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Municipal Energy Financing
a.k.a. Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE)
                                       John Farrell
                            Institute for Local Self-Reliance
        Presentation to the Southwest Renewable Energy Conference (SWREC)
                            Santa Fe| September 14, 2010
New Rules Project @ ILSR
•   Public Broadband
•   Local Banking
•   Independent Retail
•   Community Energy
         www.muninetworks.org                      Energy Self-Reliant States




                     @ Inst. For Local Self-Reliance
Municipal Energy Financing
      •   Overview
      •   Rationale
      •   Potential
      •   Issues

Municipal Energy Financing: Lessons Learned
http://bit.ly/munienergyfinance




                                              Municipal Energy Financing
                                                     @ SWREC
Overview

                                                           Sells bonds
      Installs energy
         efficiency
improvements and on-
 site renewable energy
                                                        Pays for property
                                                         improvements
 Pays with long-term
    property tax
     assessment
                                                      Assesses property for
                                                        cost plus interest



                         Municipal Energy Financing
                                @ SWREC
Rationale: Financing Mismatch
Average time in one residence:

            5-6 years                                5-6 years


Finance terms:
                                 10-15 years




            5-6 years


                        Municipal Energy Financing
                               @ SWREC
Solution: Property Tied Financing
Long-term financing stays with property

            5-6 years                                5-6 years




                                 10-15 years




                        Municipal Energy Financing
                               @ SWREC
Rationale: Information Disjointed

     State                                   Utility
    rebate                                   rebate
                                                          Utility
                                                          audit




                                                         Energy
        Nonprofit                                      Star rating
         energy
          guide                                  Federal tax
                                                   credit


                    Municipal Energy Financing
                           @ SWREC
Solution: One-stop Shop
                                      Utility



                                       State

            PACE
          program
                                      Federal



                                     Nonprofit



        Municipal Energy Financing
               @ SWREC
PACE Process



                            Information                             Energy
PACE program advertised                                   Sign-up
                              sessions                              audits




                             Municipal Energy Financing
                                    @ SWREC
PACE Process



                 Retrofit
y   Retrofit                                     Owner pays assessment,
               completed,
s   contract                                      enjoys energy savings
                City pays




                    Municipal Energy Financing
                           @ SWREC
PACE Status

• 22 states
• 4 established municipal programs
  – Almost $40 million spent
  – 2,000 properties served

                                                 Legend

                                                     Recently enacted
                                                     PACE laws
                                                     Pre-2009 statutes
                                                     supporting PACE

                    Municipal Energy Financing
                           @ SWREC
PACE Status

                                Spending in 2009


                  PACE Programs $40




Utility Energy Efficiency Programs      $3,600



                                     $0          $1,000           $2,000   $3,000   $4,000
                                                                               Millions

                                     Municipal Energy Financing
                                            @ SWREC
PACE Potential

                                Future Spending?

             PACE Programs 2010 $300



             PACE Programs 2011         $600



Utility Energy Efficiency Programs                            $3,600


                                     $0          $1,000           $2,000   $3,000   $4,000
                                                                               Millions

                                     Municipal Energy Financing
                                            @ SWREC
Issue: Fannie Mae Objects

Lender Letter LL-2010-06
May 5, 2010
TO: All Fannie Mae Single-Family Sellers and Servicers
Property Assessed Clean Energy Loans



PACE loans generally have automatic first lien priority
over previously recorded mortgages. The terms of the
Fannie Mae/Freddie Mac Uniform Security Instruments
prohibit loans that have senior lien status to a mortgage.
As PACE programs progress through the experimental
phase and beyond, Fannie Mae will issue additional
guidance to lenders as may be needed from time to time.


                                                         Lender letter: http://tinyurl.com/3y2g4mw
Issue: Fannie Mae Objects

Lender Letter LL-2010-06
May 5, 2010
TO: All Fannie Mae Single-Family Sellers and Servicers
Property Assessed Clean Energy Loans



1. We don’t come second.
2. This isn’t a public good.
3. “We’re buried in a subprime mess. Nothing
   new, please.”




                                    Municipal Energy Financing
                                           @ SWREC
Solution #1: Lawsuits
• FHFA, Fannie, & Freddie sued by:
  – California Attorney General
  – Sierra Club
  – Sonoma County, CA
  – Town of Babylon, NY




                     Municipal Energy Financing
                            @ SWREC
Solution #2: Legislation
• The PACE Assessment Protection Act of 2010
  – Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac must revise their
    lending standards to conform with Department of
    Energy PACE Guidelines from May 2010.
  – FHFA, Fannie, and Freddie
    may not discriminate
    against any borrower in a
    community with a PACE
    program.

                    Municipal Energy Financing
                           @ SWREC
Solution #3: Alternatives
• On-bill financing
  – Utility finances improvements
  – Utility ties billing to the meter instead of
    individual
  – “Pay As You Save” (now defunct)
• Drawbacks
  – Requires utility participation
  – Utility billing system may need upgrade

                      Municipal Energy Financing
                             @ SWREC
Solution #3: Alternatives
• Junior liens (e.g. Maine)
  – Does not come before mortgage in event of
    default
  – Still tied to property tax bill
• Drawbacks
  – No secondary market
  – Can’t transfer between owners?


                    Municipal Energy Financing
                           @ SWREC
Solution #3: Alternatives
• Subsidized home retrofits
  – E.g. weatherization
• Drawbacks
  – Who pays for subsidy?




                     Municipal Energy Financing
                            @ SWREC
Solution #3: Alternatives
• Loan loss reserves
  – Can insulate lender
• Drawbacks
  – Who pays for reserve?
• DOE webinar on Monday
  – http://tinyurl.com/37wt6o9



                     Municipal Energy Financing
                            @ SWREC
Solution #3: Alternatives
• Loan insurance
  – Insulates lenders
  – Low cost
• Drawbacks
  – Offered to FHFA, but rejected
  – No private market right now




                        Municipal Energy Financing
                               @ SWREC
Thank you!

John Farrell
• www.newrules.org
• jfarrell@ilsr.org
• http://twitter.com/johnffarrel
  l

*New*
Community Solar Power:
  Obstacles and Opportunities
                                Municipal Energy Financing: Lessons Learned
                                http://bit.ly/munienergyfinance

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Municipal Energy Financing (PACE)

  • 1. Municipal Energy Financing a.k.a. Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE) John Farrell Institute for Local Self-Reliance Presentation to the Southwest Renewable Energy Conference (SWREC) Santa Fe| September 14, 2010
  • 2. New Rules Project @ ILSR • Public Broadband • Local Banking • Independent Retail • Community Energy www.muninetworks.org Energy Self-Reliant States @ Inst. For Local Self-Reliance
  • 3. Municipal Energy Financing • Overview • Rationale • Potential • Issues Municipal Energy Financing: Lessons Learned http://bit.ly/munienergyfinance Municipal Energy Financing @ SWREC
  • 4. Overview Sells bonds Installs energy efficiency improvements and on- site renewable energy Pays for property improvements Pays with long-term property tax assessment Assesses property for cost plus interest Municipal Energy Financing @ SWREC
  • 5. Rationale: Financing Mismatch Average time in one residence: 5-6 years 5-6 years Finance terms: 10-15 years 5-6 years Municipal Energy Financing @ SWREC
  • 6. Solution: Property Tied Financing Long-term financing stays with property 5-6 years 5-6 years 10-15 years Municipal Energy Financing @ SWREC
  • 7. Rationale: Information Disjointed State Utility rebate rebate Utility audit Energy Nonprofit Star rating energy guide Federal tax credit Municipal Energy Financing @ SWREC
  • 8. Solution: One-stop Shop Utility State PACE program Federal Nonprofit Municipal Energy Financing @ SWREC
  • 9. PACE Process Information Energy PACE program advertised Sign-up sessions audits Municipal Energy Financing @ SWREC
  • 10. PACE Process Retrofit y Retrofit Owner pays assessment, completed, s contract enjoys energy savings City pays Municipal Energy Financing @ SWREC
  • 11. PACE Status • 22 states • 4 established municipal programs – Almost $40 million spent – 2,000 properties served Legend Recently enacted PACE laws Pre-2009 statutes supporting PACE Municipal Energy Financing @ SWREC
  • 12. PACE Status Spending in 2009 PACE Programs $40 Utility Energy Efficiency Programs $3,600 $0 $1,000 $2,000 $3,000 $4,000 Millions Municipal Energy Financing @ SWREC
  • 13. PACE Potential Future Spending? PACE Programs 2010 $300 PACE Programs 2011 $600 Utility Energy Efficiency Programs $3,600 $0 $1,000 $2,000 $3,000 $4,000 Millions Municipal Energy Financing @ SWREC
  • 14. Issue: Fannie Mae Objects Lender Letter LL-2010-06 May 5, 2010 TO: All Fannie Mae Single-Family Sellers and Servicers Property Assessed Clean Energy Loans PACE loans generally have automatic first lien priority over previously recorded mortgages. The terms of the Fannie Mae/Freddie Mac Uniform Security Instruments prohibit loans that have senior lien status to a mortgage. As PACE programs progress through the experimental phase and beyond, Fannie Mae will issue additional guidance to lenders as may be needed from time to time. Lender letter: http://tinyurl.com/3y2g4mw
  • 15. Issue: Fannie Mae Objects Lender Letter LL-2010-06 May 5, 2010 TO: All Fannie Mae Single-Family Sellers and Servicers Property Assessed Clean Energy Loans 1. We don’t come second. 2. This isn’t a public good. 3. “We’re buried in a subprime mess. Nothing new, please.” Municipal Energy Financing @ SWREC
  • 16. Solution #1: Lawsuits • FHFA, Fannie, & Freddie sued by: – California Attorney General – Sierra Club – Sonoma County, CA – Town of Babylon, NY Municipal Energy Financing @ SWREC
  • 17. Solution #2: Legislation • The PACE Assessment Protection Act of 2010 – Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac must revise their lending standards to conform with Department of Energy PACE Guidelines from May 2010. – FHFA, Fannie, and Freddie may not discriminate against any borrower in a community with a PACE program. Municipal Energy Financing @ SWREC
  • 18. Solution #3: Alternatives • On-bill financing – Utility finances improvements – Utility ties billing to the meter instead of individual – “Pay As You Save” (now defunct) • Drawbacks – Requires utility participation – Utility billing system may need upgrade Municipal Energy Financing @ SWREC
  • 19. Solution #3: Alternatives • Junior liens (e.g. Maine) – Does not come before mortgage in event of default – Still tied to property tax bill • Drawbacks – No secondary market – Can’t transfer between owners? Municipal Energy Financing @ SWREC
  • 20. Solution #3: Alternatives • Subsidized home retrofits – E.g. weatherization • Drawbacks – Who pays for subsidy? Municipal Energy Financing @ SWREC
  • 21. Solution #3: Alternatives • Loan loss reserves – Can insulate lender • Drawbacks – Who pays for reserve? • DOE webinar on Monday – http://tinyurl.com/37wt6o9 Municipal Energy Financing @ SWREC
  • 22. Solution #3: Alternatives • Loan insurance – Insulates lenders – Low cost • Drawbacks – Offered to FHFA, but rejected – No private market right now Municipal Energy Financing @ SWREC
  • 23. Thank you! John Farrell • www.newrules.org • jfarrell@ilsr.org • http://twitter.com/johnffarrel l *New* Community Solar Power: Obstacles and Opportunities Municipal Energy Financing: Lessons Learned http://bit.ly/munienergyfinance