Interoperable provision of geodata and services according to the INSPIRE Directive in German geoportal sites
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This document provides an overview of INSPIRE, the Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe. It discusses INSPIRE's goals of improving environmental protection across borders by facilitating the sharing and combination of geospatial data. It outlines INSPIRE's key components, including its 34 data themes, metadata requirements, and network services like discovery, view and download services. It also presents statistics on INSPIRE's implementation in Germany and Europe, such as increasing numbers of available services and metadata records. Finally, it discusses some experiences in using Germany's national geoportal and INSPIRE-compliant services, noting both successes and opportunities for improvement.
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Interoperable provision of geodata and services according to the INSPIRE Directive in German geoportal sites
- 1. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany 1 Interoperable provision of geodata and services according to the INSPIRE Directive in German geoportal sites ICA Commission on Geoinformation Infrastructures and Standards SDI-Open 2015
- 2. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany 2 Outline • Part 1: Overview about INSPIRE • Part 2: Some findings about INSPIRE‘s implementation and adoption – regarding Gemany‘s federal SDI – Regarding Baden-Württemberg ( a Germen state) • Summary
- 3. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany 3 Part 1: Overview about INSPIRE
- 5. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany 5 Rationale • 20% of the EU citizens (115 million) live within 50 km from a border. • 70% of all fresh water bodies in Europe are part of a trans-boundary river basin. • But: Environmental phenomena (polutions and disasters) do not stop at national borders! VladoCetl:INSPIREprinciples,componentsandimplementation. http://www.inspire.gv.at/dms/inspire/dateien/INSPIRE-Training-2014-- Aalborg-DK/ • Goals regarding the environment: – Support high level of protection of the environment across national borders – Enhance sensitivity of the citizens regarding environmental information and policy making/decisions + • Added economic value --> promotion of the (geospatial) business
- 6. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany 6 • General rules to establish an Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe for Community environmental policies and policies • Policies or activities with impact on the environment • INSPIRE is built on the SDIs established and operated by the Member States + European INSPIRE portal (JRC) • Spatial data held by/on behalf of public authorities • Does not require collection of new data INSPIRE Directive (2007) http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal- content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32007L0002&from=EN
- 7. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany 7 Common principles • Efficiency: Data should be collected only once and kept where it can be maintained most effectively. • Ability of combination and sharing: It should be possible to combine seamless spatial information from different sources across Europe and share it with many users and applications. • Scale independency: It should be possible for information collected at one level/scale to be shared with all levels/scales; detailed for thorough investigations, general for strategic purposes. • Transparency: Geographic information needed for good governance at all levels should be readily and transparently available. • Accessibility: Easy to find what geographic information is available, how it can be used to meet a particular need, and under which conditions it can be acquired and used. After: http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/index.cfm/pageid/48 Concerning 34 geodata themes
- 8. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany 8 INSPIRE is a Framework Directive • Implementing Rules (IR): legal acts for 1. Metadata 2. Data Themes and their Specifications 3. Network based Services (discovery, view, download, transform, invoke) 4. Data and Service Sharing 5. Monitoring and Reporting • To achieve and to assure interoperability of 1) spatial data sets and 2) Services • Supported/Detailed by Technical Guidelines (TG)
- 9. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany 10 1. Metadata • metadata for spatial data – For discovery, evaluation and use – keywords – simple search criteria about key characteristics about the data set – Spatial and temporal extent – Must be kept consistent with the actual resource and • metadata for services (ISO19139) – enables the discovery of spatial data services. – service type – operations parameters – geographic information
- 10. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany 11 34 Spatial Data Themes laid down in 3 Annexes – (required to successfully build environmental information systems) 2. Data themes 1. Coordinate reference systems 2. Geographical grid systems 3. Geographical names 4. Administrative units 5. Addresses 6. Cadastral parcels 7. Transport networks (Road, rail, air and water, ...) 8. Hydrography (marine areas and all other water bodies, ...) 9. Protected sites 10. Elevation 11. Land cover 12. Orthoimagery (from either satellite or airborne sensors) 13. Geology (bedrock, aquifers and geomorphology) Annex I Annex II http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal- content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=OJ:L:2007:108:FULL&from=EN
- 11. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany 12 Annex III 14. Statistical units 15. Buildings 16. Soil 17. Land use 18. Human health and safety 19. Utility and governmental services 20. Environmental monitoring facilities 21. Production and industrial facilities 22. Agricultural and aquaculture facilities 23. Population distribution — demography 24. Area management/restriction/regulation zones and reporting units (dumping sites, restricted areas, …) 25. Natural risk zones 26. Atmospheric conditions 27. Meteorological geographical features 28. Oceanographic geographical features 29. Sea regions 30. Bio-geographical regions 31. Habitats and biotopes 32. Species distribution 33. Energy 34. Mineral resources 2. Data themes (cont‘d
- 12. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany 13 Data Sets according to Data Specifications • Required: Semantic Interoperability – possibility to combine harmonized spatial data (and services) from different sources across the European Community in a consistent manner: • Interoperable spatial feature types (attributes, data types, code lists, relationships) • common system of unique identifiers • As well required: – a common encoding (GML application schemas) – common portrayal rules • Public bodies can transform their spatial data into the relevant INSPIRE Data Specification schema
- 13. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany 14 3. Services "… are necessary for sharing spatial data between the various levels of public authority in the Community." [DIRECTIVE 2007/2/EC (17)] • Network services: service oriented architecture (SOA) – Metadata allow the description, discovery, and automatic usage of services – Services can be combined – Support by additional services and functionalities (i.e. Authentication, Authorisation, DRM, eCommerce)
- 14. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany 15 3. Service categories • Discovery services: search for spatial data sets and services on the basis of the content of corresponding metadata, and display the metadata content; • View services: as a minimum, display, navigate, zoom in/out, pan, or overlay spatial data sets and display legend information and any relevant content of metadata; • Download services: enabling copies of complete spatial data sets, or of parts of such sets, to be downloaded and where practicable, accessed directly; ---> Download predefined data sets (atom) or data objects (WFS) • Transformation services (for SRS and Data Models), enabling spatial data sets to be transformed with a view to achieving interoperability; • Invoke SD services: allowing spatial data services to be invoked. Registers Service Metadata Data Set Metadata Registry Service Discovery Service Rights Management Layers Applications and Geoportals Service Bus InvokeSD Service Transf. Service Spatial Data Sets View Service Download Service Data Layer Service Layer Appl. Layer Modifiiedafter:INSPIREServiceArchitecture,EuroGeographicsNetworkServices Workshop,5-6February2008,graham.vowles@ordnancesurvey.co.uk
- 15. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany 17 Source: Technical Guidance for the implementation of INSPIRE Discovery Services. http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/documents/Network_Services/TechnicalGuidance_DiscoveryServices_v3.1.pdf [2015-08-11]
- 16. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany 19 Mapping INSPIRE to OGC Services • View => WMS, WMTS, WTS • Discovery => CSW, SWE • Download ~ WFS and extensions, WCS, SOS • Transformation, ~ CT OR Coordinate Transformation as WPS Profile + Schema Translation • Invoke SD ~WPS Service After: INSPIRE Service Architecture, EuroGeographics Network Services Workshop, 5-6 February 2008, graham.vowles@ordnancesurvey.co.uk
- 17. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany 20 Specific requirements partially extending / narrowing OGC‘s standards • Integration of INSPIRE Service Metadata in the Capabilities documents? • Fulfilment of quality of service (QoS) requirements: Capacity > 30 request/s, Availability: maximum unplanned downtime of 3.63 days per year (Service Availability is vital for SDIs!) • Support of spatial reference systems EPSG:4326 and EPSG:4258 (ETRS89) (at least) including Bounding Box elements for the data layers? • Support of cartographic projections: Lambert-Conformal-Conic (EPSG:4839) and for scales >1:500.000 Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) • Coupling of Services, data and metadata (LayerTags <Identifier> and <MetadataURL>) • Cartographic legends for each style • Multi-language support, i.e. in the Capabilities document (LANGUAGE Parameter extension) OGC compliant products INSPIRE compliant products
- 18. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany 21 4. Agreements on sharing, access and use • Member States shall adopt measures for the sharing of spatial data sets and services between public authorities. • In addition those measures shall enable the relevant users, public and private, to gain access to spatial data sets and services, and to exchange and use those sets and services. Jes Ryttersgaard: Overview of INSPIRE. https://www.fig.net/resources/proceedings/fig_proceedings/cairo/papers/ts_42/ts42_02_ryttersgaa rd.pdf [2015-08-11]
- 19. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany 22 5. Monitoring & Reporting • For member states: obligation to report on the setup and operation of their respective geodata infrastructure as well as on the state of implementation of the INSPIRE directive. – For this purpose key figures on the infrastructure elements and content, such as geodatasets, network services and permanent descriptive metadata are every year collected, evaluated and published (Monitoring). • Reporting: every three years http://www.geoportal.de/EN/GDI-DE/INSPIRE/Directive/Monitoring- and-Reporting/monitoring-and-reporting.html?lang=en
- 20. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany 26 Part 2: Some findings about INSPIRE‘s implementation and adoption a) Statistics b) Emperical findings
- 21. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany 27 European Level • Statistics • Usability experiences
- 22. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany 28 Percentage of high available services (>99%, August 2014) http://servicemap.spatineo.com/
- 23. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany 29 Change in total number of services (August 2014 http://servicemap.spatineo.com/
- 24. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany 30 User experience in general: Feedback on the successful use of the INSPIRE geoportal Source: Mid-term Evaluation Report on INSPIRE Implementation (Technical report No 17/2014 ), http://www.geodaten.niedersachsen.de/download/96290/Einzelergebnis_INSPIRE_Public_Consultation_2014_7-Jahres_Online- Konsultation_.pdf [2015-08-16]
- 25. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany 31 Discoverability and Accessibility of Spatial Datasets in EU Geoportal and National Geoportals Source: Mid-term Evaluation Report on INSPIRE Implementation (Technical report No 17/2014 ), http://www.geodaten.niedersachsen.de/download/96290/Einzelergebnis_INSPIRE_Public_Consultation_2014_7-Jahres_Online- Konsultation_.pdf [2015-08-16]
- 26. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany 32 Main obstacles to INSPIRE implementation from 2014 INSPIRE Public Consultation0 50 100 150 200 Technical complexity (MD, web services, transformations, data specs,… Coordination: Top-down only / national /regionals coordination -… Communication: Lack of awareness / capacity building/INSPIRE for… Data harmonisation / too wide scope/multi ways to implement/data… Access to data - Open data - PSI - licensing - 3rd party IPRs-data sharing Lack of Human resources (IT/Domain experts) INSPIRE in the organisation product. line/national requirements/motivation Financing - EU/ National/local - implementation is too costly also for… Quality / completeness/ usefulness of MD / limited use of EU Geoportal Use cases - demonstrations - concrete benefits Senior level / political commitment Constant IT/TG development - SW missing to implement/use(WFS) -… EU Directive requirements integration (reporting eGovernment, but also… International standards interactions (OGC mainly, but also IHO, WMO) Relevance of INSPIRE, too complex, not demand - user based Long term vision/maintenance EU-national INSPIRE data not certified for decision making / conformance/service levels Ambitious road map / too long for implementation Total responses Data users Data producers Source:afterMid-termEvaluationReportonINSPIREImplementation(TechnicalreportNo17/2014), http://www.geodaten.niedersachsen.de/download/96290/Einzelergebnis_INSPIRE_Public_Consultati on_2014_7-Jahres_Online-Konsultation_.pdf[2015-08-16]
- 28. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany 34 German Level • Some statistics • Some usability experiences Member States shall ensure that appropriate structures and mechanisms are designated.
- 29. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany 36 Monitoring 2009 - 2013 (Germany) Modified after; Hogrebe D. (2014): INSPIRE-Monitoring: Identifizierung INSPIRE-relevanter Geodaten auf kommunaler Ebene. http://www.geoportal.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/GDI- DE/Vortraege/2014/140929_Dt_Staedtetag_Vortrag_Hogrebe.pdf?__blob=publicationFile
- 30. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany 37 Accessibility of metadata for the services through discovery services (Germany, 2013-2014) 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 Discover services View services Download services Transformation services Services to invoke Geodata services Other services 4 6334 5624 0 3 34 2013 2014
- 31. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany 38 Accessibility of metadata for the spatial data sets (Germany, 2013-2014) 2013 20140 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 All geodata themes Themes Appendix I Themes Appendix II Themes Appendix III 2013 2014
- 33. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany 40 Geodata Access • Discovery service is functional. • Is it useful? https://www.govdata.de/
- 34. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany 41 WebAtlasDE – powered by the Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy
- 37. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany 44 Java 1.6? Current version: 8! (Release date 14. Juli 2015)
- 39. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany 46 Coordinate transformation service • Functional, but restricted to relevant SRS
- 40. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany 47 Meta Data Search • Meta data of BKG & all Federal States: working
- 43. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany 50 From federal level to state level
- 45. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany 52 Land #inhabitants area (sqkm) #parcels (thousands) #Federal Mapping agencies #regional offices legal surveyers Baden- Württemberg 10.631.278 35.751 8.879 1 60 172 Bayern 12.604.244 70.550 10.713 1 51 — Berlin 3.421.829 892 399 1 12 51 Brandenburg 2.449.193 29.654 3.113 1 17 149 Bremen 657.391 419 207 1 1 5 Hamburg 1.746.342 755 252 1 — 8 Hessen 6.045.425 21.115 4.985 1 7 82 Mecklenburg- Vorpommern 1.596.505 23.212 1.904 1 7 67 Niedersachsen 7.790.559 47.614 6.164 1 — 102 Nordrhein- Westfalen 17.571.856 34.110 9.283 1 53 448 Rheinland-Pfalz 3.994.366 19.854 6.338 1 6 80 Saarland 990.718 2.569 1.289 1 — 11 Sachsen 4.046.385 18.420 2.706 1 13 106 Sachsen-Anhalt 2.244.577 20.452 2.662 1 — 52 Schleswig- Holstein 2.815.955 15.800 1.889 1 — 42 Thüringen 2.160.840 16.173 3.125 1 — 68 Summe Deutschland 80.767.463 357.340 63.908 16 227 1.443 http://www.adv- online.de/Veroeffentlichungen/Taetigkeitsberichte/binarywriterservlet?imgUid=50b705af -b615-1f41-b792-364072e13d63&uBasVariant=11111111-1111-1111-1111- 111111111111
- 46. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany 53 Reported Geodata sets and services (2014) 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 Geodata Services
- 47. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany 54 https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Deutschland_La ge_von_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/233px-Deutschland_Lage_von_Baden- W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png State Level: Baden-Württemberg • poor in natural resources • strong in technology and industrial production • among the most prosperous and wealthiest regions in Europe • Some background • Some statistics • Some usability experiences
- 48. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany 55 Accessibility of metadata for services through discovery services (BW, 2013-2014) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 2013 2014 Source: http://www.geoportal.de/monitoring2013/, http://www.geoportal.de/monitoring2014/
- 49. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany 56 Accessibility of metadata for Geodata themes (BW, 2013-2014) 2013 20140 20 40 60 80 100 120 All geodata themes Themes Appendix I Themes Appendix II Themes Appendix III 2013 2014 Source: http://www.geoportal.de/monitoring2013/, http://www.geoportal.de/monitoring2014/
- 50. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany 57 Geodata Themes Baden-Württemberg (2013-2014)
- 51. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany 58 Reported Services of different Bodies on State level (BW, 2009-2014) Source: http://www.geoportal-bw.de/geoportal/export/sites/default/galleries/ downloads/Auswertung_INSPIRE-Monitoring_2015_GDI-BW_V01.pdf
- 53. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany 60 Baden-Württemberg Geo-Search Geodata Viewer Geodata Base Geoportal Entry page -> new page, no content
- 54. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany 61 Geoportal Entry page -> new page, no content Themes of Geodatabase Baden-Württemberg
- 56. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany 63 Geodata Base (Geodatenbasis) Annex I 1. Coordinate reference systems 2. Geographical grid systems 3. Geographical names 4. Administrative units 5. Addresses 6. Cadastral parcels 7. Transport networks (Road, rail, air and water, ...) 8. Hydrography (marine areas and all other water bodies, ...) 9. Protected sitesNo data! 166 entries, listed according to the INSPIRE annexes.
- 60. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany 67 Another example: State „Hessen“ • August 2015!
- 61. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany 68 Conclusions (part II) • Much work has been done in the last 8 years. • Basically many services and geodata themes can be discovered. • Implementation and usability however, at least in some cases, is quite poor. • Apparently the technical/personal infrastructure for fully functional SDIs is not available everywhere. • Widespread usage requires: – [EU and] Member States should ensure that appropriate structures and mechanisms are designated. – The existence of these geodata and services must be communicated and advertised more intensively to companies and private citizens. [Spatineo 2015]
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Vlado Cetl: INSPIRE principles, components and implementation. http://www.inspire.gv.at/dms/inspire/dateien/INSPIRE-Training-2014--Aalborg-DK/INSPIRE-Training-2014---Teil-2---principles--components-and-implementation/INSPIRE%20Training%202014%20-%20Teil%202%20-%20principles,%20components%20and%20implementation.ppt Environmental phenomena (and disasters) do not stop at national borders! 20% of the EU citizens (115 million) live within 50 km from a border. 70% of all fresh water bodies in Europe are part of a trans-boundary river basin.
- 1. Coordinate reference systems Systems for uniquely referencing spatial information in space as a set of coordinates (x, y, z) and/or latitude and longitude and height, based on a geodetic horizontal and vertical datum. 2. Geographical grid systems Harmonised multi-resolution grid with a common point of origin and standardised location and size of grid cells. 3. Geographical names Names of areas, regions, localities, cities, suburbs, towns or settlements, or any geographical or topographical feature of public or historical interest. 4. Administrative units Units of administration, dividing areas where Member States have and/or exercise jurisdictional rights, for local, regional and national governance, separated by administrative boundaries. 5. Addresses Location of properties based on address identifiers, usually by road name, house number, postal code. 6. Cadastral parcels Areas defined by cadastral registers or equivalent. 7. Transport networks Road, rail, air and water transport networks and related infrastructure. Includes links between different networks. Also includes the trans-European transport network as defined in Decision No 1692/96/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 July 1996 on Community Guidelines for the development of the trans-European transport network (1) and future revisions of that Decision. 8. Hydrography levation Digital elevation models for land, ice and ocean surface. Includes terrestrial elevation, bathymetry and shoreline. 2. Land cover Physical and biological cover of the earth's surface including artificial surfaces, agricultural areas, forests, (semi-)natural areas, wetlands, water bodies. 3. Orthoimagery Geo-referenced image data of the Earth's surface, from either satellite or airborne sensors. 4. Geology Geology characterised according to composition and structure. Includes bedrock, aquifers and geomorphology. Hydrographic elements, including marine areas and all other water bodies and items related to them, including river basins and sub-basins. Where appropriate, according to the definitions set out in Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy (2) and in the form of networks. 9. Protected sites Area designated or managed within a framework of international, Community and Member States' legislation to achieve specific conservation objectives.
- 1.Statistical units Units for dissemination or use of statistical information. 2.Buildings Geographical location of buildings. 3.Soil Soils and subsoil characterised according to depth, texture, structure and content of particles and organic material, stoniness, erosion, where appropriate mean slope and anticipated water storage capacity. 4.Land use Territory characterised according to its current and future planned functional dimension or socio-economic purpose (e.g. residential, industrial, commercial, agricultural, forestry, recreational). 5.Human health and safety Geographical distribution of dominance of pathologies (allergies, cancers, respiratory diseases, etc.), information indicating the effect on health (biomarkers, decline of fertility, epidemics) or well-being of humans (fatigue, stress, etc.) linked directly (air pollution, chemicals, depletion of the ozone layer, noise, etc.) or indirectly (food, genetically modified organisms, etc.) to the quality of the environment. 6.Utility and governmental services Includes utility facilities such as sewage, waste management, energy supply and water supply, administrative and social governmental services such as public administrations, civil protection sites, schools and hospitals. 7.Environmental monitoring facilities Location and operation of environmental monitoring facilities includes observation and measurement of emissions, of the state of environmental media and of other ecosystem parameters (biodiversity, ecological conditions of vegetation, etc.) by or on behalf of public authorities. 8.Production and industrial facilities Industrial production sites, including installations covered by Council Directive 96/61/EC of 24 September 1996 concerning integrated pollution prevention and control (1) and water abstraction facilities, mining, storage sites. 9.Agricultural and aquaculture facilities Farming equipment and production facilities (including irrigation systems, greenhouses and stables). 10.Population distribution — demography Geographical distribution of people, including population characteristics and activity levels, aggregated by grid, region, administrative unit or other analytical unit. 11.Area management/restriction/regulation zones and reporting units Areas managed, regulated or used for reporting at international, European, national, regional and local levels. Includes dumping sites, restricted areas around drinking water sources, nitrate-vulnerable zones, regulated fairways at sea or large inland waters, areas for the dumping of waste, noise restriction zones, prospecting and mining permit areas, river basin districts, relevant reporting units and coastal zone management areas. 12.Natural risk zones Vulnerable areas characterised according to natural hazards (all atmospheric, hydrologic, seismic, volcanic and wildfire phenomena that, because of their location, severity, and frequency, have the potential to seriously affect society), e.g. floods, landslides and subsidence, avalanches, forest fires, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions. 13.Atmospheric conditions Physical conditions in the atmosphere. Includes spatial data based on measurements, on models or on a combination thereof and includes measurement locations. 14.Meteorological geographical features Weather conditions and their measurements; precipitation, temperature, evapotranspiration, wind speed and direction. 15.Oceanographic geographical features Physical conditions of oceans (currents, salinity, wave heights, etc.). 16.Sea regions Physical conditions of seas and saline water bodies divided into regions and sub-regions with common characteristics. 17.Bio-geographical regions Areas of relatively homogeneous ecological conditions with common characteristics. 18.Habitats and biotopes Geographical areas characterised by specific ecological conditions, processes, structure, and (life support) functions that physically support the organisms that live there. Includes terrestrial and aquatic areas distinguished by geographical, abiotic and biotic features, whether entirely natural or semi-natural. 19.Species distribution Geographical distribution of occurrence of animal and plant species aggregated by grid, region, administrative unit or other analytical unit. 20.Energy resources Energy resources including hydrocarbons, hydropower, bio-energy, solar, wind, etc., where relevant including depth/height information on the extent of the resource. 21.Mineral resources Mineral resources including metal ores, industrial minerals, etc., where relevant including depth/height information on the extent of the resource.
- The shading of each country indicates the percentage of high-availability services while the bars on the bottom show the number of both total services and high-availability services over time. Users can choose to inspect either the current month or any previous month. The high level SDI status data shown on the map immediately reveals that there is healthy growth in this sector. The quantity of spatial web services has continued to grow steadily over the past two years and the number of compliant services available is very promising.
- The high level SDI status data shown on the map immediately reveals that there is healthy growth in this sector. The quantity of spatial web services has continued to grow steadily over the past two years and the number of compliant services available is very promising.
- http://www.geodatenzentrum.de/geodaten/gdz_rahmen.gdz_div?gdz_spr=eng&gdz_akt_zeile=2&gdz_anz_zeile=0&gdz_user_id=0
- The coordinating structures in the Member States can also be considered in relation to the organisations taking the lead. In many countries, the lead has been assigned to the National Mapping and Cadastral Agencies (NMCAs), while in others it is the ministry for the environment, or equivalent, that is taking the lead. In a few cases, other ministries (e.g. informatics or communications) take the leading role.
- http://www.spatineo.com/2015/08/spatineo-service-map-visualises-spatial-web-service-growth-across-europe/