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Landasan Ilmiah

1
• Kuala Lumpur,
(
),
• Seoul (Incheon),
• Hong Kong
(
(Chek Lap Kok),
p
)
• Singapore
(Changi),
• Bangkok
(Suvarnabhumi).

Eff
ficient Gatew Model
t
way M

T
The Ae
erotrop
polis model
m

Concepts On The Development Of Airport Regions

• Frankfurt,
• Zurich.

2
Pengertian Dasar
Aerocity
y

3
Definisi

Aerotropolis

An aerotropolis is an
urban complex whose
b
l
h
layout, infrastructure and
economy are centered on
an airport.

Analogous in shape to the
traditional metropolis made up of
a central city and its rings of
commuter- heavy suburbs, the
aerotropolis consists of an airport
city core and outlying corridors
and clusters of aviation-linked
businesses and associated
residential developments.

4
Sumber : Aerotropolis: The Way We’ll Live Next? Interview with John D. Kasarda, ATLANTIS - MAGAZINE BY POLIS PLATFORM FOR URBANISM, #22.3 December 2011).

4
Perubahan Posisi Bandara Terhadap Kota

5
Evolusi Function dan Form Airport-Centric Commercial Development

6
Aerotropolis Schematic

7

7
Taoyuan Taiwan version of Airport City Schematic

8

8
Peran Aerocity
Dalam Lingkup Makro/Regional
g p
g

9
Peran Bandara dalam Perekonomian Global
1.

Perekonomian suatu negara terkait dengan perekonomian global melalui kota-kota
yang disebut sebagai :
a. World city.
b. Global city.
c.
c Alpha city
city.

2.

Untuk berhubungan dengan perekonomian global tersebut. Salah satu hal yang
harus dimiliki negara tersebut adalah keberadaan kota, yang disebut sebagai :
airport city, aerotropolis atau airport corridor.

3.

Kesuksesan bandara bergantung kepada faktor-faktor seperti :
a. Ketersediaan lahan untuk pengembangan di bandara.
b. Lokasi bandara dalam lingkup jaringan praarana wilayah.
c.
c Struktur sosial-ekonomi wilayah
sosial ekonomi wilayah.
d. Kerangka kelembagaan pemerintahan setempat.
e. Kerangka perencanaan (planning framework).

10
Karakteristik Dasar Global City
1.

Karakteristik Ekonomi.

2.

Karakteristik Politis.

3.

Karakteristik Budaya.

4.

Karakteristik Prasarana.

Evaluasi peringkat untuk 4 kategori alpha city didasarkan atas : kegiatan bisnis, SDM,
pertukaran informasi, pengalaman budaya, dan kepastian politik.

11
Bandara Soekarno Hatta & BIJB
Bandara

Kota

Status Global City

Soekarno- Hatta

Jakarta

Alpha Minus

BIJB

Majalengka/Bandung

?

12
Peran Aero City/Aerotropolis

Tenaga
Kerja

Pertumbuhan
Ekonomi
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Aerotropolis

Bentuk Urban Baru
Rantai Permintaan Global
“Internet”
Bandara adalah ruter
Bandara lebih dari sebatas infrastruktur
Penerbangan
Zona pertemuan
Angkutan umum
Kecepatan t h d pasar
K
t terhadap

Kota Bandara

Off Airport

Termin
On Airport Terminal
al
l

Off Airport
On Airport

Kota Bandara
Aerotropolis

Pariwisata
Kawasan

13

Populasi
Kawasan
Dampak Ekonomi dari Penerbangan Komersial
Dampak Langsung
Permintaan pemasukan perantara dan hasil
investasi dari aktivitas ekonomi di kawasan
bandara

Dampak Tidak Langsung
Produksi,
Produksi tenaga kerja dan hasil pendapatan
dari lokasi pemesanan menuju penjual oleh
perusahaan di bandara

Dampak Pasti
Produksi, tenaga kerja, dan hasil pendapatan dari
• konsumsi belanja dari pendapatan oleh tenaga
kerja bandara
• Konsumsi belanja dari pendapatam oleh pekerja
pedagangan bandara
Dampak Keseluruhan
Dampak Katalis

Sumber : Looking in all the wrong places? Catalytic effects in the context of product
cycle theory.
Stephen J. Appold and John D. Kasarda
Faktor Utama
Pengembangan Aerocity
g
g
y

15
Faktor Utama Pertumbuhan Kota Bandara

Sumber penerimaan yang tidak terkait kegiatan penerbangan.
Kebutuhan sektor komersial akan lahan.
Pertumbuhan konstan penumpang dan kargo.
Bandara yang berfungsi sebagai katalis dan magnet untuk perkembangan kegiatan
bisnis di sekitarnya.

16
Faktor Utama Pertumbuhan Kota Bandara

Kegiatan terkait langsung dengan penerbangan.
Kegiatan terkait dengan fungsi bandara.
Kegiatan berorientasi bandara.
g

17
Airport City Success Factors

18

Sumber : Sustainable Airport Region, Managing Airport Cities: Benchmark Study 2008, Stephanie Betz

18
Airport City Success Factors
Kombinasi dari 8 faktor ini menentukan dalam penerapan, praktek, dan keberhasilan konsep Kota Bandara

Kerangka Kerja

1

Struktur Pemegang
Saham

4

Sistem Legal
Interaksi ahli perencana

5

Kepemimpinan
Organisasi
p
kompetensi

Dari operator bandara
p
Relasi negara/ kota

2

Kondisi Infrastruktur
Dalam konteks kota/
kawasan
Hubungan lokal/
internasional

6

Perencanaan dan
Budaya Pengembangan

Faktor Keberhasilan
Kota Bandara

7 Perjanjian Pemegang
j j
g g

Fungsi Utama Bandara
g
3

Profil penerbangan
Posisi
Struktur Jaringan

Saham/ Stakeholder

Kondisi Keruangan

Persyaratan penerbangan/ non
penerbangan
ketersediaan

8

Visi dan Strategis
Kerja sama dan komunikasi

Sumber : Sustainable Airport Region, Managing Airport Cities: Benchmark Study 2008, Stephanie Betz

19
Faktor Utama Pengembangan Aero City/Aerotropolis
Key Factors That Facilitate Airport-Centric Development

Kolaborasi
Stakeholder

Pengembangan
kawasan

20
National Airspace System - Airport-centric Development

Sumber dana

Pengembangan
bandara

Hubungan
Faktor-Faktor Penggerak Perkembangan Aero City
1.

Long-haul jet aircraft connecting people, products, and enterprises world-wide.

2.

Supply chain processes where parts and components are manufactured in a half-dozen different countries,
assembled in a seventh country and distributed to a multitude of others.

3.

The growth of world tourism.

4.

“Must have it now” consumer age.

5.
5

Air cargo was the primar dri er
as
primary driver.

6.

Rapid passenger and cargo growth.

7.

New economy products (typically small, light, compact, high value-to-weight parts, components and
assembled products) are i
bl d
d t )
increasingly shipped internationally by air in a fast and agile manner.
i l hi
di t
ti
ll b i i
f t d il

8.

The huge volume of time-critical products (including perishables) such as micro-electronics,
pharmaceuticals, medical devices and aerospace equipment traversing international boundaries by air
annually h resulted in air cargo accounting for approximately 35% of the value of t d ’ world trade.
ll has
lt d i i
ti f
i t l
f th
l
f today’s
ld t d

9.

In order to gain a competitive advantage through the speedy global supply-chain connectivity that air cargo
provides, high-tech manufacturers and other time-critical industries are locating at sites around or
accessible to well-connected airports.
ell connected airports

10.

As their suppliers and logistics providers co-locate, they drive additional investment and employment
growth in airport regions.

21
Tahapan
Pengembangan
g
g

22
Metodologi (Ideal)
Thinking Like Developers

Sumber : 2013 AIRPORT ECONOMICS & HUMAN
CAPITAL CONFERENCE, Airport City Real Estate
23
Development Opportunities & Challenges

23
Metodologi (Ideal)
Identifikasi Resiko

Rencana Strategis Bandara

Rencana
Manajemen
Resiko

Rencana
Marketing

Rencana
Bisnis

Master
Plan

Rencana
Guna Lahan

Keterangan
= Perencanaan dan
Pengembangan

Rencana SDM

= Administrasi
= Bisnis/ Keuangan

Rencana Pengembangan
dan Pelatihan

24
Metodologi (Ideal)

25
Three Stages of Aerotropolis Planning

26
Integrated Aerotropolis Planning

27
Jenis Kegiatan di Dalam
Aerocity
y

28
Jenis Kegiatan di Aero City/Aerotropolis
Example of Air and Surface Connectivity Benefitting Manufacturing, Repair, and Training

29
Jenis Kegiatan di Aero City/Aerotropolis
Synopsis of Logistics Clusters

30
Jenis Kegiatan di Aero City/Aerotropolis
Synopsis of Logistics Clusters
Jalur
J l
Kapal
Jalur
Udara

Perawatan
Kontainer

Perawatan
Pesawat
P
t

Pelayanan Logistik

Perawatan
Pesawat
Transportasi
Darat

Penyediaan
Logistik

31

Operasi Pelabuhan
Jabel Ali and Dubai Airport FZ
Authority

Gudang &
Penyimpanan

Instasi
Perawatan

Operasi Kargo Bandara
O
iK
B d
UAE Customs
Agen pemerintah lainnya
Kegiatan Terkait Keberadaan Bandara
1. Core aeronautical activities are part of the
technical operation of the airport, directly
supporting the air traffic function.

1. Kegiatan inti
penerbangan.

2. A relation to air-freight or air-passenger
movements, (e.g., logistics and distribution
activities or terminal retail and hotels). Their
hotels)
competitiveness and/or business revenues
are closely tied to the scale of air
traffic.irport related
traffic.irport-related activities have a direct

2. Kegiatan terkait
dengan bandara
yang berhubungan
dengan pergerakan
penumpang dan
barang.

3. Airport-oriented activities choose the airport
area because of the image of the airport and
its typically excellent ground accessibility
accessibility.
The price of land and surface connectivity,
rather than relation to air traffic, are key the
factors in determining those activities
locating in the airport area.

3. Kegiatan berorientasi
bandara.

32
Rantai Keterkaitan Aktivitas Ekonomi

33
Alternatif Pembiayaan
Denver International Airport
Public Sector
City and Country of
Denver, City of Aurora
Brighton, Commerce City
Bennet, Adams County
State of Colorado

Quasi – Governmental
Metro Denver EDC,
Commerce Cit ED Ad
C
City ED, Adams
County ED Front Range
Airport, E-470 Highway
Authority DRCOG, RTD, DTP
et al

Land Owners

DIA

I.C. Fulenwider LNR A&C
IC F l
id LNR, A&C,
Smith The Pauls Corp.
Prologis, Oakwood Homes
Majestic Realty Corp. et al

End Users
Developers, Investors,
Tenants, Customers, et al
Sumber : 2013 AIRPORT ECONOMICS & HUMAN
CAPITAL CONFERENCE, Airport City Real Estate
34
Development Opportunities & Challenges

34
Alternatif Pembiayaan
Denver’s Economic Clusters

Sumber : 2013 AIRPORT ECONOMICS & HUMAN
CAPITAL CONFERENCE, Airport City Real Estate
35
Development Opportunities & Challenges

35
Airport City Denver & Economic Clusters

Sumber : 2013 AIRPORT ECONOMICS & HUMAN
CAPITAL CONFERENCE, Airport City Real Estate
36
Development Opportunities & Challenges

36
Airport City Denver & Economic Clusters

37

37
Dasar-Dasar Penyusunan
Rencana Tata Ruang Aerocity
g
y

38
Konsep Struktur Ruang

Analogous in shape to the traditional metropolis made up of a central city core and
its rings of commuter-heavy suburbs, the aerotropolis consists of an airport-centred
commercial core (airport city) and outlying corridors and clusters of aviation-linked
businesses and associated residential development.

39
Konsep Pola Ruang
1.

The Aerotropolis incorporates aviation-linked business and industrial clusters at and around airports and
along airport access corridors.

2.

The aerotropolis has both spatial and functional forms. Its spatial form consists of aviation- oriented
businesses and their associated residential developments which cluster around airports and outward along
connecting transport corridors generating observable physical features. The functional form consists of a
more diffuse airport-integrated economic region whose businesses are as closely linked to distant suppliers,
custom ers, and enterprise partners as they are to those in their own region.
,
p
p
y
g

3.

Corporate headquarter functions. The full-range of office services and business support staff of a traditional
corporate complex are available, including meeting rooms, computers and advanced telecom, secretarial and
tech assistance.

4.

Retail mall concepts have been merged into passenger terminals. Airport property beyond the terminal is
being developed with hotel and entertainment facilities, conference and exhibition complexes, shopping
centers, office buildings, and logistics and free trade zones. Airports also frequently offer complementary
sets of f iliti f airport and airline employees (
t f facilities for i
t d i li
l
(such as d care centers and h lth clinics), as well as
h
day
t
d health li i )
ll
commercially serve residents in the local market area.

5.

Cluster, rather than strip development, should be encouraged along airport transportation corridors with
sufficient green space between clusters. Residential mixed use developments for airport area workers and
clusters
mixed-use
frequent air travelers should be designed to human scale, encouraging social interaction and sense of
neighborhood. In short, aerotropolis development and “smart growth” should go hand-in-hand.

40
Konsep Sistem Transportasi
1. Air cargo hub.
2. Multimodal air logistics hub.
g
3. Good surface transportation accessibility exists to the airport area.
4.
4 Rapid ground connectivity to much of the region and beyond is provided
by the inter city rail station underneath the complex.
5. Dedicated airport expressway links (aerolanes) and high-speed airport
high speed
express trains (aerotrains) should efficiently connect airports to business
and residential clusters, near and far. Special truck-only lanes should be
added to airport expressways, as should improved interchanges to reduce
dd d t i
t
h ld i
di t
h
t
d
congestion.

41
Isu Pengembangan Pola Ruang
1.

Isu Kebisingan

2.

Isu Keamanan dan Keselamatan
a. Tall Structures (Bangunan Tinggi)
b. Visual Obstructions and Electronic Interference (Gangguan Pandangan dan Pengaruh
Elektronik)
1)

Debu

2)

Silau

3)

Pancaran Cahaya

4)

Asap, Uap dan Kabut

c. Serangan Burung dan Satwa Liar

42
Kesesuaian Guna Lahan Perumahan
Jenis Guna Lahan Perumahan

Kerentanan
Pusat
Ketinggian
Kebisingan
Aktivitas
Struktur
Rumah tunggal
P
KP
TP

Gambaran
Halangan

Kehidupan Liar dan
Atraksi Burung

Rumah tunggal (tergabung dan
KP
KP
terpisah)
Rumah susun (seperti dua atau lebih unit tempat tinggal dalam bangunan tunggal, apartemen seperti
kondominium, elder, assisted living, townhouse)
Kepadatan rendah (level 1-3)
P
KP
TP
KP
KP
Kepadatan menengah (level 4-12)
Kepadatan tinggi (level 13 atau lebih)

P
P

P
P

KP
P

P
P

KP
KP

Kelompok tempat tinggal (assisted
living, kelompok fasilitas, bangunan
p
perawatan dan renovasi, kelompok
p
rumah tunggal)
Taman Perumahan

P

P

KP

P

KP

P

P

TP

KP

P

P = Pengaruh
KP = Kemungkinan Pengaruh
TP = Tidan Berpengaruh
Sumber : Mead & Hunt Ins.

Sumber : Airport City, http://ebooks.narotama.ac.id/files/Airport%20Engineering43
Planning,%20Design,%20and%20Development%20of%2021st%20Century%20Airports%20(4th%20Edition)/C
hapter%2016%20Airport%20City.pdf

43
Dasar Pertimbangan Pengembangan Pola Ruang
Kesesuaian Guna Lahan Perdagangan
Gambaran
Kerentanan
Pusat Aktivitas Ketinggian Struktur
Halangan
Kebisingan
Aktivitas Komersil
Penyedia Makanan dan Minuman
P
P
KP
KP
Pelayanan Kendaraan
TP
KP
TP
KP
Perkantoran (bisnis, pemerintahan, spesialis, kesehatan, atau lembaga keuangan)
Kepadatan rendah (Level 2 -3)
P
KP
TP
KP
Kepadatan menengah (level 3 – 12)
P
P
KP
KP
Kepadatan tinggi (level 12 lebih)
P
P
P
KP
Retail (pedagangan, lease, atau rentalan)
Sales-oriented
KP
KP
KP
KP
Pelayanan
P
KP
KP
KP
Perbaikan/
P b ik / renovasi
i
P
KP
TP
KP
Perhotelan (hotel, motel, convention centre, gedung
P
P
KP
KP
pertemuan, fasilitas pertunjukan)
Kepadatan rendah (Level 2 -3)
P
P
P
P
Kepadatan
K d t menengah (l l 3 – 12)
h (level
KP
KP
TP
KP
Kepadatan tinggi (level 12 lebih)
KP
P
KP
KP
Gudang terbuka dan display
KP
KP
TP
KP
Pelayanan umum (terminal bus, stasiun, dan taxi)
KP
P
KP
KP
Bengkel (bengkel pertokoan toko ban)
(bengkel, pertokoan,
TP
KP
TP
KP
Jenis Guna Lahan Komersial

Kehidupan Liar dan
Atraksi Burung
P
KP
KP
KP
P
KP
P
KP
KP
P
KP
KP
KP
KP
KP

P = Pengaruh
KP = Kemungkinan Pengaruh
TP = Tidan Berpengaruh
Sumber : Mead & Hunt Ins.
Sumber : Airport City, http://ebooks.narotama.ac.id/files/Airport%20Engineering44
Planning,%20Design,%20and%20Development%20of%2021st%20Century%20Airports%20(4th%20Edition)/C
hapter%2016%20Airport%20City.pdf

44
Dasar Pertimbangan Pengembangan Pola Ruang
Tabel Kesesuaian Guna Lahan Industri
Guna Lahan

Kerentanan
Kebisingan

Pusat
Ketinggian Gambaran
Aktivitas
Struktur
Halangan

Aktivitas Industri/ Manufaktur
Kawasan Pelayanan Industri (industry bubut, perbaikan
TP
P
KP
KP
barang, pergudangan, dsb)
Kawasan Produksi dan Manufaktur (manufaktur, proses, pabrik, perakitan)
Manufaktur Teknik
KP
P
KP
P
Manufaktur Umum
TP
P
KP
P
Manufaktur Berat
TP
KP
P
P
Pengolahan dan Pertambangan
TP
KP
TP
P
Operasi Pen ela matan (firma peng mp lan
Penyela-matan
pengumpulan,
TP
TP
KP
KP
penyimpanan, dan pembongkaran kendaraan, mesin –
mesin, peralatan, dan material bangunan)
Penyimpanan / Per-gudangan Industri (gudang kecil/
TP
TP
TP
KP
fasilitas gudang)
Kargo (pusat distrbusi, pergud-angan/ kargo, dsb)
TP
KP
KP
KP
Pembuangan (pusat daur ulang, pembuangan sampah,
TP
TP
KP
P
p
pusat transfer sampah, kompos, dsb)
p
p
)
Grosiran (diskon, persewaan, atau rental barang untuk
TP
TP
TP
KP
industri, institusi, atau investasi)

Kehidupan Liar
dan Atraksi
Burung
KP

KP
KP
P
P
KP

KP
KP
P
KP

P = Pengaruh
KP = Kemungkinan Pengaruh
TP = Tidan Berpengaruh
Sumber : Mead & Hunt Ins.
45

45
Dasar Pertimbangan Pengembangan Pola Ruang
Tabel Kesesuaian Guna Lahan Institusi
Guna Lahan
Universitas dan Sekolah Tinggi
Pelayanan Komunitas (publik, non profit, atau
lembaga sosial)
Pelayanan komunitas umum (perpustakaan,
museum, pusat transit, TOD)
Pelayanan komunitas khusus (persinggahan)
Penitipan anak (perawatan anak, perawatan
remaja,
remaja PAUD)
Penahanan (penjara, pusat rehabilitasi)
Fasilitas Pendidikan (negeri dan swasta)
Fasilitas pendidikan umum (SD negeri dan swasta/
MI, SMP/MTS, dan SMA/MA serta asrama dan
pendidikan militer)
Fasilitas pendidikan khusus (perekonomian, bisnis,
atau kursus tanpa gelar)
kursus,
Rumah sakit (rumah sakit, klinik)
Perkumpulan agama (kris-tiani, Hindustani,
sinagog, muslim, masonik, dsb)
P = Pengaruh
KP = Kemungkinan Pengaruh
46
TP = Tidan Berpengaruh
Sumber : Mead & Hunt Ins.

Kerentanan
Pusat
Kebisingan
Aktivitas
Aktivitas Institusi
P
P

Ketinggian
Struktur

Gambaran
Halangan

Kehidupan Liar dan
Atraksi Burung

P

P

P

P

P

KP

P

P

P
P

KP
P

TP
TP

KP
P

KP
P

P

P

KP

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

KP

KP

KP

P
P

P
P

P
P

P
P

P
KP

46
Dasar Pertimbangan Pengembangan Pola Ruang
Tabel Kesesuaian Guna Lahan Prasarana dan Transportasi
Kerentanan
Pusat
Ketinggian
Kebisingan
Aktivitas
Struktur
Aktivitas pelayanan infrastruktur
Utilitas dasar (cabang jaringan jaringan elektrik
jaringan,
elektrik,
TP
TP
KP
sanitasi dan gorong-gorong, menara air)
Guna Lahan

Fasilitas transmisi komunikasi (pemancar,
nirkabel, tower darurat, dan antenna)
Perparkiran (besmen, struktur parkir)
Transportasi (jalan raya, jalan antar kota, jalan
lokal,
lokal dan jalan nasional)
Utilitas (pembangkit tenaga listrik, generator
angin, dan turbin)

Gambaran
Halangan

Kehidupan Liar dan
Atraksi Burung

P

P

TP

TP

P

P

KP

TP
TP

KP
KP

P
TP

KP
KP

KP
TP

TP

TP

P

P

TP

P = Pengaruh
KP = Kemungkinan Pengaruh
TP = Tidan Berpengaruh
Sumber : Mead & Hunt Ins.

Sumber : Airport City, http://ebooks.narotama.ac.id/files/Airport%20Engineering47
Planning,%20Design,%20and%20Development%20of%2021st%20Century%20Airports%20(4th%20Edition)/C
hapter%2016%20Airport%20City.pdf

47
Dasar Pertimbangan Pengembangan Pola Ruang
Tabel Kesesuaian Guna Lahan Pertanian dan Ruang Terbuka
Kerentanan
Pusat
Ketinggian
Kebisingan
Aktivitas
Struktur
Aktivitas Pertanian dan Ruang Terbuka
Pertanian (pengolahan tanaman dan lumbung)
Hubungan hewan dan tumbuhan
TP
TP
KP
Hubungan permukiman (gudang bahan
P
TP
KP
bakar/ fasilitas pemompaan, pembongkaran
dan pengupasan, perdagangan hasil tani)
Guna Lahan

Gambaran
Halangan

Kehidupan Liar dan
Atraksi Burung

TP
KP

P
P

Banjir
Sumber air (air permukaan)

TP

TP

TP

TP

P

Sumber daya buatan (pertambangan dan
ekstraksi, kolam penam-pungan air, lahan
basah)
Sumber daya alami (danau, kolam, padang
rumput, sungai, kali, lahan basah)
Kawasan perlindungan hewan

TP

TP

TP

P

P

TP

TP

TP

P

P

P

KP

TP

P

P

P =P
Pengaruh
h
KP = Kemungkinan Pengaruh
TP = Tidan Berpengaruh
Sumber : Mead & Hunt Ins.

Sumber : Airport City, http://ebooks.narotama.ac.id/files/Airport%20Engineering48
Planning,%20Design,%20and%20Development%20of%2021st%20Century%20Airports%20(4th%20Edition)/C
hapter%2016%20Airport%20City.pdf

48
Dasar Pertimbangan Pengembangan Pola Ruang
Tabel Kesesuaian Guna Lahan Olahraga dan Rekreasi
Guna Lahan

Kerentanan
Kebisingan

Aktivitas taman dan hiburan
Hiburan komersil (fasilitas latihan fisik, rekreasi, dan budaya)
Aktivitas di luar (perkemahan, fasilitas
P
tenis/berenang, bioskop terbuka, skatting,
paviliun)
KP
Aktivitas dalam ruangan (fitness, klub kesehatan,
bowling, skatting, billiard, taman bermain, teater
tertutup)
Golf (lintasan golf, lapangan golf mini)
P
Utilitas (taman bermain, lintasan balap, arena
P
olah raga)
Taman (aquatic, fasilitas olah raga kawasan,
P
keber-tentanggaan, seko-lah, komunitas)
Kasino
TP

Pusat Aktivitas

Ketinggian
Struktur

Gambaran
Halangan

Kehidupan Liar
dan Atraksi
Burung

KP

KP

P

KP

P

KP

P

KP

TP
P

TP
P

KP
P

P
P

KP

P

KP

KP

P

KP

P

P

Sumber : Airport City, http://ebooks.narotama.ac.id/files/Airport%20Engineering49
Planning,%20Design,%20and%20Development%20of%2021st%20Century%20Airports%20(4th%20Edition)/C
hapter%2016%20Airport%20City.pdf

49
Hal-Hal Yang Perlu Diwaspadai
Dalam Pengembangan Aerocity
g
g
y

50
Hal-Hal Yang Harus Diwaspadai

1

2

Aerotropolis
Ae ot opolis has to be more than a “b ild
mo e
“build
it and they will come” airport dream.
Success rests on market realities and
adequate air service.

The opportunities or constraints to
aerotropolis roll-out are determined by
natural ecological factors, surface
p
,
p
transportation infrastructure, ownership of
land parcels, labor force characteristics,
and local governance structures.

51

51
Persoalan Terkait Pola Ruang

Lack of alignment between airport, city and regional planning;
Lack of integrated forward-looking spatial planning and joint-agreements;
Lack of coordination between different levels of government and other stakeholders;
Blighted conditions where small-scale older uses have been disenfranchised from wider
improvement coalitions;
Competition, conflict and confusion between local authorities over development philosophies
and planning controls;
Equitable financing of infrastructure provision;
Traffic congestion at airports stimulated by airport-related commercial activity;
Uncertainty regarding optimal character of on- and near-airport commercial development; and
Resistance from ’high street‘ traders and local municipalities to expansion of retailing at
airports.

Sumber : The planning of airport regions and National Aviation Policy Issues and challenges in Australia 2008-2009,
Robert Freestone and Douglas Baker.

52
Diagram Konsep
Pengembangan Aerocity
g
g
y

53
Runways: Regional Bones

54
Safety and Navigation Implications

55
The Noise Footprint

56
A Need for Services

57
Airport City Functions

58
A City Airport Becomes an Airport City

59
Perumusan
Konsep Pengembangan
p
g
g

60
Development Principles
Pittsburgh International Airport

1.

Develop a multi-jurisdictional strategy

2.

Plan primarily for airport related uses

3.

Develop airport compatible uses

4.

Concentrate development

5.

Preserve natural areas

6.

Develop sustainably

7.

Provide connectivity

8.

Encourage mixed-use development

9.
9

Encourage infill development

10. Make places, not sprawl.

61
Conceptual Development Program
Pittsburgh International Airport

Flex and distribution
Bonded warehouses
Freight forwarders
Free trade zone assembly and
shipping
Just-in-time electronics repairs
Just-in-time manufacturing
Technology companies
information technology
robotics
bio medical
bio-medical
Energy

Satellite university campuses
Hospitals and trauma centers

Aerotropolis support services and
uses
hotels
entertainment
conference centers
retail and food
mixed income housing

Headquarters
International
National
Regional

E-Fulfillment centers
Destination entertainment
R & D parks
Corporate campuses

62
Proposed Business Environment
Piedmont Triad Aerotropolis

63
Rincian Jenis Kegiatan
Di DalamAerocity
y

64
Basic Design Principles for an Aerotropolis
1.

Improving transportation capacity whether by highway or rail. There are those who
believe that limiting capacity limits travel. That may be true but the congestion
caused by limited capacity causes more emissions than adequate capacity.

2.

Minimizing the needed ground movement. With the increase in especially business
air travel, airports have become an important part of the metropolitan movement
travel
equation.

3.

g
y
g
p
g
Per movement aircraft emissions and noise are generally decreasing but planning
air routes and land use in combination can still reduce exposure.

65
Proses Perkembangan Aerocity
1.

Pengembangan kawasan komersial yang pesat di dan di sekitar gerbang bandara menjadikan kegiatan
tersebut sebagai generator pertumbuhan perkotaan dan menjadikan bandara sebagai :
a.

p
pusat lapangan pekerjaan yang penting,
p g p
j
y gp
g,

b.

kawasan perbelanjaan,

c.

perdagangan, serta

d.

destinasi bisnis,

serta bandara membangun sebuah “brand image” tersendiri untuk menarik kegiatan bisnis yang tidak
berkaitan dengan kebandarudaraan.
2.

Sifat alami dari pasar lokal dalam kegiatan industri dan komersial memiliki peran penting dalam
keberlangsungan kota bandara dan kegiatan di dalamnya.

3.

Area di sekitar bandara juga dapat menarik kegiatan bisnis, pekerja-pekerja profesional dan penduduk yang
lebih banyak dibanding dengan área lain, pembangunan kegiatan komersial di dalam kawasan bandara
merefleksikan kebutuhan dari pekerjaan, pekerja dan penduduk terhadap pelayanan yang disediakan oleh
bisnis yang berbasis bandara. pelayanan-pelayanan tersebut meliputi pelayanan perumahan, rekreasi,
kuliner, perdagangan, kesehatan, penitipan anak dan dokter hewan.

66
Proses Perkembangan Aerocity
4.

Kebutuhan–kebutuhan untuk kegiatan bisnis yang berbasis pada bandara saat ini disediakan di dalam
kawasan campuran (mixed use) yang luas di dalam área bandara, sebagai sentra pembangunan
metropolitan. Pergeseran ini membuat pembangunan kota bandara sebagai model perencanaan kreartif dan
p
g
p
g
g
p
atribut-atribut managemen yang berbeda.
a.

Perkantoran dan Kegiatan Bisnis, meliputi Kawasan Bisnis

b.

Logistik dan Distribusi, meliputi Freight Forwarding, 3 PL’s, Flow-thru

c.

Produksi Barang, meliputi Kawasan Industri.

67
Jenis Kegiatan di Dalam Aerocity
Aerotropolis menjadi generator utama pengembangan kawasan karena merupakan
kawasan cepat tumbuh berbasis bandara atau sering disebut airport-centric
commercial development. Kawasan ini menciptakan secara mandiri :
1.

significant employment,

2.
2

shopping,
h
i

3.

trading,

4.
4

business meeting
meeting,

5.

entertainment, and

6.

leisure destinations,

sehingga menjadi kota handal dan menjadi daya tarik global (melalui airplane network)
dan lokal (melalui multimodal lokal).

68
Daftar Kegiatan Komersial Kota Bandara
1.

Pertokoan

2.

Restoran

3.

Kegiatan entertainmen dan kebudayaan

4.

Hotel dan akomodasinya

5.
5

Bank dan penukaran mata uang asing

6.

Gedung Perkantoran

7.

Convention and exhibition centers

8.

Hiburan, rekreasi dan pusat kebugaran

9.

Logistik dan distribusi

10.
10 Pengawetan makanan dan pendinginan
11. Katering dan kuliner
12. Perdagangan bebas dan sejenisnya
13. Lapangan golf
14. Factory outlets
15 P l
15. Pelayanan k l
keluarga, seperti kli ik k
ti klinik kesehatan d penitipan anak
h t dan
iti
k
69
Skema Tipe Kegiatan Kota Bandara
1.

Kegiatan di dalam kota bandara :
a. Pelayanan konsumen.
b. Kawasan perdagangan, meliputi pertokoan.
c. Real estate, meliputi perkantoran, hotel dan bongkar muat.
d.
d Multi moda meliputi taxi trem, bus dan kereta api.
moda,
taxi, trem
api
e. Infrastruktur terminal, meliputi terminal.
f.

2.

Infrastruktur dasar, meliputi jalan raya.

Kegiatan di luar kota bandara :
a. Hotel dan penginapan.
b. Kegiatan pertemuan, meliputi eksibisi dan konferensi.
c. Kegiatan perdagangan, meliputi pusat perbelanjaan.

70
Penerjemahan “Penggerak” Menjadi “Kegiatan”

71
Pembiayaan
Aerocity
y

72
Alternatif Pembiayaan
Tahapan Pengembangan Berdasarkan Sumber Pembiayaan
He advises them on how to achieve the “Airport City’s Triple Bottom Line.”
The first point is that major airports now receive more of their revenue from
nonaeronautical sources than from aeronautical sources.
Secondly, rapid commercial development at and around major airports transforms
them into leading urban growth generators as airport areas become significant
employment, shopping, and business destinations in their own right.
The airport area finally develops a “brand image” attracting even non-airport linked
businesses.
Thus, Kasarda is advocating for nothing less than creating whole new airport-themed
urban zones within regions.
b
i hi
i
Sumber : Aerotropoli, The Logic of Globalization and the Rise of Dr. John Kasarda, By John Patrick Good Globalization Spaces
Final Research Paper December 18, 2007

73
Sumber Pembiayaan

Airport-lead, Airport-funded.
For those communities whose Airport has taken a lead role in the creation of an Aerotropolis, those efforts are also primarily, if not
entirely, funded by that Airport. In these communities, the very active marine port authorities in those communities compliment the
economic development efforts coordinated by their airports.

Large scale private developers
developers.
These Aerotropolis communities have benefitted from vast tracts of available, developable land and the participation of a few real
estate developers. These developers have privately financed. large scale communities, business parks, industrial facilities, and
logistics parks where there once was desert or farmland.

Combination of Public and Private sector financial contributions.
In th
I those communities where private sector involvement is strong and available land is at a premium, companies and units of
iti
h
i t
t i
l
ti t
d
il bl l d i t
i
i
d
it f
government have made financial contributions to the Aerotropolis organization operating in that community.

State and Federal grants/tax incentives.
For a number of Aerotropolis communities, the ability to offer tax incentives or the award of grant money has been given by the
State or Federal Government.

Sumber : 2013 AIRPORT ECONOMICS & HUMAN CAPITAL
CONFERENCE, Airport City Real Estate Development
Opportunities & Challenges

74
Alternatif Pembiayaan
Non-Airline Revenue Target

Sumber : 2013 AIRPORT ECONOMICS & HUMAN
CAPITAL CONFERENCE, Airport City Real Estate
75
Development Opportunities & Challenges
Alternatif Pembiayaan
Hierarchy of Airport Participation

Sumber : 2013 AIRPORT ECONOMICS & HUMAN
CAPITAL CONFERENCE, Airport City Real Estate
76
Development Opportunities & Challenges

76
Implementation & Governance

Sumber : 2013 AIRPORT ECONOMICS & HUMAN
CAPITAL CONFERENCE, Airport City Real Estate
77
Development Opportunities & Challenges

77
Airport Management/Development Models

Sumber : 2013 AIRPORT ECONOMICS & HUMAN
CAPITAL CONFERENCE, Airport City Real Estate
78
Development Opportunities & Challenges

78
Penyusun

Nama

:Ir. Fitri Indra Wardhono

Pendidikan :Sarjana Teknik Strata Pertama Bidang Teknik
Planologi
Email

:fitriwardhono@yahoo.com

Blog

:fitriwardhono.wordpress.com

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Profil, pulau nias

  • 2. • Kuala Lumpur, ( ), • Seoul (Incheon), • Hong Kong ( (Chek Lap Kok), p ) • Singapore (Changi), • Bangkok (Suvarnabhumi). Eff ficient Gatew Model t way M T The Ae erotrop polis model m Concepts On The Development Of Airport Regions • Frankfurt, • Zurich. 2
  • 4. Definisi Aerotropolis An aerotropolis is an urban complex whose b l h layout, infrastructure and economy are centered on an airport. Analogous in shape to the traditional metropolis made up of a central city and its rings of commuter- heavy suburbs, the aerotropolis consists of an airport city core and outlying corridors and clusters of aviation-linked businesses and associated residential developments. 4 Sumber : Aerotropolis: The Way We’ll Live Next? Interview with John D. Kasarda, ATLANTIS - MAGAZINE BY POLIS PLATFORM FOR URBANISM, #22.3 December 2011). 4
  • 5. Perubahan Posisi Bandara Terhadap Kota 5
  • 6. Evolusi Function dan Form Airport-Centric Commercial Development 6
  • 8. Taoyuan Taiwan version of Airport City Schematic 8 8
  • 9. Peran Aerocity Dalam Lingkup Makro/Regional g p g 9
  • 10. Peran Bandara dalam Perekonomian Global 1. Perekonomian suatu negara terkait dengan perekonomian global melalui kota-kota yang disebut sebagai : a. World city. b. Global city. c. c Alpha city city. 2. Untuk berhubungan dengan perekonomian global tersebut. Salah satu hal yang harus dimiliki negara tersebut adalah keberadaan kota, yang disebut sebagai : airport city, aerotropolis atau airport corridor. 3. Kesuksesan bandara bergantung kepada faktor-faktor seperti : a. Ketersediaan lahan untuk pengembangan di bandara. b. Lokasi bandara dalam lingkup jaringan praarana wilayah. c. c Struktur sosial-ekonomi wilayah sosial ekonomi wilayah. d. Kerangka kelembagaan pemerintahan setempat. e. Kerangka perencanaan (planning framework). 10
  • 11. Karakteristik Dasar Global City 1. Karakteristik Ekonomi. 2. Karakteristik Politis. 3. Karakteristik Budaya. 4. Karakteristik Prasarana. Evaluasi peringkat untuk 4 kategori alpha city didasarkan atas : kegiatan bisnis, SDM, pertukaran informasi, pengalaman budaya, dan kepastian politik. 11
  • 12. Bandara Soekarno Hatta & BIJB Bandara Kota Status Global City Soekarno- Hatta Jakarta Alpha Minus BIJB Majalengka/Bandung ? 12
  • 13. Peran Aero City/Aerotropolis Tenaga Kerja Pertumbuhan Ekonomi • • • • • • • • • Aerotropolis Bentuk Urban Baru Rantai Permintaan Global “Internet” Bandara adalah ruter Bandara lebih dari sebatas infrastruktur Penerbangan Zona pertemuan Angkutan umum Kecepatan t h d pasar K t terhadap Kota Bandara Off Airport Termin On Airport Terminal al l Off Airport On Airport Kota Bandara Aerotropolis Pariwisata Kawasan 13 Populasi Kawasan
  • 14. Dampak Ekonomi dari Penerbangan Komersial Dampak Langsung Permintaan pemasukan perantara dan hasil investasi dari aktivitas ekonomi di kawasan bandara Dampak Tidak Langsung Produksi, Produksi tenaga kerja dan hasil pendapatan dari lokasi pemesanan menuju penjual oleh perusahaan di bandara Dampak Pasti Produksi, tenaga kerja, dan hasil pendapatan dari • konsumsi belanja dari pendapatan oleh tenaga kerja bandara • Konsumsi belanja dari pendapatam oleh pekerja pedagangan bandara Dampak Keseluruhan Dampak Katalis Sumber : Looking in all the wrong places? Catalytic effects in the context of product cycle theory. Stephen J. Appold and John D. Kasarda
  • 16. Faktor Utama Pertumbuhan Kota Bandara Sumber penerimaan yang tidak terkait kegiatan penerbangan. Kebutuhan sektor komersial akan lahan. Pertumbuhan konstan penumpang dan kargo. Bandara yang berfungsi sebagai katalis dan magnet untuk perkembangan kegiatan bisnis di sekitarnya. 16
  • 17. Faktor Utama Pertumbuhan Kota Bandara Kegiatan terkait langsung dengan penerbangan. Kegiatan terkait dengan fungsi bandara. Kegiatan berorientasi bandara. g 17
  • 18. Airport City Success Factors 18 Sumber : Sustainable Airport Region, Managing Airport Cities: Benchmark Study 2008, Stephanie Betz 18
  • 19. Airport City Success Factors Kombinasi dari 8 faktor ini menentukan dalam penerapan, praktek, dan keberhasilan konsep Kota Bandara Kerangka Kerja 1 Struktur Pemegang Saham 4 Sistem Legal Interaksi ahli perencana 5 Kepemimpinan Organisasi p kompetensi Dari operator bandara p Relasi negara/ kota 2 Kondisi Infrastruktur Dalam konteks kota/ kawasan Hubungan lokal/ internasional 6 Perencanaan dan Budaya Pengembangan Faktor Keberhasilan Kota Bandara 7 Perjanjian Pemegang j j g g Fungsi Utama Bandara g 3 Profil penerbangan Posisi Struktur Jaringan Saham/ Stakeholder Kondisi Keruangan Persyaratan penerbangan/ non penerbangan ketersediaan 8 Visi dan Strategis Kerja sama dan komunikasi Sumber : Sustainable Airport Region, Managing Airport Cities: Benchmark Study 2008, Stephanie Betz 19
  • 20. Faktor Utama Pengembangan Aero City/Aerotropolis Key Factors That Facilitate Airport-Centric Development Kolaborasi Stakeholder Pengembangan kawasan 20 National Airspace System - Airport-centric Development Sumber dana Pengembangan bandara Hubungan
  • 21. Faktor-Faktor Penggerak Perkembangan Aero City 1. Long-haul jet aircraft connecting people, products, and enterprises world-wide. 2. Supply chain processes where parts and components are manufactured in a half-dozen different countries, assembled in a seventh country and distributed to a multitude of others. 3. The growth of world tourism. 4. “Must have it now” consumer age. 5. 5 Air cargo was the primar dri er as primary driver. 6. Rapid passenger and cargo growth. 7. New economy products (typically small, light, compact, high value-to-weight parts, components and assembled products) are i bl d d t ) increasingly shipped internationally by air in a fast and agile manner. i l hi di t ti ll b i i f t d il 8. The huge volume of time-critical products (including perishables) such as micro-electronics, pharmaceuticals, medical devices and aerospace equipment traversing international boundaries by air annually h resulted in air cargo accounting for approximately 35% of the value of t d ’ world trade. ll has lt d i i ti f i t l f th l f today’s ld t d 9. In order to gain a competitive advantage through the speedy global supply-chain connectivity that air cargo provides, high-tech manufacturers and other time-critical industries are locating at sites around or accessible to well-connected airports. ell connected airports 10. As their suppliers and logistics providers co-locate, they drive additional investment and employment growth in airport regions. 21
  • 23. Metodologi (Ideal) Thinking Like Developers Sumber : 2013 AIRPORT ECONOMICS & HUMAN CAPITAL CONFERENCE, Airport City Real Estate 23 Development Opportunities & Challenges 23
  • 24. Metodologi (Ideal) Identifikasi Resiko Rencana Strategis Bandara Rencana Manajemen Resiko Rencana Marketing Rencana Bisnis Master Plan Rencana Guna Lahan Keterangan = Perencanaan dan Pengembangan Rencana SDM = Administrasi = Bisnis/ Keuangan Rencana Pengembangan dan Pelatihan 24
  • 26. Three Stages of Aerotropolis Planning 26
  • 28. Jenis Kegiatan di Dalam Aerocity y 28
  • 29. Jenis Kegiatan di Aero City/Aerotropolis Example of Air and Surface Connectivity Benefitting Manufacturing, Repair, and Training 29
  • 30. Jenis Kegiatan di Aero City/Aerotropolis Synopsis of Logistics Clusters 30
  • 31. Jenis Kegiatan di Aero City/Aerotropolis Synopsis of Logistics Clusters Jalur J l Kapal Jalur Udara Perawatan Kontainer Perawatan Pesawat P t Pelayanan Logistik Perawatan Pesawat Transportasi Darat Penyediaan Logistik 31 Operasi Pelabuhan Jabel Ali and Dubai Airport FZ Authority Gudang & Penyimpanan Instasi Perawatan Operasi Kargo Bandara O iK B d UAE Customs Agen pemerintah lainnya
  • 32. Kegiatan Terkait Keberadaan Bandara 1. Core aeronautical activities are part of the technical operation of the airport, directly supporting the air traffic function. 1. Kegiatan inti penerbangan. 2. A relation to air-freight or air-passenger movements, (e.g., logistics and distribution activities or terminal retail and hotels). Their hotels) competitiveness and/or business revenues are closely tied to the scale of air traffic.irport related traffic.irport-related activities have a direct 2. Kegiatan terkait dengan bandara yang berhubungan dengan pergerakan penumpang dan barang. 3. Airport-oriented activities choose the airport area because of the image of the airport and its typically excellent ground accessibility accessibility. The price of land and surface connectivity, rather than relation to air traffic, are key the factors in determining those activities locating in the airport area. 3. Kegiatan berorientasi bandara. 32
  • 34. Alternatif Pembiayaan Denver International Airport Public Sector City and Country of Denver, City of Aurora Brighton, Commerce City Bennet, Adams County State of Colorado Quasi – Governmental Metro Denver EDC, Commerce Cit ED Ad C City ED, Adams County ED Front Range Airport, E-470 Highway Authority DRCOG, RTD, DTP et al Land Owners DIA I.C. Fulenwider LNR A&C IC F l id LNR, A&C, Smith The Pauls Corp. Prologis, Oakwood Homes Majestic Realty Corp. et al End Users Developers, Investors, Tenants, Customers, et al Sumber : 2013 AIRPORT ECONOMICS & HUMAN CAPITAL CONFERENCE, Airport City Real Estate 34 Development Opportunities & Challenges 34
  • 35. Alternatif Pembiayaan Denver’s Economic Clusters Sumber : 2013 AIRPORT ECONOMICS & HUMAN CAPITAL CONFERENCE, Airport City Real Estate 35 Development Opportunities & Challenges 35
  • 36. Airport City Denver & Economic Clusters Sumber : 2013 AIRPORT ECONOMICS & HUMAN CAPITAL CONFERENCE, Airport City Real Estate 36 Development Opportunities & Challenges 36
  • 37. Airport City Denver & Economic Clusters 37 37
  • 38. Dasar-Dasar Penyusunan Rencana Tata Ruang Aerocity g y 38
  • 39. Konsep Struktur Ruang Analogous in shape to the traditional metropolis made up of a central city core and its rings of commuter-heavy suburbs, the aerotropolis consists of an airport-centred commercial core (airport city) and outlying corridors and clusters of aviation-linked businesses and associated residential development. 39
  • 40. Konsep Pola Ruang 1. The Aerotropolis incorporates aviation-linked business and industrial clusters at and around airports and along airport access corridors. 2. The aerotropolis has both spatial and functional forms. Its spatial form consists of aviation- oriented businesses and their associated residential developments which cluster around airports and outward along connecting transport corridors generating observable physical features. The functional form consists of a more diffuse airport-integrated economic region whose businesses are as closely linked to distant suppliers, custom ers, and enterprise partners as they are to those in their own region. , p p y g 3. Corporate headquarter functions. The full-range of office services and business support staff of a traditional corporate complex are available, including meeting rooms, computers and advanced telecom, secretarial and tech assistance. 4. Retail mall concepts have been merged into passenger terminals. Airport property beyond the terminal is being developed with hotel and entertainment facilities, conference and exhibition complexes, shopping centers, office buildings, and logistics and free trade zones. Airports also frequently offer complementary sets of f iliti f airport and airline employees ( t f facilities for i t d i li l (such as d care centers and h lth clinics), as well as h day t d health li i ) ll commercially serve residents in the local market area. 5. Cluster, rather than strip development, should be encouraged along airport transportation corridors with sufficient green space between clusters. Residential mixed use developments for airport area workers and clusters mixed-use frequent air travelers should be designed to human scale, encouraging social interaction and sense of neighborhood. In short, aerotropolis development and “smart growth” should go hand-in-hand. 40
  • 41. Konsep Sistem Transportasi 1. Air cargo hub. 2. Multimodal air logistics hub. g 3. Good surface transportation accessibility exists to the airport area. 4. 4 Rapid ground connectivity to much of the region and beyond is provided by the inter city rail station underneath the complex. 5. Dedicated airport expressway links (aerolanes) and high-speed airport high speed express trains (aerotrains) should efficiently connect airports to business and residential clusters, near and far. Special truck-only lanes should be added to airport expressways, as should improved interchanges to reduce dd d t i t h ld i di t h t d congestion. 41
  • 42. Isu Pengembangan Pola Ruang 1. Isu Kebisingan 2. Isu Keamanan dan Keselamatan a. Tall Structures (Bangunan Tinggi) b. Visual Obstructions and Electronic Interference (Gangguan Pandangan dan Pengaruh Elektronik) 1) Debu 2) Silau 3) Pancaran Cahaya 4) Asap, Uap dan Kabut c. Serangan Burung dan Satwa Liar 42
  • 43. Kesesuaian Guna Lahan Perumahan Jenis Guna Lahan Perumahan Kerentanan Pusat Ketinggian Kebisingan Aktivitas Struktur Rumah tunggal P KP TP Gambaran Halangan Kehidupan Liar dan Atraksi Burung Rumah tunggal (tergabung dan KP KP terpisah) Rumah susun (seperti dua atau lebih unit tempat tinggal dalam bangunan tunggal, apartemen seperti kondominium, elder, assisted living, townhouse) Kepadatan rendah (level 1-3) P KP TP KP KP Kepadatan menengah (level 4-12) Kepadatan tinggi (level 13 atau lebih) P P P P KP P P P KP KP Kelompok tempat tinggal (assisted living, kelompok fasilitas, bangunan p perawatan dan renovasi, kelompok p rumah tunggal) Taman Perumahan P P KP P KP P P TP KP P P = Pengaruh KP = Kemungkinan Pengaruh TP = Tidan Berpengaruh Sumber : Mead & Hunt Ins. Sumber : Airport City, http://ebooks.narotama.ac.id/files/Airport%20Engineering43 Planning,%20Design,%20and%20Development%20of%2021st%20Century%20Airports%20(4th%20Edition)/C hapter%2016%20Airport%20City.pdf 43
  • 44. Dasar Pertimbangan Pengembangan Pola Ruang Kesesuaian Guna Lahan Perdagangan Gambaran Kerentanan Pusat Aktivitas Ketinggian Struktur Halangan Kebisingan Aktivitas Komersil Penyedia Makanan dan Minuman P P KP KP Pelayanan Kendaraan TP KP TP KP Perkantoran (bisnis, pemerintahan, spesialis, kesehatan, atau lembaga keuangan) Kepadatan rendah (Level 2 -3) P KP TP KP Kepadatan menengah (level 3 – 12) P P KP KP Kepadatan tinggi (level 12 lebih) P P P KP Retail (pedagangan, lease, atau rentalan) Sales-oriented KP KP KP KP Pelayanan P KP KP KP Perbaikan/ P b ik / renovasi i P KP TP KP Perhotelan (hotel, motel, convention centre, gedung P P KP KP pertemuan, fasilitas pertunjukan) Kepadatan rendah (Level 2 -3) P P P P Kepadatan K d t menengah (l l 3 – 12) h (level KP KP TP KP Kepadatan tinggi (level 12 lebih) KP P KP KP Gudang terbuka dan display KP KP TP KP Pelayanan umum (terminal bus, stasiun, dan taxi) KP P KP KP Bengkel (bengkel pertokoan toko ban) (bengkel, pertokoan, TP KP TP KP Jenis Guna Lahan Komersial Kehidupan Liar dan Atraksi Burung P KP KP KP P KP P KP KP P KP KP KP KP KP P = Pengaruh KP = Kemungkinan Pengaruh TP = Tidan Berpengaruh Sumber : Mead & Hunt Ins. Sumber : Airport City, http://ebooks.narotama.ac.id/files/Airport%20Engineering44 Planning,%20Design,%20and%20Development%20of%2021st%20Century%20Airports%20(4th%20Edition)/C hapter%2016%20Airport%20City.pdf 44
  • 45. Dasar Pertimbangan Pengembangan Pola Ruang Tabel Kesesuaian Guna Lahan Industri Guna Lahan Kerentanan Kebisingan Pusat Ketinggian Gambaran Aktivitas Struktur Halangan Aktivitas Industri/ Manufaktur Kawasan Pelayanan Industri (industry bubut, perbaikan TP P KP KP barang, pergudangan, dsb) Kawasan Produksi dan Manufaktur (manufaktur, proses, pabrik, perakitan) Manufaktur Teknik KP P KP P Manufaktur Umum TP P KP P Manufaktur Berat TP KP P P Pengolahan dan Pertambangan TP KP TP P Operasi Pen ela matan (firma peng mp lan Penyela-matan pengumpulan, TP TP KP KP penyimpanan, dan pembongkaran kendaraan, mesin – mesin, peralatan, dan material bangunan) Penyimpanan / Per-gudangan Industri (gudang kecil/ TP TP TP KP fasilitas gudang) Kargo (pusat distrbusi, pergud-angan/ kargo, dsb) TP KP KP KP Pembuangan (pusat daur ulang, pembuangan sampah, TP TP KP P p pusat transfer sampah, kompos, dsb) p p ) Grosiran (diskon, persewaan, atau rental barang untuk TP TP TP KP industri, institusi, atau investasi) Kehidupan Liar dan Atraksi Burung KP KP KP P P KP KP KP P KP P = Pengaruh KP = Kemungkinan Pengaruh TP = Tidan Berpengaruh Sumber : Mead & Hunt Ins. 45 45
  • 46. Dasar Pertimbangan Pengembangan Pola Ruang Tabel Kesesuaian Guna Lahan Institusi Guna Lahan Universitas dan Sekolah Tinggi Pelayanan Komunitas (publik, non profit, atau lembaga sosial) Pelayanan komunitas umum (perpustakaan, museum, pusat transit, TOD) Pelayanan komunitas khusus (persinggahan) Penitipan anak (perawatan anak, perawatan remaja, remaja PAUD) Penahanan (penjara, pusat rehabilitasi) Fasilitas Pendidikan (negeri dan swasta) Fasilitas pendidikan umum (SD negeri dan swasta/ MI, SMP/MTS, dan SMA/MA serta asrama dan pendidikan militer) Fasilitas pendidikan khusus (perekonomian, bisnis, atau kursus tanpa gelar) kursus, Rumah sakit (rumah sakit, klinik) Perkumpulan agama (kris-tiani, Hindustani, sinagog, muslim, masonik, dsb) P = Pengaruh KP = Kemungkinan Pengaruh 46 TP = Tidan Berpengaruh Sumber : Mead & Hunt Ins. Kerentanan Pusat Kebisingan Aktivitas Aktivitas Institusi P P Ketinggian Struktur Gambaran Halangan Kehidupan Liar dan Atraksi Burung P P P P P KP P P P P KP P TP TP KP P KP P P P KP P P P P P P P P P KP KP KP P P P P P P P P P KP 46
  • 47. Dasar Pertimbangan Pengembangan Pola Ruang Tabel Kesesuaian Guna Lahan Prasarana dan Transportasi Kerentanan Pusat Ketinggian Kebisingan Aktivitas Struktur Aktivitas pelayanan infrastruktur Utilitas dasar (cabang jaringan jaringan elektrik jaringan, elektrik, TP TP KP sanitasi dan gorong-gorong, menara air) Guna Lahan Fasilitas transmisi komunikasi (pemancar, nirkabel, tower darurat, dan antenna) Perparkiran (besmen, struktur parkir) Transportasi (jalan raya, jalan antar kota, jalan lokal, lokal dan jalan nasional) Utilitas (pembangkit tenaga listrik, generator angin, dan turbin) Gambaran Halangan Kehidupan Liar dan Atraksi Burung P P TP TP P P KP TP TP KP KP P TP KP KP KP TP TP TP P P TP P = Pengaruh KP = Kemungkinan Pengaruh TP = Tidan Berpengaruh Sumber : Mead & Hunt Ins. Sumber : Airport City, http://ebooks.narotama.ac.id/files/Airport%20Engineering47 Planning,%20Design,%20and%20Development%20of%2021st%20Century%20Airports%20(4th%20Edition)/C hapter%2016%20Airport%20City.pdf 47
  • 48. Dasar Pertimbangan Pengembangan Pola Ruang Tabel Kesesuaian Guna Lahan Pertanian dan Ruang Terbuka Kerentanan Pusat Ketinggian Kebisingan Aktivitas Struktur Aktivitas Pertanian dan Ruang Terbuka Pertanian (pengolahan tanaman dan lumbung) Hubungan hewan dan tumbuhan TP TP KP Hubungan permukiman (gudang bahan P TP KP bakar/ fasilitas pemompaan, pembongkaran dan pengupasan, perdagangan hasil tani) Guna Lahan Gambaran Halangan Kehidupan Liar dan Atraksi Burung TP KP P P Banjir Sumber air (air permukaan) TP TP TP TP P Sumber daya buatan (pertambangan dan ekstraksi, kolam penam-pungan air, lahan basah) Sumber daya alami (danau, kolam, padang rumput, sungai, kali, lahan basah) Kawasan perlindungan hewan TP TP TP P P TP TP TP P P P KP TP P P P =P Pengaruh h KP = Kemungkinan Pengaruh TP = Tidan Berpengaruh Sumber : Mead & Hunt Ins. Sumber : Airport City, http://ebooks.narotama.ac.id/files/Airport%20Engineering48 Planning,%20Design,%20and%20Development%20of%2021st%20Century%20Airports%20(4th%20Edition)/C hapter%2016%20Airport%20City.pdf 48
  • 49. Dasar Pertimbangan Pengembangan Pola Ruang Tabel Kesesuaian Guna Lahan Olahraga dan Rekreasi Guna Lahan Kerentanan Kebisingan Aktivitas taman dan hiburan Hiburan komersil (fasilitas latihan fisik, rekreasi, dan budaya) Aktivitas di luar (perkemahan, fasilitas P tenis/berenang, bioskop terbuka, skatting, paviliun) KP Aktivitas dalam ruangan (fitness, klub kesehatan, bowling, skatting, billiard, taman bermain, teater tertutup) Golf (lintasan golf, lapangan golf mini) P Utilitas (taman bermain, lintasan balap, arena P olah raga) Taman (aquatic, fasilitas olah raga kawasan, P keber-tentanggaan, seko-lah, komunitas) Kasino TP Pusat Aktivitas Ketinggian Struktur Gambaran Halangan Kehidupan Liar dan Atraksi Burung KP KP P KP P KP P KP TP P TP P KP P P P KP P KP KP P KP P P Sumber : Airport City, http://ebooks.narotama.ac.id/files/Airport%20Engineering49 Planning,%20Design,%20and%20Development%20of%2021st%20Century%20Airports%20(4th%20Edition)/C hapter%2016%20Airport%20City.pdf 49
  • 50. Hal-Hal Yang Perlu Diwaspadai Dalam Pengembangan Aerocity g g y 50
  • 51. Hal-Hal Yang Harus Diwaspadai 1 2 Aerotropolis Ae ot opolis has to be more than a “b ild mo e “build it and they will come” airport dream. Success rests on market realities and adequate air service. The opportunities or constraints to aerotropolis roll-out are determined by natural ecological factors, surface p , p transportation infrastructure, ownership of land parcels, labor force characteristics, and local governance structures. 51 51
  • 52. Persoalan Terkait Pola Ruang Lack of alignment between airport, city and regional planning; Lack of integrated forward-looking spatial planning and joint-agreements; Lack of coordination between different levels of government and other stakeholders; Blighted conditions where small-scale older uses have been disenfranchised from wider improvement coalitions; Competition, conflict and confusion between local authorities over development philosophies and planning controls; Equitable financing of infrastructure provision; Traffic congestion at airports stimulated by airport-related commercial activity; Uncertainty regarding optimal character of on- and near-airport commercial development; and Resistance from ’high street‘ traders and local municipalities to expansion of retailing at airports. Sumber : The planning of airport regions and National Aviation Policy Issues and challenges in Australia 2008-2009, Robert Freestone and Douglas Baker. 52
  • 55. Safety and Navigation Implications 55
  • 57. A Need for Services 57
  • 59. A City Airport Becomes an Airport City 59
  • 61. Development Principles Pittsburgh International Airport 1. Develop a multi-jurisdictional strategy 2. Plan primarily for airport related uses 3. Develop airport compatible uses 4. Concentrate development 5. Preserve natural areas 6. Develop sustainably 7. Provide connectivity 8. Encourage mixed-use development 9. 9 Encourage infill development 10. Make places, not sprawl. 61
  • 62. Conceptual Development Program Pittsburgh International Airport Flex and distribution Bonded warehouses Freight forwarders Free trade zone assembly and shipping Just-in-time electronics repairs Just-in-time manufacturing Technology companies information technology robotics bio medical bio-medical Energy Satellite university campuses Hospitals and trauma centers Aerotropolis support services and uses hotels entertainment conference centers retail and food mixed income housing Headquarters International National Regional E-Fulfillment centers Destination entertainment R & D parks Corporate campuses 62
  • 63. Proposed Business Environment Piedmont Triad Aerotropolis 63
  • 64. Rincian Jenis Kegiatan Di DalamAerocity y 64
  • 65. Basic Design Principles for an Aerotropolis 1. Improving transportation capacity whether by highway or rail. There are those who believe that limiting capacity limits travel. That may be true but the congestion caused by limited capacity causes more emissions than adequate capacity. 2. Minimizing the needed ground movement. With the increase in especially business air travel, airports have become an important part of the metropolitan movement travel equation. 3. g y g p g Per movement aircraft emissions and noise are generally decreasing but planning air routes and land use in combination can still reduce exposure. 65
  • 66. Proses Perkembangan Aerocity 1. Pengembangan kawasan komersial yang pesat di dan di sekitar gerbang bandara menjadikan kegiatan tersebut sebagai generator pertumbuhan perkotaan dan menjadikan bandara sebagai : a. p pusat lapangan pekerjaan yang penting, p g p j y gp g, b. kawasan perbelanjaan, c. perdagangan, serta d. destinasi bisnis, serta bandara membangun sebuah “brand image” tersendiri untuk menarik kegiatan bisnis yang tidak berkaitan dengan kebandarudaraan. 2. Sifat alami dari pasar lokal dalam kegiatan industri dan komersial memiliki peran penting dalam keberlangsungan kota bandara dan kegiatan di dalamnya. 3. Area di sekitar bandara juga dapat menarik kegiatan bisnis, pekerja-pekerja profesional dan penduduk yang lebih banyak dibanding dengan área lain, pembangunan kegiatan komersial di dalam kawasan bandara merefleksikan kebutuhan dari pekerjaan, pekerja dan penduduk terhadap pelayanan yang disediakan oleh bisnis yang berbasis bandara. pelayanan-pelayanan tersebut meliputi pelayanan perumahan, rekreasi, kuliner, perdagangan, kesehatan, penitipan anak dan dokter hewan. 66
  • 67. Proses Perkembangan Aerocity 4. Kebutuhan–kebutuhan untuk kegiatan bisnis yang berbasis pada bandara saat ini disediakan di dalam kawasan campuran (mixed use) yang luas di dalam área bandara, sebagai sentra pembangunan metropolitan. Pergeseran ini membuat pembangunan kota bandara sebagai model perencanaan kreartif dan p g p g g p atribut-atribut managemen yang berbeda. a. Perkantoran dan Kegiatan Bisnis, meliputi Kawasan Bisnis b. Logistik dan Distribusi, meliputi Freight Forwarding, 3 PL’s, Flow-thru c. Produksi Barang, meliputi Kawasan Industri. 67
  • 68. Jenis Kegiatan di Dalam Aerocity Aerotropolis menjadi generator utama pengembangan kawasan karena merupakan kawasan cepat tumbuh berbasis bandara atau sering disebut airport-centric commercial development. Kawasan ini menciptakan secara mandiri : 1. significant employment, 2. 2 shopping, h i 3. trading, 4. 4 business meeting meeting, 5. entertainment, and 6. leisure destinations, sehingga menjadi kota handal dan menjadi daya tarik global (melalui airplane network) dan lokal (melalui multimodal lokal). 68
  • 69. Daftar Kegiatan Komersial Kota Bandara 1. Pertokoan 2. Restoran 3. Kegiatan entertainmen dan kebudayaan 4. Hotel dan akomodasinya 5. 5 Bank dan penukaran mata uang asing 6. Gedung Perkantoran 7. Convention and exhibition centers 8. Hiburan, rekreasi dan pusat kebugaran 9. Logistik dan distribusi 10. 10 Pengawetan makanan dan pendinginan 11. Katering dan kuliner 12. Perdagangan bebas dan sejenisnya 13. Lapangan golf 14. Factory outlets 15 P l 15. Pelayanan k l keluarga, seperti kli ik k ti klinik kesehatan d penitipan anak h t dan iti k 69
  • 70. Skema Tipe Kegiatan Kota Bandara 1. Kegiatan di dalam kota bandara : a. Pelayanan konsumen. b. Kawasan perdagangan, meliputi pertokoan. c. Real estate, meliputi perkantoran, hotel dan bongkar muat. d. d Multi moda meliputi taxi trem, bus dan kereta api. moda, taxi, trem api e. Infrastruktur terminal, meliputi terminal. f. 2. Infrastruktur dasar, meliputi jalan raya. Kegiatan di luar kota bandara : a. Hotel dan penginapan. b. Kegiatan pertemuan, meliputi eksibisi dan konferensi. c. Kegiatan perdagangan, meliputi pusat perbelanjaan. 70
  • 73. Alternatif Pembiayaan Tahapan Pengembangan Berdasarkan Sumber Pembiayaan He advises them on how to achieve the “Airport City’s Triple Bottom Line.” The first point is that major airports now receive more of their revenue from nonaeronautical sources than from aeronautical sources. Secondly, rapid commercial development at and around major airports transforms them into leading urban growth generators as airport areas become significant employment, shopping, and business destinations in their own right. The airport area finally develops a “brand image” attracting even non-airport linked businesses. Thus, Kasarda is advocating for nothing less than creating whole new airport-themed urban zones within regions. b i hi i Sumber : Aerotropoli, The Logic of Globalization and the Rise of Dr. John Kasarda, By John Patrick Good Globalization Spaces Final Research Paper December 18, 2007 73
  • 74. Sumber Pembiayaan Airport-lead, Airport-funded. For those communities whose Airport has taken a lead role in the creation of an Aerotropolis, those efforts are also primarily, if not entirely, funded by that Airport. In these communities, the very active marine port authorities in those communities compliment the economic development efforts coordinated by their airports. Large scale private developers developers. These Aerotropolis communities have benefitted from vast tracts of available, developable land and the participation of a few real estate developers. These developers have privately financed. large scale communities, business parks, industrial facilities, and logistics parks where there once was desert or farmland. Combination of Public and Private sector financial contributions. In th I those communities where private sector involvement is strong and available land is at a premium, companies and units of iti h i t t i l ti t d il bl l d i t i i d it f government have made financial contributions to the Aerotropolis organization operating in that community. State and Federal grants/tax incentives. For a number of Aerotropolis communities, the ability to offer tax incentives or the award of grant money has been given by the State or Federal Government. Sumber : 2013 AIRPORT ECONOMICS & HUMAN CAPITAL CONFERENCE, Airport City Real Estate Development Opportunities & Challenges 74
  • 75. Alternatif Pembiayaan Non-Airline Revenue Target Sumber : 2013 AIRPORT ECONOMICS & HUMAN CAPITAL CONFERENCE, Airport City Real Estate 75 Development Opportunities & Challenges
  • 76. Alternatif Pembiayaan Hierarchy of Airport Participation Sumber : 2013 AIRPORT ECONOMICS & HUMAN CAPITAL CONFERENCE, Airport City Real Estate 76 Development Opportunities & Challenges 76
  • 77. Implementation & Governance Sumber : 2013 AIRPORT ECONOMICS & HUMAN CAPITAL CONFERENCE, Airport City Real Estate 77 Development Opportunities & Challenges 77
  • 78. Airport Management/Development Models Sumber : 2013 AIRPORT ECONOMICS & HUMAN CAPITAL CONFERENCE, Airport City Real Estate 78 Development Opportunities & Challenges 78
  • 79. Penyusun Nama :Ir. Fitri Indra Wardhono Pendidikan :Sarjana Teknik Strata Pertama Bidang Teknik Planologi Email :fitriwardhono@yahoo.com Blog :fitriwardhono.wordpress.com