What prompted European countries to explore, claim and settle lands in the Southeast? (H1c, E1) Who explored Georgia and where was the first settlement? (H1c)

1. Exploring and Colonizing
North America
Spain, France, and
England

2. ■ Essential Question: What are
Question
the similarities & differences
among the Spanish, French, &
British patterns of colonization in
North America?

3. America Prior to the
Arrival of Europeans

4. Early Human Migrations
1st Migration, 38,000-1800 BCE
2nd Migration, c. 10,000-4,000 BCE
3rd Migration, c. 8,000-3,000 BCE

6. Eastern Woodland Cultures
■ Along the Atlantic Coast of North
America, Native Americans lived
in smaller, mobile bands:
–Farming was supplemented by
hunting and gathering
–Eastern woodland Indians were
likely the first natives to be
encountered by English settlers

8. Locations of Major Indian Groups
and Culture Areas in the 1600s

9. When Worlds Collide
What was the impact of Spanish,
French, and English settlement in
North America on Native Americans?

10. Voyages of European Exploration

11. European
movement

12. Exploration:
Direct Causes = 3 G’s
■ Political: Become a world power through
gaining wealth and land. (GLORY)
■ Economic: Search for new trade routes
with direct access to Asian/African luxury
goods would enrich individuals and their
nations (GOLD)
■ Religious: spread Christianity and
weaken Middle Eastern Muslims. (GOD)
The 3 motives reinforce each other

13. European
explore
EFFECTS
•Europeans reach and settle Americas
•Expanded knowledge of world geography
•Growth of trade, mercantilism and
capitalism
•Indian conflicts over land and impact of
disease on Indian populations
•Introduction of the institution of slavery
•Columbian Exchange

14. NEW OLD
WORLD WORLD

15. Columbian Exchange or the transfer of
goods involved 3 continents, Americas, Europe and
Africa
* Squash * Avocado * Peppers * Sweet Potatoes
* Turkey * Pumpkin * Tobacco * Quinine
* Cocoa * Pineapple * Cassava * POTATO
* Peanut * Tomato * Vanilla * MAIZE * Syphillis
* Olive * Coffee Beans * Banana * Rice
* Onion * Turnip * Honeybee * Barley
* Grape * Peach * Sugar Cane * Oats
* Citrus Fruits * Pear * Wheat * HORSE
* Cattle * Sheep * Pig * Smallpox
* Flu * Typhus * Measles * Malaria
* Diptheria * Whooping Cough

16. The Columbian Exchange

17. Old World to New World New World to Old World
Diseases Smallpox, Measles, Chicken Pox Syphilis
Malaria, Yellow Fever,
Influenza, The Common Cold
Animals Horses, Cattle, Pigs, Sheep Turkeys, Llamas, Alpacas, Guinea Pigs
Goats, Chickens
Plants Rice Corn (Maize)
Wheat Potatoes (White & Sweet Varieties)
Barley Beans (Snap, Kidney, & Lima Varieties)
Oats Tobacco
Coffee Peanuts
Sugarcane Squash
Bananas Peppers
Melons Tomatoes
Olives Pumpkins
Dandelions Pineapples
Daisies Cacao (Source of Chocolate)
Clover Chicle (Source of Chewing Gum)
Ragweed Papayas
Kentucky Bluegrass Guavas
Avocados

18. The Spanish Colonies
in America

19. ■ Started in Caribbean, then Central and South
America—most important was conquest of
Aztecs by Cortez (1521) and Incas by Pizzaro
(1531)
■ First permanent colonies in what will become
United States are founded by Spain
– St. Augustine (Florida) is founded (1565) to
protect Spanish treasure fleets

20. Georgia

21. •Spanish soldiers who came to the New
World to help conquer and settle the
Americas for Spain.
•Some of their methods were harsh and
brutal especially to the Native American
population.
•With every Spanish explorer were
conquistadors and members of the
Catholic Church to convert Native
Americans.

22. A World Transformed
■ Native Americans were eager for
European trade; they were not
initially victims of Spanish
exploration
■ They became dependent on and
indebted to Europeans
■ Disease decimated perhaps 95%
of Native American population

23. Cycle of Conquest &
Colonization
Conqu
Explorers istador
e s
s
ie
n ar
o
European si
is
Colonial M
Empire Permanent
Settlers

24. From Plunder to Settlement
■ By 1650, 1/2 million Spaniards
immigrated to the New World
–Mostly unmarried males came to
New World; intermarriage led to
Whites from Spain
mixed-bloodWhites born & mulattos
mestizos in America
–Distinguished between social
classes: peninsulares & creoles
–The Spanish gov’t operated
strict control over the colonies

25. The Spanish used the encomienda system to
Spanish Conquests & Colonies
create large cash crop plantations using
Native American & African slave labor
Spanish missionaries focused
heavily on converting Native
Americans & establishing missions

26. The Colonial Class System
Peninsulares
Spanish Creoles
ancestory Spanish and
Black
mixture.
Mestizos
Spanish Mulattos
and Indian White
mixture American
and Black
mixture
Native Indians Black Slaves

27. What type of relationship existed
between the Spanish and the Native
Americans living in N.Am?
■ Native people learned about new tools,
grow food, raise sheep
■ Many converted to Catholicism
■ Spanish learned new farming techniques
■ Harsh treatment of Native Americans for
slave labor
■ Beating of those who did not convert
■ Disease, death
■ Rebellion

28. Hernando Desoto – Spanish Explorer
■ Explored Southeast
region of America in
1540.
■ Encountered numerous
Creek Indian tribes in
Georgia, as well as food
such as peaches.
■ Crossed Chattahoochee,
Flint, Ocmulgee, Oconee,
and Savannah Rivers.

29. Hernando de Soto

30. Spanish Settlements in Georgia
■ From 1578 to 1583 the Spanish Catholics
built two separate chains of missions. One
led from San Augustin north along the
Atlantic coast, into present day coastal
Georgia. The Guale tribes were
temporarily subdued near what is St.
Catherine’s Island today.
■ In 1597 the Franciscans in Guale
interfered with the mission Indians once
too often and they rebelled. The missions
along coastal Georgia were destroyed and
most of the friars murdered before
soldiers stopped the uprising by 1601.
■ Although the Yamasees and Lower Creeks
sought Spanish protection in the following
years, and Spanish Indians continued to
harass English settlers along the southern
frontier, Spain's plans for hegemony in
the Southeast disappeared along with the
missions.
■ More info on Spanish missions in Georgia
HERE!

31. Spanish empire by
the 1600’s
consisted of
 Southern part of
North America
 Central America
 Caribbean Islands
Most of outer
South America

32. The French Colonies
in America

33. ■ French settle Quebec
(1608) & Montreal
(1642) and what would
become Canada
– Control St.
Lawrence River &
access to interior of
North America
– Develop a fur trade

34. The French Claim Canada
■ In 1608, Samuel de Champlain
founded Quebec; French Empire
eventually included St. Lawrence
River, Great Lakes, Mississippi R.
■ The French gov’t strictly controlled
the colonies but made little effort to
encourage settlement
■ Because the fur trade was the
basis of their colonial economy,
Indians became valued trading
partners (not exploitive like Spain)

35. What was the relationship between
the French and Native Americans
living in North America?
■ Business partners
■ Friendly
■ Huron (in Canada) were close allies
■ Enemies with Iroquois (on East coast
with British colonies)
■ Diseases killed many

36. Like Spain, the French gov’t
encouraged converting Native
Americans & establishing missions

38. The English Colonies
in America

39. English settlements
■ Cabot & New Foundland 1582
■ Sir Walter Raleigh attempts to
colonize off the coast of North
Carolina in 1585.
■ Establishes the colony of
Roanoke
■ Second attempt in 1585 with 150
men and women

40. Lost Colony of Roanoke
■ Spanish Armada delays supply
until 1590
■ No settlers found but buildings
are standing
■ CROATOAN – written on fence
post.
■ Unsolved mystery

42. What was life like in Jamestown?
■ Difficult
■ Swamp area with disease
carrying mosquitoes
■ Laziness from settlers
■ John Smith took over during the
starving time
■ Native Americans refuse to trade
during this time

43. The English Colonies
■ In the 1600s, English settlers
arrived in North America
–English colonization differed
from Spanish & French because
the English gov’t had no desire
to create a centralized empire in
the New World
–Different motivations by English
settlers led to different types of
colonies

44. Migrating to the English Colonies
■ 17th century England faced major
social changes:
–The most significant was a
boom in population; Competition
for land, food, jobs led to a large
mobile population (vagrants?)
–People had choices: could move
to cities, Ireland, Netherlands, or
America (but this was most
expensive & dangerous)

45. Migrating to the English Colonies
■ Motives for migration to America:
– Religious: purer form of worship
– Economic: Escape poverty or
the threat of lifelong poverty
– Personal: to escape bad
marriages or jail terms
■ Migration to America was
facilitated by the English Civil War
& Glorious Revolution

46. The Stuart Monarchs

47. Fort King George
■ First British garrison of the Georgia
colony, is located in Darien, at the
mouth of the Altamaha River.
■ Established in 1721 to 1732 as the
southernmost outpost of British
North America.
■ Protected Carolina colony against
Spanish and French as well as
possible attacks by the hostile
Guale Indians.
■ Poor living conditions and a fire
Click HERE for a more
that destroyed the fort in 1726 led to complete story of Ft.
King George!
its disbandment.
From New Georgia Encyclopedia – Fort King George, http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-2481

50. Types of Colonial
Settlements

51. Three types of colonial settlements
Trading Post Plantation Settler colony
Colony Colony
Used to trade items Grow and sell cash Settlers establish new towns and
For example, French fur crops, such as rice, settlements, but linked to their
traders indigo, tobacco, mother country by trade and
government.
Did not require a lot of Required more Required more money to build the
money. money to maintain towns and settlements.
and build.
More difficult to protect. Easier to protect Easy to protect
Set up along a water trade
route.
Set up along a water trade Set up on large Set up along the water for
route. areas of land. irrigation use and trade.

52. European colonization in
North America
Spain France England
Plantation colonies in Trading post colonies in Plantation colonies in
the Caribbean, Florida, St. Lawrence, Great Southern English
and Mexico. Lakes, and Mississippi colonies.
regions.
Spanish missions Settler colonies
converted Indians to Port of New Orleans Jamestown based at
Christianity by force, controlled trade in the first on trading, then
and governed the Gulf of Mexico, later became known as
colonial settlements. threatening Spanish a religious settlement.
shipping in the area.
Georgia’s coastal Fort King George at
barrier islands served Fur traders expanded Darien, GA was
as sites of Spanish networks throughout all southern-most outpost
missions. of the Southeastern to protect Charlestown,
tribes. South Carolina from
Spanish attacks.

53. By the early 1600s, Spain, England, & France
had large territorial claims in North America
(but these colonies were not heavily populated,
especially in Spanish & French claims)
These colonial claims came largely
at the expense of the Native
Americans already living there

54. Colonies in North America
Spanish Colonies French colonies English colonies
Mexico, present day Florida, Inland part of North America They set up a variety of
South western part of South and the St. Lawrence river. colonies in Canada and along
America the coast of the Atlantic
Ocean.
Controlled their colonies with Controlled their colonies Built for profit and others built
viceroys. loosely. Few settlers moved to them for religious freedom.
New France, because it was
so rocky, and the temperature England sent governors to rule
was so cold. over their colonies.
Use of Native American labor French got along better with English settlers pushed Native
to work on the large farms. the Native Americans than any Americans off their land.
other European country.
Treated the Native American Fur traders England and Spain were the
harshly. two main powers in the
Americas.
Harsh treatment of the Native Live among the Native Did not want to convert the
Americans, Europeans Americans and respected their Native Americans, they just
diseases claimed their lives culture. wanted their land.
Use of African slaves. Focused on Christianity. Touted religious freedom

56. Spanish, French, & English
Colonial Patterns?
■ Answer the following essential question:
– What were the advantages &
disadvantages of Spanish, French, &
English colonial patterns in terms of
long-term colonization in America?
■ Create a chart with your ideas.
■ Submit your chart in the 2.B Dropbox.

57. Advantages Disadvantages
for long-term for long-term
colonization colonization
Spain
France
England