This is the presentation on Chapter 16 Section 3.

2. Chapter Objectives
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• Describe why Lincoln issued the Emancipation
Proclamation. 
• Understand the role that African Americans played
in the Civil War.
Section 3: A Call for Freedom

3. Why It Matters
The Civil War–a war in which Americans
fought other Americans–transformed the United
States. It shattered the economy
of the South while contributing to the rapid
economic growth of the North and the West.
African Americans gained freedom when
slavery was abolished, but the war left a legacy
of bitterness between North and South that
lasted for generations.

4. The Impact Today
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Key events during this era still shape our lives
today. For example: 
• The institution of slavery was abolished. 
• The war established the power of the
federal government over the states.

5. Guide to Reading
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The Civil War provided opportunities for African
Americans to contribute to the war effort. 
• emancipate 
Main Idea
Key Terms
• ratify

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Emancipation
• The North’s original war goal was to preserve
the Union rather than to destroy slavery. 
• Lincoln and other Republican leaders had
stated they would act only to prevent the
expansion of slavery. 
• Lincoln was hesitant to move against slavery
because of the border states. 
• He did not want to divide the people and make
the war less popular.
(pages 473–476)

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Emancipation (cont.)
• As the war went on, many Northerners thought
that slavery was helping the war effort in the
South. 
• Anything that weakened slavery weakened the
Confederacy in the North’s view. 
• In 1861 and 1862, Congress passed laws that
freed enslaved people who were held by people
active in the rebellion against the Union. 
• Some African Americans escaped slavery by
going into territory held by the Union army.
(pages 473–476)

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Emancipation (cont.)
• Lincoln decided to take action on slavery. 
• He thought that as president he should
be the one to make the decision to end slavery,
not Congress. 
• On January 1, 1863, Lincoln signed the
Emancipation Proclamation. It said that “all
persons held as slaves within any state . . . in
rebellion against the United States, shall be
then, thenceforward,
and forever free.”
(pages 473–476)

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Emancipation (cont.)
• There were several effects of the proclamation:

(pages 473–476)
- It did not actually free anyone. The Thirteenth
Amendment, ratified by Congress in 1865, truly
freed enslaved Americans. 
- Lincoln hoped that word of the proclamation would
encourage enslaved people to run away. Before the
Emancipation Proclamation, about 100,000 African
Americans left for the safety of the Union.

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Emancipation (cont.)
(pages 473–476)
- Because Britain and France opposed slavery, they
decided to withhold recognition of the Confederacy.
- Northern African Americans were pleased by the
decree. 

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African Americans in the War
• African Americans helped the war effort
in the North and South. 
(pages 476–477)
• In the North, African Americans were
not permitted to serve as soldiers at the
beginning of the war. However, the Union
navy accepted them. 
• Others, such as Harriet Tubman of the
Underground Railroad, were able to help the
North as spies or guides behind Confederate
lines.

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African Americans in the War (cont.)
• In 1862 African Americans were allowed to
serve in the Union army. 
• Both free African Americans and those who
escaped slavery enlisted. 
• By the end of the war, African American
volunteers made up almost 10 percent of the
Union army and 18 percent of the navy. 
• About 200,000 African Americans served and
37,000 died defending the Union.
(pages 476–477)

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African Americans in the War (cont.)
• African American regiments were separate
from the rest of the Union army. 
• Most command officers were white. 
• After protest about unequal pay, African
American and white soldiers received the
same pay in 1864.
(pages 476–477)

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African Americans in the War (cont.)
• The 54th Massachusetts led by white
abolitionists was one of the most famous
African American regiments. 
• Their bravery in a battle against a Confederate
fort near Charleston, South Carolina, in July
1863 won respect for African American
troops.
(pages 476–477)

15. Click the mouse button or press the
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African Americans in the War (cont.)
• African Americans did not serve in the
Confederate military at first because white
Southerners were afraid of a slave rebellion. 
• Near the end of the war, though, the
Confederacy needed men. 
• The Confederate Congress passed a law in 1865
to enlist enslaved people. 
• The law did not include automatic freedom just
because the men served as soldiers. 
• The war ended before any regiments were
organized. (pages 476–477)

16. Click the mouse button or press the
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African Americans in the War (cont.)
• People had different attitudes toward African
Americans as soldiers. 
• Lincoln’s opponents criticized the use
of African American soldiers. 
• Many white Southerners were also outraged
and threatened to execute any they captured and
did execute some. 
• Enslaved workers were overjoyed to see
African American soldiers in the Union army.
(pages 476–477)