Cognitive Task Analysis of Teams (Team CTA)

Cognitive Task Analysis of Teams ,[object Object],[object Object]

Traditional Task Analysis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Cognitive Task Analysis (CTA) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Goals of CTA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Cognitive Task Analysis of Teams

Why Conduct Team CTA? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Team CTA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Objectives of Team CTA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Team Environment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Team Environment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Types of Teams ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Cognitive Processes of Teams What to measure through Team CTA methods

Cognitive Processes of Teams ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

A Model for Team Cognition Knowledge Mental Models Attitudes Expectations Skills Member A Member C Member B Team Performance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],(Stout, Cannon-Bowers, and Salas, 1996)

1. Shared Mental Models ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Shared Mental Models and Team Performance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Methods to Elicit and Represent Shared Mental Models

Variation of Goal-Directed Analysis (Woods & Hollnagel, 1987) To solicit knowledge of Team Goals and Task Objectives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Task Goal Sub-Goal 1 Sub-Goal 2 Sub-Goal 3 Task 1 Agreement Metric Team Goals For Each Member For Whole Team Task 2

Variation of Task-Action Mapping (Coury et al., 1991) To solicit knowledge of Task Procedures, Sequence and Timing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Description Task 1 Task 2 Task 3 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Concept 1 e.g. Evacuation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Bootstrapping (Hoffman, Shadbolt, Burton & Klein 1995) To solicit knowledge of Roles and Responsibilities ,[object Object],Documentation Individual Interviews Observation Group Interviews May not adequately capture dynamic, contextual data like misinterpretations, omissions due to environmental factors

Adapted Critical Incident Method (Flanagan, 1954; Critical Decision Method by Klein, 1989) To solicit knowledge of Roles and Responsibilities, Strategies, Attitudes and Personal Characteristics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

2. Control of Attention ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Methods to Elicit and Represent Control of Attention

Scenario based Questionnaires (Blickensderfer, 1997) To solicit knowledge of Information Management Strategies, and Communication Skills ,[object Object],[object Object]

3. Shared Situation Awareness ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Methods to Elicit and Represent Shared Situation Awareness

Adapted Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT) (Endsley, 1995) To solicit knowledge of compatible situation awareness ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Situation Awareness Linked Indicators Adapted to Novel Tasks (SALIANT) (Muniz et al. , 1998) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

4. Application of Strategies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Methods to Elicit and Represent Team Strategies

Retrospective Protocol Analysis (Means, 1993) To solicit knowledge of agreement on strategies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

5. Metacognition ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Methods to Elicit and Represent Metacognition

Mission Simulation (Klein) To solicit knowledge of self-monitoring or metacognition ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Methods for Representing Team CTA Results ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],World Team CTA Prototypes of Changed World

Limitations / Challenges in Applying Team CTA Methods

Challenges in Applying Team CTA Methods ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Summary ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Summary ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Summary ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

References ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Cognitive Task Analysis of Teams Thank You !

Cognitive Task Analysis of Teams (Team CTA)

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Cognitive Task Analysis of Teams (Team CTA)