.
nz. 172800 IN NS ns7.dns.net.nz.
52. $ dig ac.nz NS @ns1.dns.net.nz
; <<>> DiG 9.8.1-P1 <<>> ac.nz NS @ns1.dns.net.nz
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 391
;; flags: qr aa rd; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 7, AUTHORITY: 0,
;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;ac.nz. IN NS
;; ANSWER SECTION:
ac.nz. 86400IN NS ns7.dns.net.nz.
ac.nz. 86400IN NS ns4.dns.net.nz.
ac.nz. 86400IN NS ns2.dns.net.nz.
ac.nz. 86400IN NS ns1.dns.net.nz.
ac.nz. 86400IN NS ns6.dns.net.nz.
ac.nz. 86400IN NS ns3.dns.net.nz.
ac.nz. 86400IN NS ns5.dns.net.nz.
54. $ dig auckland.ac.nz NS @ns1.dns.net.nz
; <<>> DiG 9.8.1-P1 <<>> auckland.ac.nz NS @ns1.dns.net
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 598
;; flags: qr rd; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 3, ADD
;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;auckland.ac.nz. IN NS
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
auckland.ac.nz. 86400IN NS pubsec.domainz.net.nz.
auckland.ac.nz. 86400IN NS dns1.auckland.ac.nz.
auckland.ac.nz. 86400IN NS dns2.auckland.ac.nz.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
dns1.auckland.ac.nz.86400IN A 130.216.1.2
dns2.auckland.ac.nz.86400IN A 130.216.1.1
56. $ dig cs.auckland.ac.nz NS @dns1.auckland.ac.nz
; <<>> DiG 9.8.1-P1 <<>> cs.auckland.ac.nz NS @dns1.auc
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 485
;; flags: qr aa rd; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 4, AUTHORITY: 0,
;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;cs.auckland.ac.nz. IN NS
;; ANSWER SECTION:
cs.auckland.ac.nz. 10800 IN NS dns2.auckland.ac.nz.
cs.auckland.ac.nz. 10800 IN NS kronos2.cs.auckland.ac.n
cs.auckland.ac.nz. 10800 IN NS dns1.auckland.ac.nz.
cs.auckland.ac.nz. 10800 IN NS kronos1.cs.auckland.ac.n
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
dns1.auckland.ac.nz.1800 IN A 130.216.1.2
58. $ dig www.cs.auckland.ac.nz @kronos1.cs.auckland.ac.nz
; <<>> DiG 9.8.1-P1 <<>> www.cs.auckland.ac.nz A @krono
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 175
;; flags: qr aa rd; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 4,
;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;www.cs.auckland.ac.nz. IN A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
www.cs.auckland.ac.nz. 10800 IN A 130.216.158.22
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
cs.auckland.ac.nz. 10800IN NS kronos2.cs.auckland.ac.nz
cs.auckland.ac.nz. 10800IN NS dns2.auckland.ac.nz.
cs.auckland.ac.nz. 10800IN NS dns1.auckland.ac.nz.
cs.auckland.ac.nz. 10800IN NS kronos1.cs.auckland.ac.nz
67. $ mtr 212.58.246.94
1. 192.168.1.1
2. llu.bng1.tvc.orcon.net.nz
3. xe-3-3-0.cre1.sky.orcon.net.nz
4. 121.98.9.137
5. ae1-0.cre2.nct.odyssey.net.nz
6. ORCON-INTER.bar1.SanFrancisco1.Level3.net
7. xe-5-0-0.bar1.SanFrancisco1.Level3.net
8. ae-0-11.bar2.SanFrancisco1.Level3.net
9. ae-6-6.ebr2.SanJose1.Level3.net
10. ae-62-62.csw1.SanJose1.Level3.net
11. ae-61-61.ebr1.SanJose1.Level3.net
12. ae-2-2.ebr2.NewYork1.Level3.net
13. ae-62-62.csw1.NewYork1.Level3.net
14. ae-61-61.ebr1.NewYork1.Level3.net
15. ae-43-43.ebr2.London1.Level3.net
16. ae-57-222.csw2.London1.Level3.net
17. ae-229-3605.edge4.London1.Level3.net
18. BBC-TECHNOL.edge4.London1.Level3.net
19. ???
20. ???
21. ae0.er01.cwwtf.bbc.co.uk
22. 132.185.255.165
23. bbc-vip015.cwwtf.bbc.co.uk
68. $ mtr 212.58.246.94
1. 192.168.1.1
2. llu.bng1.tvc.orcon.net.nz
3. xe-3-3-0.cre1.sky.orcon.net.nz
4. 121.98.9.137
5. ae1-0.cre2.nct.odyssey.net.nz
6. ORCON-INTER.bar1.SanFrancisco1.Level3.net
7. xe-5-0-0.bar1.SanFrancisco1.Level3.net
8. ae-0-11.bar2.SanFrancisco1.Level3.net
9. ae-6-6.ebr2.SanJose1.Level3.net
10. ae-62-62.csw1.SanJose1.Level3.net
11. ae-61-61.ebr1.SanJose1.Level3.net
12. ae-2-2.ebr2.NewYork1.Level3.net
13. ae-62-62.csw1.NewYork1.Level3.net
14. ae-61-61.ebr1.NewYork1.Level3.net
15. ae-43-43.ebr2.London1.Level3.net
16. ae-57-222.csw2.London1.Level3.net
17. ae-229-3605.edge4.London1.Level3.net
18. BBC-TECHNOL.edge4.London1.Level3.net
19. ???
20. ???
21. ae0.er01.cwwtf.bbc.co.uk
22. 132.185.255.165
23. bbc-vip015.cwwtf.bbc.co.uk
69. $ mtr 212.58.246.94
1. 192.168.1.1
2. llu.bng1.tvc.orcon.net.nz
3. xe-3-3-0.cre1.sky.orcon.net.nz
4. 121.98.9.137
5. ae1-0.cre2.nct.odyssey.net.nz
6. ORCON-INTER.bar1.SanFrancisco1.Level3.net
7. xe-5-0-0.bar1.SanFrancisco1.Level3.net
8. ae-0-11.bar2.SanFrancisco1.Level3.net
9. ae-6-6.ebr2.SanJose1.Level3.net
10. ae-62-62.csw1.SanJose1.Level3.net
11. ae-61-61.ebr1.SanJose1.Level3.net
12. ae-2-2.ebr2.NewYork1.Level3.net
13. ae-62-62.csw1.NewYork1.Level3.net
14. ae-61-61.ebr1.NewYork1.Level3.net
15. ae-43-43.ebr2.London1.Level3.net
16. ae-57-222.csw2.London1.Level3.net
17. ae-229-3605.edge4.London1.Level3.net
18. BBC-TECHNOL.edge4.London1.Level3.net
19. ???
20. ???
21. ae0.er01.cwwtf.bbc.co.uk
22. 132.185.255.165
23. bbc-vip015.cwwtf.bbc.co.uk
70. $ mtr 212.58.246.94
1. 192.168.1.1
2. llu.bng1.tvc.orcon.net.nz
3. xe-3-3-0.cre1.sky.orcon.net.nz
4. 121.98.9.137
5. ae1-0.cre2.nct.odyssey.net.nz
6. ORCON-INTER.bar1.SanFrancisco1.Level3.net
7. xe-5-0-0.bar1.SanFrancisco1.Level3.net
8. ae-0-11.bar2.SanFrancisco1.Level3.net
9. ae-6-6.ebr2.SanJose1.Level3.net
10. ae-62-62.csw1.SanJose1.Level3.net
11. ae-61-61.ebr1.SanJose1.Level3.net
12. ae-2-2.ebr2.NewYork1.Level3.net
13. ae-62-62.csw1.NewYork1.Level3.net
14. ae-61-61.ebr1.NewYork1.Level3.net
15. ae-43-43.ebr2.London1.Level3.net
16. ae-57-222.csw2.London1.Level3.net
17. ae-229-3605.edge4.London1.Level3.net
18. BBC-TECHNOL.edge4.London1.Level3.net
19. ???
20. ???
21. ae0.er01.cwwtf.bbc.co.uk
22. 132.185.255.165
23. bbc-vip015.cwwtf.bbc.co.uk
71. $ mtr 212.58.246.94
1. 192.168.1.1
2. llu.bng1.tvc.orcon.net.nz
3. xe-3-3-0.cre1.sky.orcon.net.nz
4. 121.98.9.137
5. ae1-0.cre2.nct.odyssey.net.nz
6. ORCON-INTER.bar1.SanFrancisco1.Level3.net
7. xe-5-0-0.bar1.SanFrancisco1.Level3.net
8. ae-0-11.bar2.SanFrancisco1.Level3.net
9. ae-6-6.ebr2.SanJose1.Level3.net
10. ae-62-62.csw1.SanJose1.Level3.net
11. ae-61-61.ebr1.SanJose1.Level3.net
12. ae-2-2.ebr2.NewYork1.Level3.net
13. ae-62-62.csw1.NewYork1.Level3.net
14. ae-61-61.ebr1.NewYork1.Level3.net
15. ae-43-43.ebr2.London1.Level3.net
16. ae-57-222.csw2.London1.Level3.net
17. ae-229-3605.edge4.London1.Level3.net
18. BBC-TECHNOL.edge4.London1.Level3.net
19. ???
20. ???
21. ae0.er01.cwwtf.bbc.co.uk
22. 132.185.255.165
23. bbc-vip015.cwwtf.bbc.co.uk
72. $ mtr 212.58.246.94
1. 192.168.1.1
2. llu.bng1.tvc.orcon.net.nz
3. xe-3-3-0.cre1.sky.orcon.net.nz
4. 121.98.9.137
5. ae1-0.cre2.nct.odyssey.net.nz
6. ORCON-INTER.bar1.SanFrancisco1.Level3.net
7. xe-5-0-0.bar1.SanFrancisco1.Level3.net
8. ae-0-11.bar2.SanFrancisco1.Level3.net
9. ae-6-6.ebr2.SanJose1.Level3.net
10. ae-62-62.csw1.SanJose1.Level3.net
11. ae-61-61.ebr1.SanJose1.Level3.net
12. ae-2-2.ebr2.NewYork1.Level3.net
13. ae-62-62.csw1.NewYork1.Level3.net
14. ae-61-61.ebr1.NewYork1.Level3.net
15. ae-43-43.ebr2.London1.Level3.net
16. ae-57-222.csw2.London1.Level3.net
17. ae-229-3605.edge4.London1.Level3.net
18. BBC-TECHNOL.edge4.London1.Level3.net
19. ???
20. ???
21. ae0.er01.cwwtf.bbc.co.uk
22. 132.185.255.165
23. bbc-vip015.cwwtf.bbc.co.uk
73. $ mtr 212.58.246.94
1. 192.168.1.1
2. llu.bng1.tvc.orcon.net.nz
3. xe-3-3-0.cre1.sky.orcon.net.nz
4. 121.98.9.137
5. ae1-0.cre2.nct.odyssey.net.nz
6. ORCON-INTER.bar1.SanFrancisco1.Level3.net
7. xe-5-0-0.bar1.SanFrancisco1.Level3.net
8. ae-0-11.bar2.SanFrancisco1.Level3.net
9. ae-6-6.ebr2.SanJose1.Level3.net
10. ae-62-62.csw1.SanJose1.Level3.net
11. ae-61-61.ebr1.SanJose1.Level3.net
12. ae-2-2.ebr2.NewYork1.Level3.net
13. ae-62-62.csw1.NewYork1.Level3.net
14. ae-61-61.ebr1.NewYork1.Level3.net
15. ae-43-43.ebr2.London1.Level3.net
16. ae-57-222.csw2.London1.Level3.net
17. ae-229-3605.edge4.London1.Level3.net
18. BBC-TECHNOL.edge4.London1.Level3.net
19. ???
20. ???
21. ae0.er01.cwwtf.bbc.co.uk
22. 132.185.255.165
23. bbc-vip015.cwwtf.bbc.co.uk
81. abstraction of a reliable point-to-point
connection with built-in re-try logic
100. Content-Type: text/html
Date: Thu, 22 May 2014 05:34:47 GMT
Last-Modified: Fri, 09 Aug 2013 23:54:35 GMT
Content-Length: 1270
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Example Domain</title>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<h1>Example Domain</h1>
<p>This domain is established to be used for
domain in examples without prior coordination
</div>
</body>
</html>
104. $ curl http://www.example.com
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Example Domain</title>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<h1>Example Domain</h1>
<p>This domain is established to be used for
domain in examples without prior coordinatio
</div>
</body>
</html>
105. $ curl --head http://www.example.com
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Cache-Control: max-age=604800
Content-Type: text/html
Date: Thu, 22 May 2014 05:42:26 GMT
Etag: "359670651"
Expires: Thu, 29 May 2014 05:42:26 GMT
Last-Modified: Fri, 09 Aug 2013 23:54:35 GMT
Server: ECS (cpm/F858)
X-Cache: HIT
x-ec-custom-error: 1
Content-Length: 1270
144. how can you tell you're
talking to the right person?
(and not to the NSA)
166. Copyright © 2015 Francois Marier <francois@mozilla.com>
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
leaky pipe: https://www.flickr.com/photos/ifl/3920636654
leaky pipe with elephant: https://www.flickr.com/photos/rcrhee/10785374875
sky tower: https://www.flickr.com/photos/elisfanclub/6120863439
golden gate: https://www.flickr.com/photos/jeffgunn/6663212147
san jose: https://www.flickr.com/photos/the_tahoe_guy/3183673224
statue of liberty: https://www.flickr.com/photos/suewaters/7574642942
big ben: https://www.flickr.com/photos/timmorris/3103896345
bbc house: https://www.flickr.com/photos/redvers/532073098
fingers crossed: https://www.flickr.com/photos/bearpark/6861722073
prince charles : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Prince_Charles_2012.jpg
southern cross cable: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Southern_Cross_Cable_route.svg
image credits