Physics Semester 2 Review and Tutorial

Slides with
red
backgrounds
involve word
problems.
Slides with
tan
backgrounds
involve
matching
concepts.
Slides with olive
backgrounds
involve reading
data tables.
Slides with
green
backgrounds
involve
graphing.
The slides used in this tutorial are color coded. If
you are experiencing difficulty with one aspect of
your understanding than another you might find
this coding useful.

Displacement, Time, Velocity, Acceleration, Mass, Force,
Weight, Tension, Impulse, Momentum, Work, Energy,
Power, Spring Constant, Radius, Tangential Velocity,
Centripetal Acceleration, Centripetal Force, Angular
Momentum, Wavelength, Frequency, Time Period, Mach
Number, Index of Refraction
Select the units that match the
physics quantity.
Hz or
cycles/s
J or
kgm2/s2
J/s kg kgm/s
kgm2/s m m/s m/s2 N or
kgm/s2
N/m None Ns s s/cycle

Displacement- m
Time- s
Velocity- m/s
Acceleration- m/s2
Mass- kg
Force- N Weight- N
Tension- N
Impulse- Ns
Momentum- kgm/s
Work- J
Energy- J
Power- J/s
Spring Constant- N/m
Radius- m
Tangential Velocity- m/s
Centripetal Acceleration- m/s2
Centripetal Force- N
Angular Momentum- kgm2/s
Wavelength- m
Frequency- Hz (cycles/s)
Time Period- s/cycle or just s
Mach Number- None
Index of Refraction- None

0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
Work Ug KE Ug KE Ug KE Ug KE
Energy Bar Graph

20.41 m
15.31 m
5.1 m
17.86 m
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
Energy Bar Graph
Ug = mgΔy

10.00 m/s
17.32 m/s
7.08 m/s
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
Energy Bar Graph
0 m/s
KE = ½ mv2

What is the net force
required to get the
rollercoaster to the top
of the first hill according to the
previous energy bar graph?

SOLUTION:
K U
Find the force.
W= 200,000 J F
Δy = 20.41 m
F = 9799.12 N

What is the kinetic enery
contained in a 35 kg object that
has been displaced 7 meters
horizontally by a force of 6 N?

SOLUTION:
K U
Find the kinetic energy.
F = 6 N KE
Δx = 7 m
KE = 42 J

If that same 35 kg object was
displaced 7 meters horizontally by
a force of 6 N in 2 seconds, what
would be the units of your answer?

W = J Units
t = s
Units = J/s
Find units.
P = W/t

Energy
Impulse
Momentum
Power
Work
• The product of force and the time interval
during which the force acts.
• The product of the constant force on an object
and the straight line distance through which the
object is moved.
• Rate at which work is done.
• Inertia in motion.
• The ability to do work.

Energy- The ability to do work.
Impulse- The product of force and the time
interval during which the force acts.
Momentum- Inertia in motion.
Power- Rate at which work is done.
Work- The product of the constant force on an
object and the straight line distance through
which the object is moved.

0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
F(N)
Δ l (m)
Force vs Change of Length

0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
F(N)
Δ l (m)
Rise = 15 N
Run = 25 m
Slope = Rise/Run
Slope = .6 N/m

0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
F(N)
Δ l (m)
Area =( ½) Rise x Run
Area = N x m
Area = kgm/s2 x m
Area = kgm2/s2
Area = J

Determine where the y
intercept on a force vs change
of length graph would be if the
spring contains no energy.

SOLUTION:
K U
Determine the y-intercept.
Us = 0 J y-intercept
Δl = 0 m
y-intercept = 0,0

Two identical 924 kg cars begin breaking
at exactly the same time with the same
constant force of 1250 N on a level road.
Car “A” comes to a stop in 50 meters. Car
“B” comes to a stop in 100 meters.
Determine the velocity of each vehicle.

SOLUTION:
K U
To solve for velocity remember the
Work-Kinetic Energy Theorem
F = 1250 N Vf”A”
Xi = 0 m Vf”B”
Xf”A” = 50 m
Xf”A” = 100 m
m = 924 kg
Vf”A”= 11.63 m/s
Vf”B”= 16.45 m/s

0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
Work Us KE Us KE Us KE
Energy Bar Graph

A stopped car was left
unattended on a 17 meter
hill. It rolls down hill for 5
meters. Determine the
velocity of the car.

SOLUTION:
K U
Determine the velocity.
Yi = 17 m V
Yf = 12 m
Δy = 5 m
V = 9.9 m/s

0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
Work KE Us Ug KE Us Ug KE Us Ug KE Us Ug KE Us Ug KE Us Ug
Energy Bar Graph of a Pole Vaulter

Determine the frequency that an
object is moving around a 30
meter diameter circle if it is
traveling at 5 m/s.

SOLUTION:
K U
Calculate the frequency.
r = 15 m T
V= 5 m/s f
f = .053 Hz
You could also use 2πr as λ!

Radius
(m)
Time
Period
(s)
Centripetal
Acceleration
(m/s2 )
Centripetal
Force
(N )
Frequency
(Hz)
1 .898
4 12.25
7 14
13 .086

Radius
(m)
Time
Period
(s)
Centripetal
Acceleration
(m/s2 )
Centripetal
Force
(N )
Frequency
(Hz)
1 .898 49 98 1.11
4 3.59 12.25 24.5 .279
7 6.28 7 14 .159
13 11.63 3.77 7.54 .086

Frequency
(Hz)
Time
Period
(s)
Centripetal
Acceleration
(m/s2 )
Centripetal
Force
(N )
.5 2
.2 37.9
.111 35.1
.077

Frequency
(Hz)
Time
Period
(s)
Centripetal
Acceleration
(m/s2 )
Centripetal
Force
(N )
.5 2 236.87 710.61
.2 5 37.9 113.7
.111 9 11.7 35.1
.077 13 5.61 16.83

Select the graph
that best
represents the
inverse square
relationship
between
centripetal
acceleration and
radius if ac
(m/s2) is plotted
on the y-axis and
r (m) is plotted
on the x-axis.
Graph Options

Graph Options
Select the graph
that best
represents the
inverse square
relationship
between
centripetal
acceleration and
radius if ac
(m/s2) is plotted
on the y-axis and
r (m) is plotted
on the x-axis.

Star Planet Distancefrom
Star(m)
MassofPlanet
(kg)
ForceofAttraction
(N)
Caramel Butterfinger 5.8x10
10
3.3×1023
KitKat 1.1x10
11
4.9×1024
Yorky 2.3x10
11
6.4×1023
Chunky 7.8x1011
3.96x1023
BabyRuth 1.4x10
12
3.69x1022
Rolo 8.6×1025 1.29x1021
Crunchy 1.0×1026 6.26x1020

Star Planet Distancefrom
Star(m)
MassofPlanet
(kg)
ForceofAttraction
(N)
Nestle Butterfinger 5.8x10
10
3.3×1023 1.24x1022
KitKat 1.1x10
11
4.9×1024 5.13x1022
Yorky 2.3x10
11
6.4×1023 1.53x1021
Chunky 7.8x1011
1.9×1027 3.96x1023
BabyRuth 1.4x10
12
5.7×1026 3.69x1022
Rolo 2.9x1012
8.6×1025 1.29x1021
Crunchy 4.5x1012
1.0×1026 6.26x1020

Longitudinal Wave
Transverse Wave
Reflected Wave
Refracted Wave
• Bending of an oblique ray of light when it changes
velocity due to a change in the medium in which it is
traveling.
• Wave in which the individual particles of a medium
vibrate back and forth in the direction in which the wave
travels.
• Return of light from a surface in such a way that the
angle at which the ray is retruned is equal to the angle at
which it strikes the surface.
• Wave in which the individual particles of a medium
vibrate back and forth perpendicular to the direction in
which the wave travels.

Longitudinal Wave- Wave in which the individual particles
of a medium vibrate back and forth in the direction in
which the wave travels.
Transverse Wave- Wave in which the individual particles of
a medium vibrate back and forth perpendicular to the
direction in which the wave travels.
Reflected Wave- Return of light from a surface in such a
way that the angle at which the ray is retruned is equal to
the angle at which it strikes the surface.
Refracted Wave- Bending of an oblique ray of light when it
changes velocity due to a change in the medium in which it
is traveling.

“A” “B”
Longitudinal? “A” and “B”
because they are both sound
waves!
Quieter? “A”
Lower Pitched? “B”
More Energy? “B”
Longest Wavelength? “B”
Wavelength
Amplitude
Frequency

Determine the speed of sound at a
temperature of 23.25° C.

SOLUTION:
K U
Calculate speed of sound.
T = 23.5° C Vsos
Vsos = 343.95 m/s

Determine the frequency of sound
you will hear when the ice cream
truck is coming toward you and then
when it is traveling away from you if
the truck emits a bell at a frequency of
244 Hz and is traveling at 2 m/s.

SOLUTION:
K U
Calculate frequency.
fi = 244 Hz ff
V = 2 m/s
Towards ff = 245.48 Hz
Away ff = 242.53 Hz
Who buys ice cream in that
kind of weather???

Compare the frequencies of a sound
that has a .75 meter wavelength when
traveling in a temperature of -10° C
and the same sound wave when the
temperature is 10° C.

SOLUTION:
K U
Calculate frequencies.
T = -10° C ff
T = 10° C
-10 C f = 432 Hz
10 C f = 448 Hz

Graph Options
Select the graph
that best
represents the
position of a
sound wave that
echoes off the
ocean floor and
returns to the
source at the
surface of the
ocean. The ship
creating the sound
is the reference
point.

Graph Options
Select the graph
that best
represents the
position of a
sound wave that
echoes off the
ocean floor and
returns to the
source at the
surface of the
ocean.
Point at which sound
wave hits ocean floor.

It is a beautiful 28° C day
without
a cloud in the sky and you are
watching the air show on Lake
Michigan. A plane is traveling at
Mach 2.5. Determine the plane’s

SOLUTION:
K U
Calculate velocity.
T = 28° C V
Mach = 2.5
V = 867 m/s
Find the velocity of sound for
that day and then multiply that
number by 2.5!

If the same plane is flying 300 meters
off the ground, determine the time it
takes after the plane passes directly
overhead for you to hear the sonic
boom, and how far the plane would
travel in that same amount of time.

SOLUTION:
K U
Calculate time and displacement.
T = 28° C t
Mach = 2.5 Xf
Vp = 867 m/s
Vs = 346.8 m/s
t = .865 s
Xf = 749.96 m

Determine the wavelength of a
sound wave that has a frequency
of 128.75 Hz and is traveling at
330 m/s.

SOLUTION:
K U
Calculate wavelength.
f = 300 Hz λ
V = 769 m/s
λ = 2.56 m

Umbra
Penumbra
Additive Primary Color
Subtractive Primary Color
Complementary Color
• Three colors of light absorbing pigments that when mixed
in certain proportions will reflect any color of the
spectrum.
• A partial shadow that appears where some of the light is
blocked and other light can fall.
• Any two colors of light that when added together produce
white light.
• Darker part of a shadow where all light is blocked.
• Three colors of light that when added together in certain
proportions will produce any color of the spectrum.

Umbra- Darker part of a shadow where all light is blocked.
Penumbra- A partial shadow that appears where some of the
light is blocked and other light can fall.
Additive Primary Color- Three colors of light that when
added together in certain proportions will produce any color
of the spectrum.
Subtractive Primary Color- Three colors of light absorbing
pigments that when mixed in certain proportions will reflect
any color of the spectrum.
Complementary Color- Any two colors of light that when
added together produce white light.

Compare the velocities of a radio
wave and a sound wave when the
temperature is 17° C.

SOLUTION:
K U
Calculate and compare velocities.
T = 17° C Vs
c = 3 x 108 m/s
Vr = 3 x 108 m/s
Vs = 340.2 m/s
Radio waves are part of the
electromagnetic spectrum!

Compare the change in velocities
of a sound wave and a radio wave
after hitting glass if the index of
refraction is 1.43 when the
temperature is 17° C .

SOLUTION:
K U
Calculate and compare velocities.
T = 17° C Vs
c = 3 x 108 m/s
Vr = 2.09 x 108 m/s
Vs = 340.2 m/s
Reflective velocity will equal
Incidental velocity for sound.

Determine the frequency of a
radio wave that has a
wavelength of 300 meters.

SOLUTION:
K U
Calculate frequency.
c = 3 x 108 m/s f
λ = 300 m
f = 1,000,000 Hz
or 1,000 kHz
or 100 MHz
Did you remember radio waves
are part of the electromagnetic
spectrum?

Polarizer Options
Select the set of
polarizers that
would allow the
most light to pass
through.

Mr. Floyd is trying to separate the color
pink from white light by shining white
light through a diamond prism. If the
angle of incidence is 35° and the angle
of
refraction is 13.7°, determine the index
of refraction for a diamond.

SOLUTION:
K U
Calculate the index of refraction.
nair = 1 ndiamond
Θi = 35°
Θr = 13.7°
n = 2.42

A person is 1.5 meters tall and
is standing 5 meters in front of
a pinhole camera. The camera
screen is .1 meters from the
pinhole. Determine the size of
the image.

SOLUTION:
K U
Calculate the size of the image.
So = 1.5 m Si
p = 5 m
q = .1 m
Si = .03 m

A picture of a 1.5 meter object
produces an image of 1.5 cm
when the object is 4 meters
from the camera. Determine
the focal point of the camera.

SOLUTION:
K U
Calculate the focal point.
So = 1.5 m f
Si = .015 m q
p = 4 m
f = .0396 m

Select the statements that match each type of
mirror.
Concave Plane
Upright Inverted Real Virtual Magnified
Reduced Same size Reversed True (Not Reversed)

Concave- Upright or Inverted, Real or Virtual,
Magnified, Reduced, or the same size, Reversed or
True.
Plane- Upright, Virtual, Same size, and Reversed.

Select the statements that match a concave mirror.
The object is outside the center point.
The object is at the center point.
The object is at the focal point.
The object is inside the focal point.
Upright Inverted Real Virtual Magnified
Reduced Same size Reversed True (Not Reversed)

The object is outside the center point.
Inverted, Real, Reduced, and Reversed.
The object is at the center point.
Inverted, Real, Same size, and Reversed.
The object is at the focal point.
No image is produced.
The object is inside the focal point.
Upright, Virtual, Magnified, and True.

A 7.5 cm object is placed 10 cm in
front of a concave mirror that has
focal point of 20 cm. Determine
the image size and distance. Then,
determine if the image is real or
virtual.

SOLUTION:
K U
Calculate the image size and distance and type.
So = 7.5 cm Si
p = 10 cm q
f = 20 cm Real or Virtual
Si = -15 cm (meaning the image has flipped)
q = -20 cm (meaning the image is in the mirror)
Virtual
v
v

Black White Blue Cyan Green Magenta Red Yellow
Select the color that each object would appear if
only red light was incident upon the objects.

Black White Blue Cyan Green Magenta Red Yellow
Select the color that each object would appear if
only cyan light was incident upon the objects.

Select the most likely reason that each cloud
would appear the color illustrated.
-The cloud is made up of small sized particles that
reflect high frequency waves.
-The cloud is made up of medium sized particles
that reflect medium frequency waves.
-The cloud is made up of large sized particles that
reflect low frequency waves.

The cloud is made up of small
sized particles that reflect high
frequency waves.
The cloud is made up of large
sized particles that reflect low
frequency waves.
The cloud is made up of medium
sized particles that reflect medium
frequency waves.

While playing the “milk
bottle” game at the
amusement park, a .448 kg ball is thrown
at a constant horizontal velocity of 10.4
m/s and collides with a stationary .577 kg
milk bottle. If the two objects then stick
together, determine the velocity at which
they would continue to travel.

SOLUTION:
K U
Find the velocity.
m1 = .448 kg Vf
m2 = .577 kg p
g = -9.8 m/s2
Vi1 = 10.4 m/s
Vi2 = 0 m/s
p = 4.66 kgm/s2
Vf = 4.55 m/s

Dr. Fiala, who has a
mass of 100 kg is traveling at a
constant velocity of 1.5 m/s.
Determine the impulse felt by the
unfortunate freshman sitting
stationary in their bumper car.

SOLUTION:
K U
Find the impulse.
m = 100 kg p
Vi = 1.5 m/s I
I = 150 Ns

If the unfortunate freshman sitting
in the bumper car experienced the
impact for .03 seconds, determine
the force that Dr. Fiala applied to
their bumper car.
Ha, Ha, Ha, Ha

SOLUTION:
K U
Find force.
m = 100 kg F
Vi = 1.5 m/s
p = 150 kgm/s2
t = .03 s
I = 150 Ns
F = 5,000 N

If it takes 85,000 W of power to
raise Sky Trek Tower requiring
2,000,000 J of energy, determine the
time required to lift the ride to the
top.

SOLUTION:
K U
Find time.
P= 85,000 W t
ET = 2,000,000 J
t = 23.53 s

Fully loaded the Sky Trek Tower
has a mass of 2349.28 kg.
Determine the maximum height of
the ride.

SOLUTION:
K U
Find height.
P= 85,000 W Δy
ET = 2,000,000 J
t = 23.53 s
m = 2349.28 kg
g = 9.8 m/s2
Δy = 86.87 m

Sky Trek Tower is fully
enclosed to prevent objects
from falling out. If you did drop
your accelerometer out of the
window by accident, determine its
velocity just before reaching the
ground.

SOLUTION:
K U
Find velocity.
P= 85,000 W V
ET = 2,000,000 J
t = 23.53 s
m = 2349.28 kg
g = -9.8 m/s2
Δy = 86.87 m
V = -41.26 m/s

Vertical Accelerometer Readings
Select the
vertical
accelerometer
reading that
best matches
the
acceleration it
would be
experiencing
on the fall
from the Sky
Trek Tower.

Force
Diagrams
Select the force
diagram that best
matches the reading
on the previous
vertical accelerometer.

To confirm the results from
the
height slide, you decide to
triangulate the height of Sky Trek
Tower. Using a baseline of 20 meters,
and a sightline height of 1.5 meters,
you findθ1 (22°) andθ2 (20°).
Determine the triangulated height.

SOLUTION:
K U
Find height.
b = 20 m h
SLH = 1.5 m
Θ1 = 22°
Θ2 = 20°
h = 74.93 m

At a certain point in your ride on
your roller coaster your horizontal
acceleration is 14.53 m/s2.
Determine the angle at which your
horizontal accelerometer would be
indicating.

SOLUTION:
K U
Find angle.
a = 14.53 m/s2 Θ
g = 9.8 m/s2
Θ = 56°

At a certain point in your
ride on your roller coaster your
horizontal accelerometer has a
deflection of 76°. Determine the
number of g’s being produced at
that point.

SOLUTION:
K U
Find g’s.
g = 9.8 m/s2 g
Θ = 76°
g = 4 g’s

At a certain point in your
ride on your roller coaster your
vertical accelerometer is halfway
between the second and third line.
Determine your acceleration at that
point.

SOLUTION:
K U
Find acceleration.
g = 9.8 m/s2 a
g’s = 1.5
a = 4.9 m/s2

Force
Diagrams
Select the force
diagram that best
matches the
acceleration you
calculated for the
previous problem.

Select the
vertical
accelerometer
reading that
best matches
the most force
of support.

Select the
vertical
accelerometer
reading that
best matches
the roller
coaster
traveling at
constant
velocity to the
top of the
first hill.

Select the
vertical
accelerometer
reading that
best matches
the roller
coaster
traveling
down the first
hill.

Select the
vertical
accelerometer
reading that
best matches
the roller
coaster
actually
accelerating
at 4.9 m/s2.

Physics Semester 2 Review and Tutorial

Physics Semester 2 Review and Tutorial

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