2. MIPEX: Tool to compare, analyse, and improve
integration policy
• Do all residents have equal rights, responsibilities and
opportunities to become equal members of society &
citizens?
• Benchmark policies and implementation measures, according
to European & international standards
• Public “Quick Reference Guide”
• Strictly scrutinise policy objectives, progress, and results
3. Largest and most rigorous study of its kind
(148 policy indicators)
7 Policy Areas for immigrants to participate in society:
1) Labour market mobility* 2) Family reunion* 3) Education
4) Political participation* 5) Long-term residence*
6) Access to nationality 7) Anti-discrimination
•Covers 27 EU Member States, Norway, Switzerland, Canada,
United States of America (now also Australia & Japan)
•7 comparative research partners worked on policy indicators
•100+ national independent legal experts answer and peer
review, all based on policies passed by 31 May 2010
4.
5.
6. Key Findings
Average @ ≈50%:
Political will counts,
more than tradition
+1: Slow progress
Few fact-based changes
Monitor statistics (esp.
emp. & edu.), but
evaluate policy impact?
8. 1) ACCESS
• Pre-primary education
• Compulsory education as legal right
• Assessment of prior learning Education:
• Support to access secondary education Indicators
• Vocational training
• Higher education
• Advice and guidance
2) TARGETING NEEDS
• Induction programmes
• Support in language(s) of instruction
• Pupil monitoring
• Targeted technical and financial assistance
• Teacher training on migrants’ needs
3) NEW OPPORTUNITIES
• Option to learn immigrant languages
• Option to learn about immigrant cultures
• Promoting social integration & monitoring segregation
• Support to parents and communities
4) INTERCULTURAL EDUCATION
• Inclusion in curriculum
• State supports information initiatives
• Modifying curricula to reflect diversity
• Adapting daily life
• Bringing migrants into teaching staff
• Teacher training on intercultural education
9. Education
EU Area of Weakness
Countries rarely see and
address needs &
opportunities of new
diverse generation
10. Education
Country comparison
• Equal access in
compulsory (most)
• Equal access in all (1/2)
• Few targeted measures
re: access
• Few legal entitlements &
standards re: needs
• Immigrant languages, but
not for all
• Few systems to diversify
schools/teachers
• Uneven support for
intercultural education
13. Some legal access, few
proactive measures
• Equal access in all (1/2)
• Few targeted measures
re: access
• e.g. Targeted measures in
DK, FI, BE, NL, and PT
ACIDI projects
14. Prior learning
• Hardly any formal system
to recognise children’s
previous skills
• e.g. CASNAV in FR & LUX
15. Targeting specific needs
• Few legal entitlements &
standards re: needs
• e.g. Nordic mainstreaming
16. Learning the language
• Language support not
held up to same standard
as rest of curriculum
17. Missed opportunities
• Most systems missing out
on opportunities migrant
pupils bring to classroom
• Some guidance on
immigrant languages
• Less on cultures or
segregation
• e.g. SE, BE, CH
18. Intercultural Education
• Few systems to diversify
Uneven support for
intercultural education
schools/teachers
• e.g. UK Citizenship
Curriculum, NO ‘Equal
Education in Practice!’, ES
Education for Citizenship
& Human Rights
Legal integration is only 1 st step in long path to integrated societies (Tampere Conclusions, Stockholm Programme) on policies, changes, trends & international standards
Labour market mobility Do legal third-country nationals have comparable workers’ rights and opportunities like EU nationals/nationals to access jobs and improve their skills? Family reunion Do legal third-country nationals have a comparable right to reunite in their families like EU nationals who move from one Member State to another? Education Are all the children of immigrants encouraged to achieve and develop in school like the children of nationals? Long-term residence Do legal third-country nationals have comparable access to a long-term residence permit like EU nationals who move from another Member State? Political participation Do legal third-country nationals have comparable opportunities as nationals to participate in political life? Access to nationality Are legal immigrants encouraged to naturalise and are their children born in the country entitled to become full citizens? Anti-discrimination Do all residents have effective legal protection from racial, ethnic, religious, and nationality discrimination in all areas?
As many opportunities as obstacles Areas of Strength: Basic residence security and rights for workers, families, long-term residents Basic protections against ethnic, racial, and religious discrimination Policies across Europe are more similar and strong where EU law applies PROGRESS ON ANTI-DISCRIMINATION Areas of weakness: Few migrants can participate politically on the issues affecting them daily NEED MAJOR REFORM (GR) HALF OLDEST VOTING RIGHTS, HARD TO OBTAIN, HARDER TO LOSE WITHOUT NEGATIVE AFFECTS WEAK CONSULTATIVE BODIES COME AND GO POLITICAL LIBERTIES Discretionary citizenship procedures discourage many settled residents TRADITIONAL COUNTRIES SLIGHTLY FAVOURABLE 3 TRENDS SHORTER (5-7), DUAL (18, DK, DE, NL), BIRTHRIGHT (14) (NEW COUNTRIES, COMPARED TO IT AND ES, GR MOST, AND PT BEST) ONLY CONFIDENT EUROPEAN COUNTRIES DO BOTH Countries rarely address education needs and opportunities of new generations of diverse students COMPULSORY ALL, HALF ALL LEVELS, DIFFERENT NEEDS (E.G. LANGUAGE NOT UP TO STANDARD), MISS OUT OPPORTUNITIES (LANGUAGE NOT FOR ALL) ANY SYSTEM TO DIVERSIFY CLASSROOMS AND TEACHERS
