Plant response to stress

Plant Response to Stress BC39P- Plant Biochemistry Dr. W. McLaughlin

Stresses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Types of Stress ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Plant Response to Abiotic Stress ,[object Object]

Environmental conditions that can cause stress ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Phytotoxic compounds ,[object Object]

Resistance or sensitivity of plants to stress depends on: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

How plants respond to environmental stress

Stress resistance mechanisms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Changes in gene expression to stress ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Regulation of plant stress responses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Gene expression results in: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Stresses involving water deficit ,[object Object]

Environmental conditions that can lead to water deficit ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Factors that can affect the response of a plant to water deficit ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Tolerance to drought and salinity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Osmotic adjustment ,[object Object],[object Object]

Solutes that contribute to osmotic adjustments

Compatible solutes (osmolytes) ,[object Object],[object Object]

Proline ,[object Object],[object Object]

Proline & glycine betaine ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Mannitol ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Transgenic plants ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

D-Pinitol ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Osmotin ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Osmotin ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Oxidative Stress ,[object Object]

Environmental factors that cause oxidative stress ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) ,[object Object],[object Object]

Ozone and oxidative stress ,[object Object],[object Object]

The negative effects of ozone on plants ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Ozone Damage ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Resistance to ozone ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Salicylic acid and ethylene ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Heat shock ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Resistance or sensitivity of plants to heat stress ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Plant Response to Biotic Stress ,[object Object]

Pathogen attack strategies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Failure of a pathogen to cause disease ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Successful pathogen infection & disease occurs: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Preformed defense: Secondary metabolites ,[object Object],[object Object]

Secondary metabolites ,[object Object]

Saponins ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Hypersensitive response ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Role of ROS in plant defence ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Role of ROS in cell signalling ,[object Object],[object Object]

Nitric oxide synthesis (NO) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Nitric oxide ,[object Object],[object Object]

Benzoic acid and salicylic acid ,[object Object],[object Object]

(A) TMV necrotic lesions forming on N gene-expressing resistant tobacco leaves - total SA contents are greatest in the centre of the lesion and rapidly diminish with distance from the centre

(B) Constitutive expression in tobacco plants of the P. putida nah G gene (encodes the enzyme salicylate hydrolase and hydrolyses SA to catechol) leads to continual removal of induced SA. This causes substantial increase in TMV multiplication in the tobacco leaves through a weakening of several N gene-mediated resistance to TMV

Jasmonic acid and Ethylene ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Jasmonic acid and ethylene ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

PR proteins ,[object Object],[object Object]

Ethylene & SA on PR accumulation

Plant defensins ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

PR-1 activated by dichloro-isonicotinic acid (INA) and SA

Pytoalexins ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Systemic plant defence responses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) ,[object Object]

SAR ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Induced systemic resistance (ISR) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Plant response to stress

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Plant response to stress