This presentation is about Chapter 16 section 5.

2. Chapter Objectives
Section 5: The Way to Victory
• Identify the battles that turned the tide of the war
in 1863. 
• Cite the events that led to the South’s surrender in
1865.
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3. Why It Matters
The Civil War–a war in which Americans
fought other Americans–transformed the United
States. It shattered the economy
of the South while contributing to the rapid
economic growth of the North and the West.
African Americans gained freedom when
slavery was abolished, but the war left a legacy
of bitterness between North and South that
lasted for generations.

4. The Impact Today
Key events during this era still shape our lives
today. For example: 
• The institution of slavery was abolished. 
• The war established the power of the
federal government over the states.
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5. Guide to Reading
Main Idea
After four years of war that claimed the lives of
more than 600,000 Americans, the Northern forces
defeated the Southern forces. 
Key Terms
• entrenched 
• total war
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6. Southern Victories
• Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia
seemed too strong to beat in 1862 and 1863. 
• They easily won the Battle of Fredericksburg
on December 13, 1862,
in Virginia against General Ambrose
Burnside. 
• Because of his failure, Burnside resigned.
General Joseph Hooker replaced him.
(pages 485–486)
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7. Southern Victories (cont.)
• Hooker rebuilt the army, but Lee attacked his
troops first and won another victory at
Chancellorsville, Virginia, near Fredericksburg
in May 1863. 
• General Stonewall Jackson was among the
heavy casualties. 
• Jackson died at Chancellorsville from an
accidental shot by one of the Confederate
companies. He died a week later.
(pages 485–486)
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8. The Tide of War Turns
• Lee decided to invade the North, hoping
to win aid for the Confederacy from Britain
and France. 
• The South was not victorious as he moved his
75,000 troops north in June. 
• Union General George Meade replaced General
Hooker to find and fight Lee’s troops and
protect Washington, D.C.,
and Baltimore from attack.
(pages 486–488)
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9. The Tide of War Turns (cont.)
• The armies fought the three-day Battle
of Gettysburg in July 1863. 
• On the third day, 14,000 Confederate forces,
led by General Pickett, advanced toward Union
lines. 
• The Union fired as the Confederate troops
marched across open territory. 
• Lee’s troops retreated to Virginia in defeat.
(pages 486–488)
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10. The Tide of War Turns (cont.)
• Another Northern victory occurred at the Battle
of Vicksburg, Mississippi. 
• The Union gained control of the Mississippi
River, a war goal, and isolated the western
Confederacy. 
• This and the Battle of Gettysburg were turning
points in the war.
(pages 486–488)
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11. The Tide of War Turns (cont.)
• On November 19, 1863, Lincoln gave his
famous Gettysburg Address at a ceremony
dedicating a cemetery at Gettysburg. 
• The speech helped Americans look ahead and
focus on building America.
(pages 486–488)
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12. Final Phases of the War
• New Union leadership brought new plans to
attack the Confederacy. 
• After the Northern victory at Chattanooga,
Tennessee, led by Generals Grant and Sherman,
Lincoln named Grant commander of all the
Union armies. 
• The plan was to have the Army of the Potomac
crush Lee’s army in Virginia. 
• The western army under Sherman would
advance to Atlanta and crush the Confederates
in the Deep South.
(pages 488–490)
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13. Final Phases of the War (cont.)
• Grant’s and Lee’s armies met in three battles
near Richmond: the Battles of the Wilderness,
Spotsylvania Courthouse, and Cold Harbor. 
• The Confederacy held firm each time Grant
resumed the attack. 
• Another attack at Petersburg turned into a nine-
month siege. 
• Grant hoped that Richmond would fall, thereby
cutting it off from the rest of the Confederacy.
(pages 488–490)
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14. Final Phases of the War (cont.)
• The North lost thousands of men and grew
tired of the war. 
• Democrats wanted to make peace with the
South, but Lincoln wanted to restore the Union.

• The end of the war was in sight, and Lincoln
won reelection easily.
(pages 488–490)
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15. Final Phases of the War (cont.)
• In September 1864 Sherman captured Atlanta,
and the Confederates were driven out of
Shenandoah Valley in Virginia. 
• Sherman’s army waged “total war” as
it then advanced from Atlanta toward
Savannah, Georgia, destroying farms, killing
animals, and tearing up railroad lines along the
way. 
• It captured Savannah and devastated South
Carolina as the troops moved to meet Grant in
Virginia.
(pages 488–490)
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16. Victory for the North
• Lincoln talked about the end of the war and the
hope for peace in his second Inaugural Address
in 1865. 
• On April 2, 1865, Confederate lines at
Petersburg broke and Lee withdrew his troops.

• Richmond fell the same day. 
• Rebel troops, civilians, and government
officials fled, setting fire to the city of
Richmond as they left.
(pages 490–491)
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17. Victory for the North (cont.)
• On April 9, 1865, Lee and his troops
surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court
House, a small Virginia village. 
• Grant asked only for their arms, letting them
keep their horses and giving them three days’
supply of food.
(pages 490–491)
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18. Victory for the North (cont.)
• Confederate forces in North Carolina
surrendered to General Sherman several days
later. 
• Jefferson Davis, the president of the
Confederacy, was captured on May 10
in Georgia. 
• The war was over.
(pages 490–491)
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19. Victory for the North (cont.)
• The war had several consequences. 
- The Civil War was the most devastating in
American history. More than 600,000 soldiers
died. It caused billions of dollars worth of damage,
mostly in the South. 
- Bitter feelings between Southerners and
Northerners lasted for generations. 
- The federal government was strengthened and
became more powerful than the states. 
- The war freed millions of African Americans.
(pages 490–491)
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