- Concepts On The Development Of Airport Regions
- Perubahan Posisi Bandara Terhadap Kota
- Evolusi Function dan Form Airport-Centric Commercial Development
- Aerotropolis Schematic
- Peran Bandara dalam Perekonomian Global
- Karakteristik Dasar Global City
- Peran Aero City/Aerotropolis
- Faktor Utama Pertumbuhan Kota Bandara
- Faktor-Faktor Penggerak Perkembangan Aero City
- Jenis Kegiatan di Aero City/Aerotropolis
- Kegiatan Terkait Keberadaan Bandara
2. • Kuala Lumpur,
(
),
• Seoul (Incheon),
• Hong Kong
(
(Chek Lap Kok),
p
)
• Singapore
(Changi),
• Bangkok
(Suvarnabhumi).
Eff
ficient Gatew Model
t
way M
T
The Ae
erotrop
polis model
m
Concepts On The Development Of Airport Regions
• Frankfurt,
• Zurich.
2
4. Definisi
Aerotropolis
An aerotropolis is an
urban complex whose
b
l
h
layout, infrastructure and
economy are centered on
an airport.
Analogous in shape to the
traditional metropolis made up of
a central city and its rings of
commuter- heavy suburbs, the
aerotropolis consists of an airport
city core and outlying corridors
and clusters of aviation-linked
businesses and associated
residential developments.
4
Sumber : Aerotropolis: The Way We’ll Live Next? Interview with John D. Kasarda, ATLANTIS - MAGAZINE BY POLIS PLATFORM FOR URBANISM, #22.3 December 2011).
4
10. Peran Bandara dalam Perekonomian Global
1.
Perekonomian suatu negara terkait dengan perekonomian global melalui kota-kota
yang disebut sebagai :
a. World city.
b. Global city.
c.
c Alpha city
city.
2.
Untuk berhubungan dengan perekonomian global tersebut. Salah satu hal yang
harus dimiliki negara tersebut adalah keberadaan kota, yang disebut sebagai :
airport city, aerotropolis atau airport corridor.
3.
Kesuksesan bandara bergantung kepada faktor-faktor seperti :
a. Ketersediaan lahan untuk pengembangan di bandara.
b. Lokasi bandara dalam lingkup jaringan praarana wilayah.
c.
c Struktur sosial-ekonomi wilayah
sosial ekonomi wilayah.
d. Kerangka kelembagaan pemerintahan setempat.
e. Kerangka perencanaan (planning framework).
10
11. Karakteristik Dasar Global City
1.
Karakteristik Ekonomi.
2.
Karakteristik Politis.
3.
Karakteristik Budaya.
4.
Karakteristik Prasarana.
Evaluasi peringkat untuk 4 kategori alpha city didasarkan atas : kegiatan bisnis, SDM,
pertukaran informasi, pengalaman budaya, dan kepastian politik.
11
12. Bandara Soekarno Hatta & BIJB
Bandara
Kota
Status Global City
Soekarno- Hatta
Jakarta
Alpha Minus
BIJB
Majalengka/Bandung
?
12
13. Peran Aero City/Aerotropolis
Tenaga
Kerja
Pertumbuhan
Ekonomi
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Aerotropolis
Bentuk Urban Baru
Rantai Permintaan Global
“Internet”
Bandara adalah ruter
Bandara lebih dari sebatas infrastruktur
Penerbangan
Zona pertemuan
Angkutan umum
Kecepatan t h d pasar
K
t terhadap
Kota Bandara
Off Airport
Termin
On Airport Terminal
al
l
Off Airport
On Airport
Kota Bandara
Aerotropolis
Pariwisata
Kawasan
13
Populasi
Kawasan
14. Dampak Ekonomi dari Penerbangan Komersial
Dampak Langsung
Permintaan pemasukan perantara dan hasil
investasi dari aktivitas ekonomi di kawasan
bandara
Dampak Tidak Langsung
Produksi,
Produksi tenaga kerja dan hasil pendapatan
dari lokasi pemesanan menuju penjual oleh
perusahaan di bandara
Dampak Pasti
Produksi, tenaga kerja, dan hasil pendapatan dari
• konsumsi belanja dari pendapatan oleh tenaga
kerja bandara
• Konsumsi belanja dari pendapatam oleh pekerja
pedagangan bandara
Dampak Keseluruhan
Dampak Katalis
Sumber : Looking in all the wrong places? Catalytic effects in the context of product
cycle theory.
Stephen J. Appold and John D. Kasarda
16. Faktor Utama Pertumbuhan Kota Bandara
Sumber penerimaan yang tidak terkait kegiatan penerbangan.
Kebutuhan sektor komersial akan lahan.
Pertumbuhan konstan penumpang dan kargo.
Bandara yang berfungsi sebagai katalis dan magnet untuk perkembangan kegiatan
bisnis di sekitarnya.
16
17. Faktor Utama Pertumbuhan Kota Bandara
Kegiatan terkait langsung dengan penerbangan.
Kegiatan terkait dengan fungsi bandara.
Kegiatan berorientasi bandara.
g
17
18. Airport City Success Factors
18
Sumber : Sustainable Airport Region, Managing Airport Cities: Benchmark Study 2008, Stephanie Betz
18
19. Airport City Success Factors
Kombinasi dari 8 faktor ini menentukan dalam penerapan, praktek, dan keberhasilan konsep Kota Bandara
Kerangka Kerja
1
Struktur Pemegang
Saham
4
Sistem Legal
Interaksi ahli perencana
5
Kepemimpinan
Organisasi
p
kompetensi
Dari operator bandara
p
Relasi negara/ kota
2
Kondisi Infrastruktur
Dalam konteks kota/
kawasan
Hubungan lokal/
internasional
6
Perencanaan dan
Budaya Pengembangan
Faktor Keberhasilan
Kota Bandara
7 Perjanjian Pemegang
j j
g g
Fungsi Utama Bandara
g
3
Profil penerbangan
Posisi
Struktur Jaringan
Saham/ Stakeholder
Kondisi Keruangan
Persyaratan penerbangan/ non
penerbangan
ketersediaan
8
Visi dan Strategis
Kerja sama dan komunikasi
Sumber : Sustainable Airport Region, Managing Airport Cities: Benchmark Study 2008, Stephanie Betz
19
20. Faktor Utama Pengembangan Aero City/Aerotropolis
Key Factors That Facilitate Airport-Centric Development
Kolaborasi
Stakeholder
Pengembangan
kawasan
20
National Airspace System - Airport-centric Development
Sumber dana
Pengembangan
bandara
Hubungan
21. Faktor-Faktor Penggerak Perkembangan Aero City
1.
Long-haul jet aircraft connecting people, products, and enterprises world-wide.
2.
Supply chain processes where parts and components are manufactured in a half-dozen different countries,
assembled in a seventh country and distributed to a multitude of others.
3.
The growth of world tourism.
4.
“Must have it now” consumer age.
5.
5
Air cargo was the primar dri er
as
primary driver.
6.
Rapid passenger and cargo growth.
7.
New economy products (typically small, light, compact, high value-to-weight parts, components and
assembled products) are i
bl d
d t )
increasingly shipped internationally by air in a fast and agile manner.
i l hi
di t
ti
ll b i i
f t d il
8.
The huge volume of time-critical products (including perishables) such as micro-electronics,
pharmaceuticals, medical devices and aerospace equipment traversing international boundaries by air
annually h resulted in air cargo accounting for approximately 35% of the value of t d ’ world trade.
ll has
lt d i i
ti f
i t l
f th
l
f today’s
ld t d
9.
In order to gain a competitive advantage through the speedy global supply-chain connectivity that air cargo
provides, high-tech manufacturers and other time-critical industries are locating at sites around or
accessible to well-connected airports.
ell connected airports
10.
As their suppliers and logistics providers co-locate, they drive additional investment and employment
growth in airport regions.
21
23. Metodologi (Ideal)
Thinking Like Developers
Sumber : 2013 AIRPORT ECONOMICS & HUMAN
CAPITAL CONFERENCE, Airport City Real Estate
23
Development Opportunities & Challenges
23
24. Metodologi (Ideal)
Identifikasi Resiko
Rencana Strategis Bandara
Rencana
Manajemen
Resiko
Rencana
Marketing
Rencana
Bisnis
Master
Plan
Rencana
Guna Lahan
Keterangan
= Perencanaan dan
Pengembangan
Rencana SDM
= Administrasi
= Bisnis/ Keuangan
Rencana Pengembangan
dan Pelatihan
24
29. Jenis Kegiatan di Aero City/Aerotropolis
Example of Air and Surface Connectivity Benefitting Manufacturing, Repair, and Training
29
30. Jenis Kegiatan di Aero City/Aerotropolis
Synopsis of Logistics Clusters
30
31. Jenis Kegiatan di Aero City/Aerotropolis
Synopsis of Logistics Clusters
Jalur
J l
Kapal
Jalur
Udara
Perawatan
Kontainer
Perawatan
Pesawat
P
t
Pelayanan Logistik
Perawatan
Pesawat
Transportasi
Darat
Penyediaan
Logistik
31
Operasi Pelabuhan
Jabel Ali and Dubai Airport FZ
Authority
Gudang &
Penyimpanan
Instasi
Perawatan
Operasi Kargo Bandara
O
iK
B d
UAE Customs
Agen pemerintah lainnya
32. Kegiatan Terkait Keberadaan Bandara
1. Core aeronautical activities are part of the
technical operation of the airport, directly
supporting the air traffic function.
1. Kegiatan inti
penerbangan.
2. A relation to air-freight or air-passenger
movements, (e.g., logistics and distribution
activities or terminal retail and hotels). Their
hotels)
competitiveness and/or business revenues
are closely tied to the scale of air
traffic.irport related
traffic.irport-related activities have a direct
2. Kegiatan terkait
dengan bandara
yang berhubungan
dengan pergerakan
penumpang dan
barang.
3. Airport-oriented activities choose the airport
area because of the image of the airport and
its typically excellent ground accessibility
accessibility.
The price of land and surface connectivity,
rather than relation to air traffic, are key the
factors in determining those activities
locating in the airport area.
3. Kegiatan berorientasi
bandara.
32
34. Alternatif Pembiayaan
Denver International Airport
Public Sector
City and Country of
Denver, City of Aurora
Brighton, Commerce City
Bennet, Adams County
State of Colorado
Quasi – Governmental
Metro Denver EDC,
Commerce Cit ED Ad
C
City ED, Adams
County ED Front Range
Airport, E-470 Highway
Authority DRCOG, RTD, DTP
et al
Land Owners
DIA
I.C. Fulenwider LNR A&C
IC F l
id LNR, A&C,
Smith The Pauls Corp.
Prologis, Oakwood Homes
Majestic Realty Corp. et al
End Users
Developers, Investors,
Tenants, Customers, et al
Sumber : 2013 AIRPORT ECONOMICS & HUMAN
CAPITAL CONFERENCE, Airport City Real Estate
34
Development Opportunities & Challenges
34
35. Alternatif Pembiayaan
Denver’s Economic Clusters
Sumber : 2013 AIRPORT ECONOMICS & HUMAN
CAPITAL CONFERENCE, Airport City Real Estate
35
Development Opportunities & Challenges
35
36. Airport City Denver & Economic Clusters
Sumber : 2013 AIRPORT ECONOMICS & HUMAN
CAPITAL CONFERENCE, Airport City Real Estate
36
Development Opportunities & Challenges
36
39. Konsep Struktur Ruang
Analogous in shape to the traditional metropolis made up of a central city core and
its rings of commuter-heavy suburbs, the aerotropolis consists of an airport-centred
commercial core (airport city) and outlying corridors and clusters of aviation-linked
businesses and associated residential development.
39
40. Konsep Pola Ruang
1.
The Aerotropolis incorporates aviation-linked business and industrial clusters at and around airports and
along airport access corridors.
2.
The aerotropolis has both spatial and functional forms. Its spatial form consists of aviation- oriented
businesses and their associated residential developments which cluster around airports and outward along
connecting transport corridors generating observable physical features. The functional form consists of a
more diffuse airport-integrated economic region whose businesses are as closely linked to distant suppliers,
custom ers, and enterprise partners as they are to those in their own region.
,
p
p
y
g
3.
Corporate headquarter functions. The full-range of office services and business support staff of a traditional
corporate complex are available, including meeting rooms, computers and advanced telecom, secretarial and
tech assistance.
4.
Retail mall concepts have been merged into passenger terminals. Airport property beyond the terminal is
being developed with hotel and entertainment facilities, conference and exhibition complexes, shopping
centers, office buildings, and logistics and free trade zones. Airports also frequently offer complementary
sets of f iliti f airport and airline employees (
t f facilities for i
t d i li
l
(such as d care centers and h lth clinics), as well as
h
day
t
d health li i )
ll
commercially serve residents in the local market area.
5.
Cluster, rather than strip development, should be encouraged along airport transportation corridors with
sufficient green space between clusters. Residential mixed use developments for airport area workers and
clusters
mixed-use
frequent air travelers should be designed to human scale, encouraging social interaction and sense of
neighborhood. In short, aerotropolis development and “smart growth” should go hand-in-hand.
40
41. Konsep Sistem Transportasi
1. Air cargo hub.
2. Multimodal air logistics hub.
g
3. Good surface transportation accessibility exists to the airport area.
4.
4 Rapid ground connectivity to much of the region and beyond is provided
by the inter city rail station underneath the complex.
5. Dedicated airport expressway links (aerolanes) and high-speed airport
high speed
express trains (aerotrains) should efficiently connect airports to business
and residential clusters, near and far. Special truck-only lanes should be
added to airport expressways, as should improved interchanges to reduce
dd d t i
t
h ld i
di t
h
t
d
congestion.
41
42. Isu Pengembangan Pola Ruang
1.
Isu Kebisingan
2.
Isu Keamanan dan Keselamatan
a. Tall Structures (Bangunan Tinggi)
b. Visual Obstructions and Electronic Interference (Gangguan Pandangan dan Pengaruh
Elektronik)
1)
Debu
2)
Silau
3)
Pancaran Cahaya
4)
Asap, Uap dan Kabut
c. Serangan Burung dan Satwa Liar
42
43. Kesesuaian Guna Lahan Perumahan
Jenis Guna Lahan Perumahan
Kerentanan
Pusat
Ketinggian
Kebisingan
Aktivitas
Struktur
Rumah tunggal
P
KP
TP
Gambaran
Halangan
Kehidupan Liar dan
Atraksi Burung
Rumah tunggal (tergabung dan
KP
KP
terpisah)
Rumah susun (seperti dua atau lebih unit tempat tinggal dalam bangunan tunggal, apartemen seperti
kondominium, elder, assisted living, townhouse)
Kepadatan rendah (level 1-3)
P
KP
TP
KP
KP
Kepadatan menengah (level 4-12)
Kepadatan tinggi (level 13 atau lebih)
P
P
P
P
KP
P
P
P
KP
KP
Kelompok tempat tinggal (assisted
living, kelompok fasilitas, bangunan
p
perawatan dan renovasi, kelompok
p
rumah tunggal)
Taman Perumahan
P
P
KP
P
KP
P
P
TP
KP
P
P = Pengaruh
KP = Kemungkinan Pengaruh
TP = Tidan Berpengaruh
Sumber : Mead & Hunt Ins.
Sumber : Airport City, http://ebooks.narotama.ac.id/files/Airport%20Engineering43
Planning,%20Design,%20and%20Development%20of%2021st%20Century%20Airports%20(4th%20Edition)/C
hapter%2016%20Airport%20City.pdf
43
44. Dasar Pertimbangan Pengembangan Pola Ruang
Kesesuaian Guna Lahan Perdagangan
Gambaran
Kerentanan
Pusat Aktivitas Ketinggian Struktur
Halangan
Kebisingan
Aktivitas Komersil
Penyedia Makanan dan Minuman
P
P
KP
KP
Pelayanan Kendaraan
TP
KP
TP
KP
Perkantoran (bisnis, pemerintahan, spesialis, kesehatan, atau lembaga keuangan)
Kepadatan rendah (Level 2 -3)
P
KP
TP
KP
Kepadatan menengah (level 3 – 12)
P
P
KP
KP
Kepadatan tinggi (level 12 lebih)
P
P
P
KP
Retail (pedagangan, lease, atau rentalan)
Sales-oriented
KP
KP
KP
KP
Pelayanan
P
KP
KP
KP
Perbaikan/
P b ik / renovasi
i
P
KP
TP
KP
Perhotelan (hotel, motel, convention centre, gedung
P
P
KP
KP
pertemuan, fasilitas pertunjukan)
Kepadatan rendah (Level 2 -3)
P
P
P
P
Kepadatan
K d t menengah (l l 3 – 12)
h (level
KP
KP
TP
KP
Kepadatan tinggi (level 12 lebih)
KP
P
KP
KP
Gudang terbuka dan display
KP
KP
TP
KP
Pelayanan umum (terminal bus, stasiun, dan taxi)
KP
P
KP
KP
Bengkel (bengkel pertokoan toko ban)
(bengkel, pertokoan,
TP
KP
TP
KP
Jenis Guna Lahan Komersial
Kehidupan Liar dan
Atraksi Burung
P
KP
KP
KP
P
KP
P
KP
KP
P
KP
KP
KP
KP
KP
P = Pengaruh
KP = Kemungkinan Pengaruh
TP = Tidan Berpengaruh
Sumber : Mead & Hunt Ins.
Sumber : Airport City, http://ebooks.narotama.ac.id/files/Airport%20Engineering44
Planning,%20Design,%20and%20Development%20of%2021st%20Century%20Airports%20(4th%20Edition)/C
hapter%2016%20Airport%20City.pdf
44
45. Dasar Pertimbangan Pengembangan Pola Ruang
Tabel Kesesuaian Guna Lahan Industri
Guna Lahan
Kerentanan
Kebisingan
Pusat
Ketinggian Gambaran
Aktivitas
Struktur
Halangan
Aktivitas Industri/ Manufaktur
Kawasan Pelayanan Industri (industry bubut, perbaikan
TP
P
KP
KP
barang, pergudangan, dsb)
Kawasan Produksi dan Manufaktur (manufaktur, proses, pabrik, perakitan)
Manufaktur Teknik
KP
P
KP
P
Manufaktur Umum
TP
P
KP
P
Manufaktur Berat
TP
KP
P
P
Pengolahan dan Pertambangan
TP
KP
TP
P
Operasi Pen ela matan (firma peng mp lan
Penyela-matan
pengumpulan,
TP
TP
KP
KP
penyimpanan, dan pembongkaran kendaraan, mesin –
mesin, peralatan, dan material bangunan)
Penyimpanan / Per-gudangan Industri (gudang kecil/
TP
TP
TP
KP
fasilitas gudang)
Kargo (pusat distrbusi, pergud-angan/ kargo, dsb)
TP
KP
KP
KP
Pembuangan (pusat daur ulang, pembuangan sampah,
TP
TP
KP
P
p
pusat transfer sampah, kompos, dsb)
p
p
)
Grosiran (diskon, persewaan, atau rental barang untuk
TP
TP
TP
KP
industri, institusi, atau investasi)
Kehidupan Liar
dan Atraksi
Burung
KP
KP
KP
P
P
KP
KP
KP
P
KP
P = Pengaruh
KP = Kemungkinan Pengaruh
TP = Tidan Berpengaruh
Sumber : Mead & Hunt Ins.
45
45
46. Dasar Pertimbangan Pengembangan Pola Ruang
Tabel Kesesuaian Guna Lahan Institusi
Guna Lahan
Universitas dan Sekolah Tinggi
Pelayanan Komunitas (publik, non profit, atau
lembaga sosial)
Pelayanan komunitas umum (perpustakaan,
museum, pusat transit, TOD)
Pelayanan komunitas khusus (persinggahan)
Penitipan anak (perawatan anak, perawatan
remaja,
remaja PAUD)
Penahanan (penjara, pusat rehabilitasi)
Fasilitas Pendidikan (negeri dan swasta)
Fasilitas pendidikan umum (SD negeri dan swasta/
MI, SMP/MTS, dan SMA/MA serta asrama dan
pendidikan militer)
Fasilitas pendidikan khusus (perekonomian, bisnis,
atau kursus tanpa gelar)
kursus,
Rumah sakit (rumah sakit, klinik)
Perkumpulan agama (kris-tiani, Hindustani,
sinagog, muslim, masonik, dsb)
P = Pengaruh
KP = Kemungkinan Pengaruh
46
TP = Tidan Berpengaruh
Sumber : Mead & Hunt Ins.
Kerentanan
Pusat
Kebisingan
Aktivitas
Aktivitas Institusi
P
P
Ketinggian
Struktur
Gambaran
Halangan
Kehidupan Liar dan
Atraksi Burung
P
P
P
P
P
KP
P
P
P
P
KP
P
TP
TP
KP
P
KP
P
P
P
KP
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
KP
KP
KP
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
KP
46
47. Dasar Pertimbangan Pengembangan Pola Ruang
Tabel Kesesuaian Guna Lahan Prasarana dan Transportasi
Kerentanan
Pusat
Ketinggian
Kebisingan
Aktivitas
Struktur
Aktivitas pelayanan infrastruktur
Utilitas dasar (cabang jaringan jaringan elektrik
jaringan,
elektrik,
TP
TP
KP
sanitasi dan gorong-gorong, menara air)
Guna Lahan
Fasilitas transmisi komunikasi (pemancar,
nirkabel, tower darurat, dan antenna)
Perparkiran (besmen, struktur parkir)
Transportasi (jalan raya, jalan antar kota, jalan
lokal,
lokal dan jalan nasional)
Utilitas (pembangkit tenaga listrik, generator
angin, dan turbin)
Gambaran
Halangan
Kehidupan Liar dan
Atraksi Burung
P
P
TP
TP
P
P
KP
TP
TP
KP
KP
P
TP
KP
KP
KP
TP
TP
TP
P
P
TP
P = Pengaruh
KP = Kemungkinan Pengaruh
TP = Tidan Berpengaruh
Sumber : Mead & Hunt Ins.
Sumber : Airport City, http://ebooks.narotama.ac.id/files/Airport%20Engineering47
Planning,%20Design,%20and%20Development%20of%2021st%20Century%20Airports%20(4th%20Edition)/C
hapter%2016%20Airport%20City.pdf
47
48. Dasar Pertimbangan Pengembangan Pola Ruang
Tabel Kesesuaian Guna Lahan Pertanian dan Ruang Terbuka
Kerentanan
Pusat
Ketinggian
Kebisingan
Aktivitas
Struktur
Aktivitas Pertanian dan Ruang Terbuka
Pertanian (pengolahan tanaman dan lumbung)
Hubungan hewan dan tumbuhan
TP
TP
KP
Hubungan permukiman (gudang bahan
P
TP
KP
bakar/ fasilitas pemompaan, pembongkaran
dan pengupasan, perdagangan hasil tani)
Guna Lahan
Gambaran
Halangan
Kehidupan Liar dan
Atraksi Burung
TP
KP
P
P
Banjir
Sumber air (air permukaan)
TP
TP
TP
TP
P
Sumber daya buatan (pertambangan dan
ekstraksi, kolam penam-pungan air, lahan
basah)
Sumber daya alami (danau, kolam, padang
rumput, sungai, kali, lahan basah)
Kawasan perlindungan hewan
TP
TP
TP
P
P
TP
TP
TP
P
P
P
KP
TP
P
P
P =P
Pengaruh
h
KP = Kemungkinan Pengaruh
TP = Tidan Berpengaruh
Sumber : Mead & Hunt Ins.
Sumber : Airport City, http://ebooks.narotama.ac.id/files/Airport%20Engineering48
Planning,%20Design,%20and%20Development%20of%2021st%20Century%20Airports%20(4th%20Edition)/C
hapter%2016%20Airport%20City.pdf
48
49. Dasar Pertimbangan Pengembangan Pola Ruang
Tabel Kesesuaian Guna Lahan Olahraga dan Rekreasi
Guna Lahan
Kerentanan
Kebisingan
Aktivitas taman dan hiburan
Hiburan komersil (fasilitas latihan fisik, rekreasi, dan budaya)
Aktivitas di luar (perkemahan, fasilitas
P
tenis/berenang, bioskop terbuka, skatting,
paviliun)
KP
Aktivitas dalam ruangan (fitness, klub kesehatan,
bowling, skatting, billiard, taman bermain, teater
tertutup)
Golf (lintasan golf, lapangan golf mini)
P
Utilitas (taman bermain, lintasan balap, arena
P
olah raga)
Taman (aquatic, fasilitas olah raga kawasan,
P
keber-tentanggaan, seko-lah, komunitas)
Kasino
TP
Pusat Aktivitas
Ketinggian
Struktur
Gambaran
Halangan
Kehidupan Liar
dan Atraksi
Burung
KP
KP
P
KP
P
KP
P
KP
TP
P
TP
P
KP
P
P
P
KP
P
KP
KP
P
KP
P
P
Sumber : Airport City, http://ebooks.narotama.ac.id/files/Airport%20Engineering49
Planning,%20Design,%20and%20Development%20of%2021st%20Century%20Airports%20(4th%20Edition)/C
hapter%2016%20Airport%20City.pdf
49
51. Hal-Hal Yang Harus Diwaspadai
1
2
Aerotropolis
Ae ot opolis has to be more than a “b ild
mo e
“build
it and they will come” airport dream.
Success rests on market realities and
adequate air service.
The opportunities or constraints to
aerotropolis roll-out are determined by
natural ecological factors, surface
p
,
p
transportation infrastructure, ownership of
land parcels, labor force characteristics,
and local governance structures.
51
51
52. Persoalan Terkait Pola Ruang
Lack of alignment between airport, city and regional planning;
Lack of integrated forward-looking spatial planning and joint-agreements;
Lack of coordination between different levels of government and other stakeholders;
Blighted conditions where small-scale older uses have been disenfranchised from wider
improvement coalitions;
Competition, conflict and confusion between local authorities over development philosophies
and planning controls;
Equitable financing of infrastructure provision;
Traffic congestion at airports stimulated by airport-related commercial activity;
Uncertainty regarding optimal character of on- and near-airport commercial development; and
Resistance from ’high street‘ traders and local municipalities to expansion of retailing at
airports.
Sumber : The planning of airport regions and National Aviation Policy Issues and challenges in Australia 2008-2009,
Robert Freestone and Douglas Baker.
52
61. Development Principles
Pittsburgh International Airport
1.
Develop a multi-jurisdictional strategy
2.
Plan primarily for airport related uses
3.
Develop airport compatible uses
4.
Concentrate development
5.
Preserve natural areas
6.
Develop sustainably
7.
Provide connectivity
8.
Encourage mixed-use development
9.
9
Encourage infill development
10. Make places, not sprawl.
61
62. Conceptual Development Program
Pittsburgh International Airport
Flex and distribution
Bonded warehouses
Freight forwarders
Free trade zone assembly and
shipping
Just-in-time electronics repairs
Just-in-time manufacturing
Technology companies
information technology
robotics
bio medical
bio-medical
Energy
Satellite university campuses
Hospitals and trauma centers
Aerotropolis support services and
uses
hotels
entertainment
conference centers
retail and food
mixed income housing
Headquarters
International
National
Regional
E-Fulfillment centers
Destination entertainment
R & D parks
Corporate campuses
62
65. Basic Design Principles for an Aerotropolis
1.
Improving transportation capacity whether by highway or rail. There are those who
believe that limiting capacity limits travel. That may be true but the congestion
caused by limited capacity causes more emissions than adequate capacity.
2.
Minimizing the needed ground movement. With the increase in especially business
air travel, airports have become an important part of the metropolitan movement
travel
equation.
3.
g
y
g
p
g
Per movement aircraft emissions and noise are generally decreasing but planning
air routes and land use in combination can still reduce exposure.
65
66. Proses Perkembangan Aerocity
1.
Pengembangan kawasan komersial yang pesat di dan di sekitar gerbang bandara menjadikan kegiatan
tersebut sebagai generator pertumbuhan perkotaan dan menjadikan bandara sebagai :
a.
p
pusat lapangan pekerjaan yang penting,
p g p
j
y gp
g,
b.
kawasan perbelanjaan,
c.
perdagangan, serta
d.
destinasi bisnis,
serta bandara membangun sebuah “brand image” tersendiri untuk menarik kegiatan bisnis yang tidak
berkaitan dengan kebandarudaraan.
2.
Sifat alami dari pasar lokal dalam kegiatan industri dan komersial memiliki peran penting dalam
keberlangsungan kota bandara dan kegiatan di dalamnya.
3.
Area di sekitar bandara juga dapat menarik kegiatan bisnis, pekerja-pekerja profesional dan penduduk yang
lebih banyak dibanding dengan área lain, pembangunan kegiatan komersial di dalam kawasan bandara
merefleksikan kebutuhan dari pekerjaan, pekerja dan penduduk terhadap pelayanan yang disediakan oleh
bisnis yang berbasis bandara. pelayanan-pelayanan tersebut meliputi pelayanan perumahan, rekreasi,
kuliner, perdagangan, kesehatan, penitipan anak dan dokter hewan.
66
67. Proses Perkembangan Aerocity
4.
Kebutuhan–kebutuhan untuk kegiatan bisnis yang berbasis pada bandara saat ini disediakan di dalam
kawasan campuran (mixed use) yang luas di dalam área bandara, sebagai sentra pembangunan
metropolitan. Pergeseran ini membuat pembangunan kota bandara sebagai model perencanaan kreartif dan
p
g
p
g
g
p
atribut-atribut managemen yang berbeda.
a.
Perkantoran dan Kegiatan Bisnis, meliputi Kawasan Bisnis
b.
Logistik dan Distribusi, meliputi Freight Forwarding, 3 PL’s, Flow-thru
c.
Produksi Barang, meliputi Kawasan Industri.
67
68. Jenis Kegiatan di Dalam Aerocity
Aerotropolis menjadi generator utama pengembangan kawasan karena merupakan
kawasan cepat tumbuh berbasis bandara atau sering disebut airport-centric
commercial development. Kawasan ini menciptakan secara mandiri :
1.
significant employment,
2.
2
shopping,
h
i
3.
trading,
4.
4
business meeting
meeting,
5.
entertainment, and
6.
leisure destinations,
sehingga menjadi kota handal dan menjadi daya tarik global (melalui airplane network)
dan lokal (melalui multimodal lokal).
68
69. Daftar Kegiatan Komersial Kota Bandara
1.
Pertokoan
2.
Restoran
3.
Kegiatan entertainmen dan kebudayaan
4.
Hotel dan akomodasinya
5.
5
Bank dan penukaran mata uang asing
6.
Gedung Perkantoran
7.
Convention and exhibition centers
8.
Hiburan, rekreasi dan pusat kebugaran
9.
Logistik dan distribusi
10.
10 Pengawetan makanan dan pendinginan
11. Katering dan kuliner
12. Perdagangan bebas dan sejenisnya
13. Lapangan golf
14. Factory outlets
15 P l
15. Pelayanan k l
keluarga, seperti kli ik k
ti klinik kesehatan d penitipan anak
h t dan
iti
k
69
70. Skema Tipe Kegiatan Kota Bandara
1.
Kegiatan di dalam kota bandara :
a. Pelayanan konsumen.
b. Kawasan perdagangan, meliputi pertokoan.
c. Real estate, meliputi perkantoran, hotel dan bongkar muat.
d.
d Multi moda meliputi taxi trem, bus dan kereta api.
moda,
taxi, trem
api
e. Infrastruktur terminal, meliputi terminal.
f.
2.
Infrastruktur dasar, meliputi jalan raya.
Kegiatan di luar kota bandara :
a. Hotel dan penginapan.
b. Kegiatan pertemuan, meliputi eksibisi dan konferensi.
c. Kegiatan perdagangan, meliputi pusat perbelanjaan.
70
73. Alternatif Pembiayaan
Tahapan Pengembangan Berdasarkan Sumber Pembiayaan
He advises them on how to achieve the “Airport City’s Triple Bottom Line.”
The first point is that major airports now receive more of their revenue from
nonaeronautical sources than from aeronautical sources.
Secondly, rapid commercial development at and around major airports transforms
them into leading urban growth generators as airport areas become significant
employment, shopping, and business destinations in their own right.
The airport area finally develops a “brand image” attracting even non-airport linked
businesses.
Thus, Kasarda is advocating for nothing less than creating whole new airport-themed
urban zones within regions.
b
i hi
i
Sumber : Aerotropoli, The Logic of Globalization and the Rise of Dr. John Kasarda, By John Patrick Good Globalization Spaces
Final Research Paper December 18, 2007
73
74. Sumber Pembiayaan
Airport-lead, Airport-funded.
For those communities whose Airport has taken a lead role in the creation of an Aerotropolis, those efforts are also primarily, if not
entirely, funded by that Airport. In these communities, the very active marine port authorities in those communities compliment the
economic development efforts coordinated by their airports.
Large scale private developers
developers.
These Aerotropolis communities have benefitted from vast tracts of available, developable land and the participation of a few real
estate developers. These developers have privately financed. large scale communities, business parks, industrial facilities, and
logistics parks where there once was desert or farmland.
Combination of Public and Private sector financial contributions.
In th
I those communities where private sector involvement is strong and available land is at a premium, companies and units of
iti
h
i t
t i
l
ti t
d
il bl l d i t
i
i
d
it f
government have made financial contributions to the Aerotropolis organization operating in that community.
State and Federal grants/tax incentives.
For a number of Aerotropolis communities, the ability to offer tax incentives or the award of grant money has been given by the
State or Federal Government.
Sumber : 2013 AIRPORT ECONOMICS & HUMAN CAPITAL
CONFERENCE, Airport City Real Estate Development
Opportunities & Challenges
74
75. Alternatif Pembiayaan
Non-Airline Revenue Target
Sumber : 2013 AIRPORT ECONOMICS & HUMAN
CAPITAL CONFERENCE, Airport City Real Estate
75
Development Opportunities & Challenges
76. Alternatif Pembiayaan
Hierarchy of Airport Participation
Sumber : 2013 AIRPORT ECONOMICS & HUMAN
CAPITAL CONFERENCE, Airport City Real Estate
76
Development Opportunities & Challenges
76
77. Implementation & Governance
Sumber : 2013 AIRPORT ECONOMICS & HUMAN
CAPITAL CONFERENCE, Airport City Real Estate
77
Development Opportunities & Challenges
77
79. Penyusun
Nama
:Ir. Fitri Indra Wardhono
Pendidikan :Sarjana Teknik Strata Pertama Bidang Teknik
Planologi
Email
:fitriwardhono@yahoo.com
Blog
:fitriwardhono.wordpress.com